20 Ways Trauma Impacts Your Brain: The HPA Axis, Anxiety and Depression

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Objectives
~ Define and explain the HPA-Axis
~ Identify the impact of trauma on the HPA Axis
~ Identify the impact of chronic stress/cumulative trauma on the HPA-Axis
~ Identify symptoms of HPA-Axis dysfunction
~ Identify interventions useful for this population
Based on
~ Post-traumatic stress disorder: the neurobiological impact of psychological trauma
Dialogues Clin Neurosci.

What is the HPA Axis
~ Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
~ Controls reactions to stress and regulates digestion, the immune system, mood and emotions, sexuality, and energy storage and expenditure
~ The signs and symptoms of HPA-Axis dysfunction reflect a persistent, abnormal adaptation of neurobiological systems to trauma or chronic stress.
~ Hypothyroid (4.6%)
~ IBS symptoms such as constipation and diarrhea
~ Reduced tolerance to physical and mental stresses (including pain)

Emotional Valence
~ The NEVER (Negative Emotional Valence Enhances Recapitulation ) model of emotional valence, asserts that the greater the number of stimuli related to the unpleasant event that are remembered, the greater the likelihood that the person will encounter reminders of the event leading to increased recapituation.