Michael Faraday
Michael Faraday
Michael Faraday (1791–1867) was an English scientist whose discoveries in electricity and magnetism laid the groundwork for the electric motor, the generator and modern power technology. The son of a blacksmith, he received little formal schooling and educated himself by reading the books he bound as a young apprentice. His turning point came in 1812, when he attended lectures by the chemist Humphry Davy and sent him a bound volume of his careful notes; the next year Davy hired him as an assistant at the Royal Institution. Faraday demonstrated electromagnetic rotation in 1821, discovered electromagnetic induction in 1831, formulated the laws of electrolysis and discovered benzene. His idea of lines of force shaped the later field theory of James Clerk Maxwell. A devout Christian of humble habits, he declined a knighthood and began the tradition of the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures for young people.
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Pioneers of Electricity and Communication
Samuel Morse developed a practical electric telegraph and the code that bears his name, while Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction, the principle behind the electric generator. James Clerk Maxwell united electricity, magnetism and light in a single theory. Thomas Edison, who began his career as a telegraph operator, developed a practical incandescent light bulb, and Nikola Tesla pioneered alternating-current power systems.
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Founders of Modern Chemistry
Antoine Lavoisier established the law of conservation of mass and gave oxygen and hydrogen their names, turning chemistry into a precise science. John Dalton proposed the modern atomic theory in the early 1800s, explaining chemical combination through atoms with characteristic weights. Michael Faraday, trained in the laboratory of Humphry Davy, discovered benzene and formulated the laws of electrolysis. Dmitri Mendeleev arranged the elements into the periodic table in 1869 and predicted elements not yet discovered.
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