Dmitri Mendeleev
Dmitri Mendeleev
Dmitri Mendeleev (1834–1907) was a Russian chemist who formulated the periodic law and created the periodic table of the elements. Born in Tobolsk, Siberia, he lost his father in childhood, and his mother made great sacrifices to bring him to St. Petersburg for his education. While writing his textbook Principles of Chemistry, he arranged the known elements by atomic weight and recognized that their properties recur at regular intervals. His turning point came in 1869, when he published this arrangement and boldly left gaps for elements not yet discovered, predicting their properties in detail. The discovery of gallium, scandium and germanium within the next two decades confirmed his predictions and won wide acceptance for his system. He later directed Russia's Chief Bureau of Weights and Measures. The periodic table remains the central organizing framework of chemistry, and element 101, mendelevium, is named in his honor.
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Founders of Modern Chemistry
Antoine Lavoisier established the law of conservation of mass and gave oxygen and hydrogen their names, turning chemistry into a precise science. John Dalton proposed the modern atomic theory in the early 1800s, explaining chemical combination through atoms with characteristic weights. Michael Faraday, trained in the laboratory of Humphry Davy, discovered benzene and formulated the laws of electrolysis. Dmitri Mendeleev arranged the elements into the periodic table in 1869 and predicted elements not yet discovered.
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