On October 4 at Los Angeles International Airport, FBI agents arrested a woman at the boarding gate of a flight bound for China, moments before she could depart. The next day she appeared in federal court in shackles, charged with acting as an agent of the Chinese Communist Party and surveilling the eldest son of Taiwan’s president Lai Ching-te inside the United States. On October 5 the U.S. Department of Justice announced prosecutions seeking to strip U.S. citizenship from 40 people, among them a man who collected intelligence on Falun Gong practitioners for Beijing while living in America.

These two cases, both closely watched by Chinese communities, point to the same network of agents—commonly called spies or “special intelligence personnel”—whose lines run back to the Chinese regime. They also illustrate a system that free societies have formally labeled “transnational repression.”