Stonehenge | Göbekli Tepe Calendar | San Jose Artefacts - Archaeology News: August 2024

Welcome to the August 2024 edition of Archaeology News. Join me on a journey through time exploring the latest exciting archaeological discoveries from around the world. As an archaeologist, I have taken my years of experience and used it to spend hours carefully researching, filming, and editing this video to provide you with well-sourced, interesting, accurate news about real archaeology. What is a Scottish stone doing at the middle of Stonehenge? Does a T-pillar at Gobekli Tepe depict the world's oldest lunisolar calendar? What are the first objects that have been found at the site of the San Jose shipwreck in Colombia? Stay tuned to find out the answers to these questions and more as we dig in to these captivating stories from our past. Don't forget to take a few seconds to share or like this video and subscribe to the channel. Every little bit of engagement helps tell the algorithm to promote it to new viewers. Okay, everyone, let's dig in. First is a quick channel update. Regular viewers may already know this, but since YouTube analytics tells me that most of you who watch these videos are new, I am having a baby in September 2024. To prepare for taking time off, I have pre-made several videos to go off while I'm away on maternity leave. However, Archaeology News will be going on hiatus as it's not something that I can necessarily make in advance. My plan is to return to this series in January 2025. I'll hope you'll still stick around during my absence to watch the content that I do have prepared and help me get to 10,000 subscribers this year. All right, enough about me. On to our discovery segment. We have 10 stories today in our top discovery section, which are presented in chronological order, starting with those that go the farthest back in time. Our first story begins with the headlines generated by the claims that one of the pillars at Gobekli Tepe in Turkey might represent the world's first lunisolar calendar. I want to be honest with my audience. When I started researching this story, I was tempted to leave it out because it seems to be a case of mainstream media running away with a rather flimsy speculative hypothesis because it makes a splashy attention-grabbing headline. But if the New York Times is going to get attention for this, then I might as well too. What it all boils down to is this. A professor of engineering at the University of Edinburgh, Dr. Martin Swetman, who is an engineer, not an archaeologist or a linguistics expert, has published a paper with a few different claims about his interpretation of what he thinks particular carvings on pillars at Gobekli Tepe mean. One of his claims is that some of these symbols represent a very early form of a calendar and that other parts of it commemorate a cosmic impact around 13,000 years ago that triggered the Younger Dryas cold snap, which is something that is often used by pseudoscientists to claim that this like kick-started civilization. It's a lot more complex than that, but we don't have time to go into it. This paper's conclusions gained worldwide media attention with no attempt by the journalists to verify or kind of look any deeper into these conclusions than what he presented. Upon further investigation, I found that this is essentially a rehash of a previous paper that Dr. Swetman published in 2017, which has already been rebutted and critiqued by archaeologists who actually worked at Gobekli. I've included a link to both the 2017 paper and the rebuttal in the video description, both of which you can read. Some of these critiques have been addressed in the new paper. However, upon reading it, it's quite clear, to me at least, that the author doesn't understand and even dismisses the importance of archaeological processes and methodology. At one point, he says that the astronomical interpretation is developed logically and supported by statistical arguments. Moreover, a complete interpretation for all the symbols is not needed. That is, we do not need to know everything in order to know something. I have many problems with this statement. I don't really know where to start with them, but broadly speaking, while statistical analysis can be a very helpful tool for interpretation of large archaeological datasets, it should not be treated as a whole truth that supersedes or negates needs for other evidence. The entire hypothesis presented in the paper rests on the associations proposed between certain constellations and the carvings on the pillars. Therefore, in order to accept every following point, you have to accept the fact that these initial identifications are correct. And I cannot stress enough that ignoring all the other iconography and study of it at the site makes for a very incomplete dataset, which can't really be tested for validity very well. This is the whole point of scientific research. It seems Dr. Swetman just visually matched constellation stick figures with stone carvings on the pillar. This doesn't demonstrate that this is what it actually represented. And there are other papers out there by other archaeologists who have a differing hypothesis for what these carvings represent or meant to the people who made them. Additionally, the paper interprets the V symbol on a particular pillar as representing days and a square symbol as representing a month, and then concludes that together they represent a lunar-solar calendar because the number of times these symbols occur adds up. This is just as speculative as the proposed associations between the constellations and the carvings. Any level of skimming the paper clearly shows that it is purely speculative. That doesn't mean that we need to dismiss this hypothesis outright or we can 100% say it's wrong. There is a chance that it could be correct, but it certainly should be treated with a decent dose of skepticism and be rigorously tested to see if it is actually worth considering, especially since this research was conducted without the involvement or input of the people who work at Gobekli Tepe and are the most familiar with the site and its contexts. There hasn't been an official rebuttal of the latest paper. However, Dr. Flint Dibble has done an excellent interview with the site director of Gobekli Tepe about the actual latest discoveries from their site on his YouTube channel. I've put a link to it here and you can watch it if you want some real archaeological stories from this site. For our next story, we head to Britain and the site of Stonehenge. You may have seen the headlines this past month about the discovery that the famous altar stone, which currently lies mostly buried in the ground near the center of the monument, originated in Northern Scotland, not Wales or the Salisbury Plain. I was lucky enough last week to have a chance to speak to the lead author and geologist of this project Anthony Clark, a PhD student at Curtin University about his truly groundbreaking discovery. Let's dig into the interview. All right, so welcome to the channel, Anthony. It's a pleasure to have you here. Good to be here. Nice chatting to you. You're our first geologist to come onto Archaeology News, but I feel like given what your recent paper is on, it's very, very relevant to have you here. The first question I have for you is how did you really even become involved or like start this project? What kind of spurred this for you? Yeah, my PhD is all about dating rocks. I'm a geochronologist and I emailed one of the co-authors on my recent paper to work on completely unrelated Welsh rocks, some very old rocks, and he said, you know, you have these tools in Perth in Western Australia, would you like to analyze some fragments of the altar stone we have? And of course, I kind of jumped on that opportunity and here I am two years later and the paper has just been released. Just to give people an idea who have maybe read the headlines but haven't fully read the paper, can you just give us a brief summary of what you found in your analysis? I think I should probably cover what Stonehenge is because Stonehenge is quite a complex monument. It's composed of lots of different rocks. Blue stones are considered exotic to the area. They're not from the local area on the Salisbury Plain and some of them come from southwest Wales. The big upright sarsens, they are from the local area, but about 25 or so kilometres away. But we didn't know where the central altar stone had come from, which is the six-tonne megalith or rock at the centre of the monument. So I was sent over those two fragments of the altar stone from one of the co-authors and we first started by dating the minute mineral grains within these fragments. You can imagine these are, they're called thin sections, so they're very thin slices of rock. You can actually see through them. That's how geologists study rock, by shining light through it and you can study the optical properties. Were your results that came back, which was that this altar stone is from probably the farthest away so far that we found a stone at Stonehenge, it comes from north eastern or northern Scotland, was that a surprise or was that something you were kind of expecting or? It was absolutely a complete shock. Work had been moving away from a Welsh provenance for the altar stone. It looked like South Wales wasn't the place to be, but none of us expected northeast Scotland. So how did we figure out it was from northeast Scotland? Well, the altar stone is a sandstone, which means it's made up of lots of tiny microscopic grains compacted together, a bit like grains of sand on a beach. Each of those grains will have a unique age and chemical characteristic that we can analyse and build up a fingerprint for that rock, which we can then forensically compare to other rocks in Britain and Ireland. Oh, yeah, because obviously I'm very familiar with other techniques of dating, like radiocarbon or radiation pottery, etc. But I've never really thought about how you would go about dating a rock. It's the exact same principle as radiocarbon dating, but with radiocarbon dating, we can look back about 50 or so thousand years due to the decay of carbon to the other kind of carbon, carbon isotopes. We use uranium to lead dating, which operates on timescales of billions of years. So it really can give you very ancient ages. In fact, I think the oldest grain we analysed from the altar stone was 3,000 million years old. So 3 billion years old. Wow, that's insane. So can you tell me a little bit more about the techniques that you used for this analysis? You mentioned some special equipment from Perth in Australia. In my university, Curtin University, there really are these fantastic tools, in part due to the mining industry in Western Australia. But we analysed zircon, apatite and rutile to determine their age using uranium lead dating through a mass spectrometer. We also did more unconventional stuff in the University of Adelaide to work out other kinds of ages, other isotopes. But it really is a fine scale we're working at. These grains are the width of a human hair and we shoot them with a laser even thinner than a human hair to determine their age. It's these tiny crater pits we form on the grains and we analyse the material that comes off them. So looking at the sample, you wouldn't be able to see anything with the naked eye, but under the microscope, it would be Swiss cheese. In that respect, why exactly did you guys decide to use this approach or perhaps why hadn't it been used before to look at the stone? I think the why hadn't it been done before is kind of the matter of we had all these things in-house. We can analyse all of these different minerals using the high resolution techniques I spoke about earlier. And when we did this, like I said, it builds up this DNA kind of fingerprint for the rock because a sandstone is going to be made up of rocks, tiny grains from there, from here, from that mountain, from that mountain. And that can really provenance a rock to where it came from. The rocks of Southern Britain are a lot different from Northern Scotland. They're a lot younger and Northern Scotland is very ancient bedrock. So in the conclusions of your paper, it talks about how, you know, we already had examples of pretty wide connections and networks happening already around the Neolithic world. But this is kind of, I think, somewhat unprecedented if I'm not incorrect in terms of a 750 kilometre distance to drag a gigantic stone. Can you tell us a bit more about how you think that might've been done? Because I saw also some people on Twitter talking about asking if this was like a glacial erratic, which I'm not sure if people know what that is or not. Yeah, of course. So when we figured out it was from Northeast Scotland, we thought, okay, how did it get to Southern England? And for us, there were three ways it could have been done. You look at an overland transport route using maybe rollers or a pulley system type thing. You look at maybe a marine shipping route on a boat all the way down to Southern England, which would then involve some overland transport in any case, or third, a glacial erratic. A glacial erratic is a rock that's been trapped in moving ice and then deposited far from where it came. Some favour the glacial option for the Welsh bluestones. But when we actually look at ice flow directions in Scotland, ice was moving from these big Grampian and Cairngorm mountains even further away from Southern England. They were moving northwards. That's not the direction of Southern England. So that does leave the two options that were done by humans. Do you have a personal one that you think is perhaps more likely? I mean, even today, an overland route from Scotland is quite arduous. I'm sure you know all about that. There are examples of an extensive Neolithic shipping network in Northern Europe. We find amber, pottery, tools, masonry from all over Europe. Baltic amber on Orkney, pottery from Southern Britain. So is a six-tonne megalith out of the question? Was it possible? It's one of these maybe unanswerable questions. But on the grand scheme of things, it probably is the more easier and feasible route than an overland option. So what's going to happen next with this project? Do you have more research to do? Yeah, for me personally, I need to finish my PhD. That's priority number one. I would love to carry on working on Stonehenge. I think there's so much more to learn just about the altar stone. There's other minerals we can analyse. We can maybe even find the outcrop or quarry where it came from. But I feel like these tools that we've developed and used, there's a whole world of archaeological artefacts that can be provenance here. Anything made of stone, anything made of axe heads, grinding tools, stone arrow heads. There's just a world of ancient networks and cultural links to be constrained. Yeah, and a really interesting progression in terms of technology because I know when I think of stone, it's kind of one of those things where historically, when it comes to archaeology, we can't really tell a lot about it. But obviously, now with this cross-disciplinary approach, it opens up whole new avenues to things. Are there any other questions about the stones at Stonehenge besides the altar stone that you'd like to look into? Yeah, there's always the option of really delving into this glacial transport route for the Welsh bluestones. I think our tools can really help constrain whether that happens. We could look at rocks on the Salisbury plain to see if, have they been transported by ice from Ireland, from Scotland? So I'd really like to narrow down that question. I think it's an unresolved issue in the Stonehenge story. That kind of wraps things up. But obviously, there's still lots to do. So do you have anywhere that people who are interested in learning more about this, that they can follow your research or your project? Obviously, I have a ResearchGate, which I can send you the link and you can share that. And then the paper's available open access. So if people want to learn more, they can just go ahead and see what they think of our work. That's everything for today. Thank you so much for taking the time to speak to me. I really appreciate it. And it's been really interesting to learn a little bit more about geology than I knew before. I'm glad. Yeah, it's really interesting. It's a fascinating subject. And I feel like there's a lot of crossover with archaeology. So I'm really excited for the future. What did you guys think? Was the megalith transported by land, sea, spaceships? Let me know in the comments below. You can find a link to Anthony's paper in the video description. It's open access, which means that anybody can read it. Now we go to the southwest of England, where archaeologists have unearthed a stunning Bronze Age burial chamber on one of Dartmoor's most isolated hills. The stone-built box, sometimes known as a kist, was found at Cut Hill during a three-day dig earlier in August. The find had parallels to a kist unearthed at Dartmoor's Whitehorse Hill in 2011. The recent excavations were prompted when a local historian reported that the kist feature was eroding out of the peat. The dig took place from the 9th to 12th of August and was rewarded when a prehistoric kist and topped with three granite capstones was found. It contained multiple pieces of wood that appear to have been deliberately shaped and cut. Site surveys and analysis, including radiocarbon dating of charcoal from inside the kist, gave a date of around 1800 BCE, so around 3800 years old. The kist was carefully sealed and transported to a specialist laboratory where detailed examinations will be carried out to determine what, if anything, is contained within the wet peat underneath the wood. Next we head to the site of Quinito in Peru's Vero Valley, where the skeletal remains of four people buried around 3800 years ago have been found. The skeletons of two children, a teenager and an adult, were found in the remains of what is thought to be a temple. All four individuals were found lying on their sides and facing towards a mountain. The remains of funerary goods, such as stone pendants and snail shells, were found with their bodies. The remains date back to when people in Peru were constructing large buildings, including early pyramids, and using ceramics on a large scale. This site dates to the early formative period and predates the Inca Empire by around a thousand years. The possible temple was built with cobblestone walls that were held together by clay plaster. The walls have curved corners, a unique architectural feature from the early formative period, and pottery fragments have been found at the site similar to those seen at other important settlements such as Guamalote and Huaca Negra. The structure's location has also been previously associated with the cult of water, a vital element in ancient Andean worldviews. Our next discovery comes from the cuneiform tablet archives of the British Museum. Cuneiform is a logosyllabic writing system that is the earliest known writing system in the world. You can see examples of it on my bookshelf here from when I took Babylonian classes during my university degree. It was originally developed to write the Sumerian language, but was later used for writing several other ancient languages that centered around Mesopotamia. Typically, it was written on small clay tablets that were then fired. An estimated half a million of these tablets have been found and are held in museums across the world, but comparatively few of them have been translated and published. The British Museum has one of the largest collections of these tablets with roughly 130,000. In August, scholars published a paper of the details of their decipherment of text spreading across four of these tablets, which are thought to be around 4,000 years old. In it, 61 predictions describe how some lunar eclipses are omens of death, destruction, and pestilence. They now represent the oldest examples of compendia of lunar eclipse omens yet discovered. The authors of the tablets use the time of night, movement of shadows, date, and duration of the eclipses to predict these omens. For example, one says that if an eclipse becomes obscured from its center all at once and clear all at once, a king will die. Destruction of Elam. The authors think that the origins of the interpretations of some of the omens may have lain in their actual experiences. Observation of a particular type of event followed by catastrophe. However, most of these omens were probably determined through a theoretical system that linked different characteristics of the eclipse to various omens. It's thought that these tablets came from Sippar, a city that flourished in what is now Iraq, and the tablets became part of the British Museum's collection by a purchase from antique traders between 1892 and 1914, but they hadn't been fully translated and published until now. Our next discovery brings us to India, where during the 10th season of archaeological excavations at the Kiladi Archaeological Site in Tamil Nadu, the dig has revealed a very well-planned water management system. This system includes a closed channel, an open drain, and several small tanks. However, the most significant part is a cylindrical terracotta pipeline. Dating to the 6th century BCE, it is made up of six cylindrical structures that are roughly 36 centimeters long and 18 centimeters wide. These cylinders are carefully assembled to form a single continuous pipeline that is roughly 174 centimeters long. This appears to show that the Kiladi people were doing more than just collecting water and clay pots from the river. Analysis of various artifacts from the site have demonstrated that, as early as the 7th century BCE, the site's occupants were living in a prosperous industrial settlement. This shifts the timeline of the Sangam era and the origins of the Tamil script considerably further back than previously thought. Now we go to China, where an ancient burial site containing 148 tombs has been found under the construction site of the Guangzhou Zoo. The tombs were excavated in spring 2024 and date to several significant periods in Chinese history. The site includes four tombs from the Han dynasty, which began in 206 BCE, eight from the Jin and Southern dynasties, 15 from the Tang dynasty, and 121 from the Ming and Qing dynasties. A total of 196 artifacts were recovered, including pottery, porcelain, bronze items, jade, and bead ornaments. Additionally, 48 gravestones from the Republic of China period and the early years of the People's Republic of China were found. This site offers a unique window into burial practices that span over 2,000 years. Particularly significant are two well-preserved tombs, one from the Eastern Jin dynasty and another from the Southern dynasties. The Eastern Jin tomb is the largest and best preserved of its kind from that period discovered at this site, measuring over 10 meters in length. Despite the presence of a looter's hole near the entrance, the tomb's chamber and walls remained largely intact. The Southern dynasties tomb was a joint burial for a married couple. The discovery of these two tombs could be of great significance for the study of burial shapes, stages, and funeral customs during the Six Dynasties period in this region. It also provides critical information for understanding the construction technology used during the Jin and Southern dynasties. Guangzhou Zoo, located in one of the city's key burial areas, has been the site of numerous archaeological discoveries over the years. In addition to the archaeological work, the Guangzhou Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology has partnered with the zoo to engage with the public through educational tours that provide visitors with an opportunity to learn more about the significance of the archaeology and the rich history that they represent at the zoo. Next up, we head to the archaeological zone of Coba in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. There, a fascinating stone stela containing an extensive Maya hieroglyphic text has been found engraved into the rock of a lagoon near the pyramid structure of Nahak Mool, one of the tallest pyramids on the Yucatan Peninsula. Coba is a large and important Mayan archaeological zone that is one of the few sites to retain its original Maya name, which roughly translates to ruffled or uneven water. Its early settlement dates to the pre-classic period and it reached its height in the economic and political power in the late and post-classic period. In this story, recent archaeological work has led to the discovery of a panel made up of 123 hieroglyphic cartouches that form an extensive L-shaped inscription. It is carved directly onto the rock and covers an impressive surface of over 11 square meters. Its size and intricacy highlight Coba's significance as a Maya cultural and political hub in its heyday. A preliminary epigraphic analysis has already given us several important details from it, including an establishment date on May 12, 569 CE of a settlement called Kehwetsnal, which translates to Mountain of the Deer. Furthermore, the inscription supplied a crucial new name of Guayil Chaacchin, a sovereign who was previously unknown, a valuable addition to the Coba dynastic sequence, which fills an important gap in our knowledge about the rulers of the ancient city-state To restore and protect the artifact, which was found covered with salt, weeds, and soil, archaeologists have injected lime mortar into it to reinforce its interior, which had developed external holes due to stagnant water collecting on it during rainy seasons. State-of-the-art technology has also been used to create a three-dimensional model and high-precision record of it. These models will facilitate the full deciphering of the text. This discovery sheds light on the intricate and rich past of an area continuously inhabited for more than 1,300 years, from 100 BCE to 1,200 CE. Our penultimate discovery for today takes us to Mongolia's Dornod province, where an elite tomb has been found. 1,100 years ago, the vast Khitan Liao Empire once ruled over much of what is now central and eastern Mongolia from 916 to 1125 CE. Following its fall, the Mongolian Empire under Genghis Khan gained prominence by 1206 CE. This particular grave offers valuable insights into networks and organization of the local communities in the transitional era between these two imperial periods. The grave is located within the fortified complex of Kar Nur, close to Mongolia's northeastern border, a strategically significant area that was once a Khitan empire stronghold and is well known for its vast network of walls and fortifications. What makes this find particularly interesting is that the tomb appears to have been built after the fort was abandoned, implying that the space was reused during this state of political transition. It dates to between 1158 and 1214 CE and contained the skeleton of an adult woman, possibly between the ages of 40 and 60. She was wearing a yellow silk cloak and was buried with other embellished priceless items inside a wooden coffin. She likely belonged to the elite as evidenced by the golden earrings, silver cup, bronze vessel, gold bracelet, and coral and glass beads found within her grave. Many of her grave goods were not native to the area and the fact that an elite person was buried at a long abandoned border site implies that the ancient Khitan fortifications were not just military strongholds but also sites with lasting cultural and symbolic significance that persisted long after the empire fell. Our last discovery for today has shown up in archaeology news before. Do you remember this story from May? In case you missed it, the Colombian government has started exploring the sunken 18th century Spanish galleon dubbed the Holy Grail of shipwrecks. Now they have announced the discovery of a first set of artifacts recovered from the wreck. The San Jose belonged to the Spanish Navy and was sunk by the British in 1708 as it was heading to Colombia's port city of Cartagena, loaded tons of gold and silver coins intended to help pay for the Spanish king's war against the British. The wreck is estimated to be laden with as much as 16 billion pounds in treasure. Among the new finds are an anchor, glass bottles, ceramics, a bedpan and pieces of wood or parts of the ship's hull. There is an ongoing debate over who owns the treasure between Spain, Colombia, a private American salvage company and the indigenous Caracara Bolivians. That's it for our top discoveries. Which one was your favorite? Let me know in the comments. If you enjoyed this segment, don't forget to like the video. Now we're going to move on to current news and events and we have two stories in this section. The first is the news that Julius Caesar's tilinum perfume has been recreated by the Scent, Culture and Tourism Association. The project to recreate the scent was a collaboration between archaeologists, Milanese perfumers and a renowned perfume designer. It contains a blend of scents including rock rose, citrus, oud and amber and meticulously replicated the perfume's composition based on archaeological and historical data. Additionally, it features iris flowers and rock roses which were particularly coveted and difficult to source in antiquity. The association has announced that the perfume will be available for sale in Turkey, France and Italy starting in October. I can't speak for how accurate the study or the perfume recreation is as it wasn't officially published as a paper and all I can really find about it is an Instagram account but I thought it was a really cool concept so I thought I'd include it here in case anyone might be interested in what the famous Roman dictator might smell like. Our next headline comes from the Hecht Museum in Haifa, Israel where a four-year-old accidentally smashed a 3,500-year-old jar while trying to see if there was anything inside of it. Unlike other stories I've covered before of tourists intentionally damaging archaeological sites to leave their mark, this was a complete accident. It's worth pointing out that the museum has a tradition of making its artifacts as accessible as possible. They don't have glass displays, cases and barriers which is why a four-year-old was able to grab hold of and subsequently break the jar. Also, this story actually has a happy ending. When the family alerted the museum to the mishap instead of fining or punishing them, they were instead invited back for an organized tour and there's no need to worry about the damaged artifact. A conservation specialist has already started work to repair the jar and it is expected to be restored and back in place in time to greet the family when they return. Although, there might be some additional protective elements added to its display now. This museum in particular has long taken pride in making archaeological discoveries that date as far back as the Chalcolithic period as accessible as possible and it is their intention to continue this practice despite this incident. That's the end of current news and events. We'll finish today talking about entertainment and pop culture. Two trailers were released in August for upcoming media featuring pop culture's two most famous archaeologists, Indiana Jones and Lara Croft. First up, the game Indiana Jones and the Great Circle has a new gameplay trailer and release date for Xbox and PC of December 9th, 2024. A few interviews have also come out mentioning how the game developers have gone for a new approach saying an indie game could never be a shooter, should never be a shooter and stating that they've embraced his signature with improvised brawls and disguise-based stealth for gameplay instead. If you've watched my Tomb Raider live streams, you know that shooting is not my strong suit in gaming. So I'm happy to read this and it makes me even more excited to get the game just before Christmas. Maybe I'll be able to do a live stream on the channel of me playing it as well. Would you guys be interested in that? Let me know. Secondly, a final round of promo material for Netflix's upcoming Tomb Raiders animated series has started to be released. There is a new trailer and interviews slowly trickling out before the series releases on October 10th. In case you missed it, Lara will be voiced by Hayley Atwell and the series is intended to cover the gap between the most recent trilogy of games and the very first Tomb Raider that was made in 1996. It is already on my watch list to review. Don't worry. All right, everyone. That's everything for the August 2024 edition of Archaeology News. Which discovery was your favorite? Are you going to buy some of Julius Caesar's perfume? Are you looking forward to Indie and Lara's new adventures? Don't forget to comment, like the video or subscribe to the channel before you leave. If you're feeling extra generous, you can give me a super thanks or a Ko-fi donation or go get some merch from my Redbubble shop. Taking a few seconds to support me in any way that you can helps grow the channel and promotes quality heritage content that is well sourced, researched and presented by somebody who is an expert in this subject. It shows the algorithm that people are interested in real archaeology. Thank you so much for watching. Stay curious. And I hope to see you on my next adventure into the world of archaeology.