Origin/History/Development of International Law

How are you? I have mentioned these three things together because these three aspects are interlinked. First of all, when we talk about the origin of something, We should also know that when it originated, that is where its history began. And when we talk about development, development now starts absolutely from the origin. So, first of all, I would like to inform you about the origin of the term international law. This term, the first time it was introduced, He did it, Jeremy Bentham. Jeremy Bentham laid its foundation within 1780 AD. But it's not as if this law did not exist before. It had another name too, the law of nations. However, after 1780 AD, it was recognized under the name of international law. After that, if we discuss the history of international law, So we tend to think that international law is perhaps a 200, 300, or 400-year-old law. Among them, we have this piece of evidence which reveals this That international law existed even 4,000 years ago. Its development begins with the first treaty of Lagash, 1780 BCE. That is, history will begin from 1780, and development will also be starting from 1780. You shouldn't be confused; it's the year 1780 AD here. And here it is 1780 BC, That is, the difference here to there is 4,000 years. The Treaty of Lagash would have been signed 4,000 years ago between two states. The nation-state of Lagash and the nation-state of Ooma had a border agreement between them. When you look at the map, there is a region called Mesopotamia. Inside Mesopotamia, there were two nation-states: the nation-state of Lagash and the nation-state of Umma. A border agreement had been reached between the two of them: this land is ours, this land is theirs. Thus, it becomes clear that in today's era, the settlement of international borders Treaties have been signed since as far back as 4,000 years ago. Many treaties were signed on its behalf, but I will not mention them here. Because if we take a list, it is also stated that today, within just the last hundred years, 20,000 treaties have been signed. So, honestly, I'm just referring to those among them who have developed international law. This is the foundation of international law; I will merely mention them. Treaty of Hudaibiya; as a Muslim, we should know that it was the first treaty in Islam. The Treaty of Hudaibiya was signed between Muhammad ﷺ and the people of the Quraish. Their treaty was a peace treaty, and its duration was set at 10 years. It was decided that we would not perform Umrah this year. Next year, they will reach the age, and this treaty's enforcement will be 10 years. That was also regarded as a development in international law. Third, the Treaty of Westphalia, 1648 A.D.—this is a matter from 400 years ago, from today. This is considered within the Western world. The Treaty of Westphalia is a very important instrument in the development of international law. Why, because it established some fundamental principles of international law. The concept of principles of territorial sovereignty and territorial jurisdiction was introduced within the Treaty of Westphalia. European states, the UK, France, Germany, and several other states were included in this. And they had signed a treaty, negotiating inside Westphalia. It was stated therein that within your territory, you are sovereign. You can exercise your sovereignty within it for everything, for legislative purposes, for executive purposes, or for judicial purposes. The Treaty of Westphalia is very important if you talk about modern development. So, the Treaty of Westphalia is very important. But if we go to history, then history starts, Fourth is the Congress of Paris, where certain states had gathered together. The ones who sat together and ended a war were Britain, France, and Germany. after the French Revolution, at the very battle in which Napoleon suffered defeat So, some states were seated there, and they sat together to end that war. And if a peace treaty is signed, it is also considered a development within the context of international war. After that came the Congress of Vienna in 1856, which took place as follows: I told you something earlier; regarding the years mentioned here, There are some things that are disputed; perhaps in certain books you might also find something else. It is disputed; I have studied it in 3–4 books. Here I have written 1814 and 1815, in some books it's 1814. And in some sources, it's 1815; so if you come across a good source, So I've taken all this, which I got from a good source, from Malcolm N. Shah's book, I have mentioned those things. This took place under the Treaty of Vienna. For the first time internationally, we can say congress or conference. One non-Christian state was admitted, namely the Ottoman Empire, which was included. Inside this Congress, and they had been invited there, That you have come here and are batting with us, make some agreements, Settle down some matters with us, just a little, a little. This is also understood as development in international affairs. Treaty of Versailles 1919, this is a very important piece of legislation, Woodrow Wilson, the former President of the United States, has set forth the fundamental principles in the Treaty of Versailles, and this is also known as the foundation of the League of Nations, The League of Nations was established in 1920. Based on the Treaty of Versailles, The Treaty of Versailles provided many principles. among which the major principle is collective security, that all states together have proposed the concept of collective security, if there will be a threat to any state So, all of us together will protect him. After that comes the UN Charter of 1945, as we know. Even though it exists today, A great many principles have been settled in the UN Charter. I cannot mention all of them here. I will tell you 2-3-4, non-aggression, non-intervention, sovereignty, international peace, self-determination All these principles are mentioned within the UN Charter. And today, these principles are also applicable. So today we have seen this, When did the origin of international law occur, and when did this term emerge? But its actual origin was 4,000 years ago. Then we learned a little about history. And then we saw how international law developed. That is, its history starts from 1780. And it has been going on until today, So, thank you so much. And please subscribe to my YouTube channel, and press the bell icon.