The Indus Valley Civilization Mystery - Harappa & Mohenjo-daro Explained (Hindi Documentary)

New Delhi, National Museum, a bronze statue of a top-tier figure, A girl, dancing, one hand on her waist, the other hand raised upward. A 5,000-year-old structure, built by someone whose name is unknown. Because no one has been able to read the script of that civilization to this day. The cities of that civilization were 5,000 years ahead of London by 1,000 years. Planned roads, private bathrooms, covered drains And then the city emptied out, the people left. Only the statue remained behind, one hand on the waist, the other raised upward. We were, don't forget us. The story begins about 5,300 years ago. Around 3300 B.C. from today At a time when the first pyramids had not yet been built in Egypt, At that time, a civilization was emerging in South Asia. We call it the Sindhu Valley Civilization today. Indus Valley Civilization One of the greatest and most mysterious civilizations in the world, This civilization was not just a city. It was a vast network. Spread across today's Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan, Millions of people, and a system like that Who was thousands of years ahead of his time, In 1922, the archaeologists began excavations in Sindh, They thought they might find a common old settlement. But beneath the ground, an entire city was hidden. Mohenjo-daro, meaning Mound of the Dead Then Harappa, then Dholavira, then Rakhigarhi, And gradually, the world began to understand. The most astonishing thing was its planning. The streets of Mohenjo-daro were straight. They were nearly at a 90-degree angle to each other. The entire city was laid out in a grid pattern. As if designed by a modern city planner But the truly shocking thing was not the road itself. Wastewater from every household flowed into the clogged drains. The inspection holes were present. Sanitation facilities were available, along with a public drainage network. At that time, such a system did not exist in most cities around the world. Many houses had private bathrooms. There were also wells in some houses. That means people had water supply in their homes. Then the archaeologist discovered a large structure at Mohenjo-daro, Great shot, about twelve meters long, Side meter wide, made of waterproof bricks, This was not a swimming pool. But as extraordinary as this civilization was, So many mysteries are hidden within it, just as vast. Without a king, without an army, How did this system work? Now let's come to that question, What makes this civilization different from the rest Pyramids were found in Egypt. Fairoz's vast tomb, Jigurach met in Maeso Putemia. The magnificent palaces of kings, In the Indus Valley? No pyramid. No royal tomb, Not a grand palace at all, That is, there was no king here. How did that civilization function? I have no research interest. that it was a republic, A place where no one had power. Counsel elders were present, Those who made decisions together. Some believe this was a theocracy. A society based on religion. Priest Kings existed, but there is no proof. Because their script has not been decoded yet. Indus script is the greatest mystery of this civilization. More than four thousand seals have been found. There are some symbols and figures on each seal. But nobody knows what they mean. Whom did these people worship? Why did they suddenly vanish? But right now, all of this is a mystery. What was life like for an ordinary person five thousand years ago? So far, we have talked about the city, about the systems, But who were the people who lived here? During an excavation of a house in Mohenjo-daro, some bones of a woman were discovered. He had some beads—shell beads, terracotta beads. The creolist analyzed those haddies. She was a woman in her late 30s to early 40s, and her hips were healthy. That is, she had sufficient food, and clothes to wear, meaning she was not poor. Another house yielded a child's toys—a clay bull cutout, clay animals. That are still being made in villages across India today. A burial site was discovered in Harappa, where people had been buried along with their essential belongings. Clay vessels, mortars—these they believed to be evidence that life continues even after death. Another interesting fact: a small bronze statue was discovered at Mohenjo-daro — a girl dancing, one hand on her hip, the other raised upward, confident, free. That statue is now in the National Museum in New Delhi, five thousand years old, yet its confidence remains unchanged. From these small things, a picture emerges: these were people of Nammal, their children played, their women wore earrings, their artists crafted statues. They were like us, just 5,000 years ago A civilization that lasted for 1,000 years, and then it was all over. Now let's get to the question that haunts us the most: why did this civilization disappear? Around 2500 BCE, the Indus Valley Civilization was at its peak. More than 1,000 settlements, over five million people. According to some researchers' estimates, at that time, 10% of the world's population lived here. And then around 1900 BC, declination began. By 1700 BCE, major cities had more or less disappeared. The old theory was that the Aryans who came from the north destroyed this civilization. But this theory has now been largely rejected. Some skeletal remains were found in Mohenjo-daro, referred to as the Massacre Victims. However, letter analysis revealed that they were from different times. There was no mass killing. This theory is the most supported. Around 2000 BCE, the monsoon weakened in South Asia. There was little rainfall, rivers began to dry up, and farming became difficult. The Saraswati River, which was the lifeline of this civilization, dried up. Where did people go when there was no water left? Towards the east, towards the plains of Ganjis. Some researchers believe that Mohenjo-daro was repeatedly flooded. The city was rebuilt again and again, one on top of the other. But there came a time when people left him behind. Signs of disease have been found in some sclerites. Was there an epidemic? Not confirmed yet. The most likely answer is that none of these was a reason. Climate change reduced water supplies, floods destroyed cities, trade routes shifted, and gradually people scattered into small villages. There was no dramatic ending—just a slow disappearance. And perhaps this is the greatest story of this civilization—one that built the world's most advanced cities, yet left behind no king, no palace, no book that can be read. are