हडपप सभयत इतन उननत थ फर कस खतम ह गई Complete History Of INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

About 5,000 years ago, there was a civilization on this very earth that could have challenged today's modern cities. A civilization that, ahead of its time, established cities whose planning and engineering still force even today's greatest architects to pause and ponder. These magnificent cities were situated along the banks of the Indus and Saraswati rivers. They featured straight roads, two- or three-story houses, and an advanced drainage system so sophisticated that we still struggle to achieve it today. Here was a network of sewers, clogged and choked, designed to expel filthy water—something that remains a dream for many modern cities today. Who were these people? How did they live? How did they manage to accomplish all this? What kind of city did they build, a metropolis? It spread widely, reached its peak, and then simply vanished. No major marks of war remained. Not the grand palaces or tombs of kings and maharajas, nor any book that could tell their story. Just a mysterious one. What happened to those millions of people, which has puzzled historians and archaeologists for thousands of years? Where did they go? Was this the result of some terrible bond or drought? A remnant of a pandemic? Today, we will turn the dusty pages of history and take you on a journey back in time, uncovering the complete story of the Harappan civilization—from their glorious rise to their mysterious and sudden decline. If you're a lover of mysteries and wish to uncover India's greatest secret from its glorious past, stay with us, because the truth will leave you stunned. Before moving forward, I have one small request: please watch the video till the end, because today we're embarking on a unique journey through our history. For videos like this, we spend hours conducting research. If you enjoyed it, please like it and Around the year 1826, a British explorer named Charles Masson was passing near the Sahiwal district of Punjab. His gaze fell upon a tall dune built in a desolate place, scattered around which were strange, baked clay bricks. The villagers were using those iron rods, believing them to be a gift from God, for building their homes. Mason mentioned it in his book, but nobody paid much attention to his words. In 1856, British engineers John and William Burton were laying a railway line from Karachi to Lahore. They needed stones for the track. At that moment, someone informed them about the ruins of the nearby village of Harappa. For the Burton brothers, it was like a treasure. Without thinking twice, they started burying those ancient pillars beneath the railway tracks. They were completely unaware that they were permanently erasing the ancestors of one of the world's oldest and most advanced civilizations. After this incident, Alexander Cunningham, the first Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India, visited this site several times during the 1850s and 1870s. They found some unique seals there, inscribed with unknown script and featuring an image of a bull. Cunningham grasped the significance of these objects, but he still could not fully comprehend their immense size and antiquity. In 1921, under the direction of Sir John Marshall, Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India, Indian archaeologist Dayaram Sahni initiated a systematic excavation at Harappa. As the layers of earth were removed, a complete city plan began to emerge. Planned roads, rows of houses, drainage systems—this was no ordinary village. But the story did not end here. The following year, in 1922, a further archaeologist, Rakhal Das Bandyopadhyay, was searching for a Buddhist stupa in the Larkana district of Sindh Province, approximately 590 kilometers away from Harappa. During the excavation, they found the same type of seals and inscriptions beneath the stupa as had been discovered in the Harappan sites. They immediately informed John Marshall. When Marshall compared the artifacts recovered from both locations, his mind was stunned. He realized When they compared the sites, their minds were blown. This was no separate land or city. It was part of the same great and ancient civilization. The name of that other city was Mohenjo-daro, which in the Sindhi language means "Mound of the Dead." The name was given because Numerous human skeletons were found on a hillside there. This discovery pushed Indian history back by thousands of years. The world learned that while great civilizations were flourishing in Egypt and Mesopotamia, India too had a civilization at exactly the same time. After that, as if the roots of exploration had taken hold, cities began to appear one after another. Lothal and Dholavira in Gujarat, Kalibangan in Rajasthan, Rakhigarhi in Haryana, and Chanhudaro in Pakistan. To date, more than 1,500 sites of this civilization have been discovered. This question takes us even further back. A place where the seeds of this great assembly were sown. Harappan civilization did not emerge from nowhere. Around 9,000 years ago, roughly 7000 BCE In Mehargarh, some of the earliest farmers and herders of South Asia began settling. These people were moving toward a settled life, leaving behind their hunter-gatherer lifestyle. They cultivated crops such as wheat and barley for the first time in the world and began raising sheep, goats, and cattle. At first, they lived in simple houses made of raw clay bricks. For thousands of years, Mehrgarh gradually developed. They learned to make pottery from clay. Mastered the art of crafting awjars, and in some cases, awjars, jewelry, and sacrificed goats were even buried alongside the deceased. Mehrgarh was not a solitary shining star. Gradually, the attention and techniques of these cultures began to spread toward the vast, fertile plains of the Indus and its tributary rivers. By 3300 BCE, we enter a new phase known as the Early Harappan period. During this time, small villages began transforming into larger towns. These people learned several essential skills that would shape the future. Beautiful ornamental designs began to appear on the pottery, and they started using metals such as copper and bronze. A kind of trade network also began to emerge, through which valuable stones such as lapis lazuli were obtained. And the second raw material began to arrive from remote regions. Another characteristic of this period was increasing emphasis on security. Walls started being built around many settlements, likely for protection against external attacks or wild animals. On which a magnificent urban residential building was to be erected. But then something happened that suddenly accelerated the pace of this development. A revolution took place that transformed these small towns into some of the most meticulously planned cities in the world. What was it, after all? It takes us straight into the most magnificent era of the Haddapapa Sabsitaa. Around 2600 BCE, an extraordinary urban civilization emerged in the Indus Valley. This was the time when Sobbhita reached her peak and spread across a vast area. From Jammu and Kashmir in the north to Maharashtra in the south, and from Uttar Pradesh in the east to the Iran border in the west. It was far larger than the entire fertile region of Egypt and Mesopotamia at that time. There were thousands of settlements in this vast empire, including villages, towns, and large metropolitan cities. But what was daily life like inside these great cities? How did they manage to build such precise cities without any modern technology? And was there truly any power in their possession that remains a mystery even to today's scientists? The grandeur of the Harappan civilization lay not only in its urban planning, but also in the minds of the people who walked the streets of Mohenjo-daro over 4,500 years ago. In the previous part, we examined their decline, but now we shall discuss that period when this civilization was in its golden age. Imagine you are standing on a straight road in the Lohar Town of Mohenjo-daro. On both sides of you are two- or three-storey houses made of baked bricks. Every brick here is in a fixed proportion, whether you are in this corner of the city or thousands of miles away. Underneath the house, you see that the house is built around a courtyard resembling a beach. Each house has its own kitchen, its own bathroom, and most astonishingly, each house has its own private well and an advanced toilet system. This was 4,500 years ago. While people in other parts of the world probably didn't even know the meaning of cleanliness, here the drains were clogged and manholes were placed at regular intervals so that cleaning could be carried out. This is the engineering marvel that even today's modern cities cannot match. They were not merely farmers; they were also exceptional jewelers and engineers. In Lothal, Gujarat, we have discovered the world's oldest dockyard, or port. From here, their ships would descend via the Sabarmati River into the Arabian Sea, embarking on journeys that lasted for months. They used to go as far as Mesopotamia. Ancient books from Mesopotamia mention a place called Meluhha, which in fact was the name of our own Indus Valley Civilization. The kings there received from here ivory, gold, copper, and precious stones such as lapis They demanded lapis lazuli. To maintain honesty in trade, these people They had constructed stone steps that were multiples of sixteen. This system was so precise Even thousands of kilometers away, weight remained the same. Not only their trade, but their craftsmanship still leaves us amazed today. In cities like Chanhu-daro and Lothal, there were large-scale factories for crafting ornaments, where they carved precious stones into exquisite jewelry that could easily surpass any luxury brand today. The dancing girl statue found at Mohenjo-daro shows how skilled they were in the art of melting metal and casting it into molds. And their greatest achievement was their seals. Thousands of these seals were made from clay and stone, featuring a bull with a single horn. There are pictures of an elephant and a garden. And written above them is a mysterious script that no renowned scholar in the world has been able to read to this day. The day this script is deciphered, we will know what those people were talking about among themselves. They believed in nature and yoga. The worship of the peepal tree and the symbol of health have been passed down to us as their legacy. They were peace-loving people, as very few weapons of war were found during excavations. But then, what could have happened? It is said that this hasty game played and the wealthy Subhita suddenly vanished from the pages of history. The roads began to crack, the drains started to clog, and people began leaving the cities. It was previously claimed that the Aryans attacked and wiped them out, but modern science has proven this theory to be incorrect. The real villain was climate change. The rivers, which had been their lifelines, had changed their course. This reminds us that no matter how modern we may become, we remain fragile in the face of nature. They faced climate change and ultimately lost. Today, as we once again grapple with the same global warming and drying rivers crisis, the ruins of Harappa silently warn us. Will we be able to hear their warning? Friends, if you enjoyed this journey through India's glorious and mysterious past, please like and share this video. Your connection to the soil is your true identity. Thank you for staying with us.