The Kóryos Bronze Age Europe s Most Lethal Warriors

Genetic analysis of ancient DNA revealed a stark "sex-biased" migration. While the paternal lineages (Y-chromosomes) of local European Neolithic farmers were almost entirely replaced by Yamnaya markers ($R1a$ and $R1b$), the maternal lineages (mitochondrial DNA) showed significant continuity. This indicates that the initial migration was overwhelmingly male, with incoming steppe men pairing with indigenous farming women.