Two Portraits of Charlemagne

A short video essay describing the changes in illustrations of Charlemagne throughout the Middle Ages. Sources are included at the end of the video and here in the description:
1 Wilson, Peter. Heart of Europe: A History of the Holy Roman Empire, 2020, pp. 697.
2 Wilson, Peter. Heart of Europe: A History of the Holy Roman Empire, 2020, pp. 24-26.
3 Eginardus of Seligenstadt, et al. Two Lives of Charlemagne, Penguin, 1981. 4
4 Eginardus of Seligenstadt, et al. Two Lives of Charlemagne, Penguin, 1981. pp. 34
5 Davis, Jennifer R. “CHARLEMAGNE’S PORTRAIT COINAGE AND IDEAS OF RULERSHIP AT THE CAROLINGIAN COURT.” pp. 19.
6 Sekules, Veronica. Medieval Art. Oxford University Press, 2001, pp. 160
7 Wilson, Peter. Heart of Europe: A History of the Holy Roman Empire, 2020, pp. 267-268.
8 Ailes, Adrian "The Attributed Arms of Charlemagne, 1200-1500". University of Bristol's blog network, 2016. pp. 1-3
9 Nickel, Helmut. “Notes on Arthurian Heraldry: The Retroactive System in The ‘Armagnac’ Armorial.” Quondam et Futurus, vol. 3, no. 3, 1993, pp. 3.
10 Caldwell, Mary Channen. “Flower of the Lily’: Late-Medieval Religious and Heraldric Symbolism in Paris, Bibliotheque Nationale de France,
MS Francais 146.” Early Music History, vol. 33, 2014, pp. 18.

Additional Sources:
Nees, Lawrence. Early Medieval Art. Oxford University Press, 2002.
Anonymous. The Song of Roland. Translated by Glyn Burgess, Penguin, 1990.

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