Complete Medieval History | Maharanas of Mewar: Part 2 | LEC 24 | History for UPSC 2026 By Alok Ojha

Hello friends. Good afternoon. Am I audible and visible? Somebody please ping me so that I can begin with today's session. Yes, Aditya. Jai Mewar. Yes. Am I audible and visible, guys? Yes, guys. Somebody please ping me so that I can begin with today's session. Okay, everyone. Hi, this is Alok Hoja. Welcome to StudyIQ IAS English. Ancient playlist is not available. It is available, my friend. Okay. Yes, there are certain topics of ancient India. Do not worry about this. There are certain topics of ancient India, precisely speaking Satvahan, Kushan, Sakas. I would be completing that. In fact, even there are certain topics of modern India also as a part of the playlist which are not complete. So, I'll be completing that very soon. Okay, Aditya. So, please do not worry about that. Okay. Thanks, Aditya. So, now let's begin with Rana Sangha. You can see the pic of Rana Sangha that is flashing on the screen right now. Okay. You can observe one thing in the pic of Rana Sangha that Rana Sangha, he did not have one eye and he did not have one arm. And it is believed that one of his brothers, particularly Prithviraj, okay, he was so hungry for power that he had a battle with his brother whose name was Rana Sangha. And it is said that in that battle, Rana Sangha lost one of his eye and one of his arm. But still Rana Sangha is considered as one of the most important and brave warriors of the Mewar. So, yesterday we had started with Maharanas of Mewar and we have taken into glimpse about the few Maharanas of that time. Okay. So, I'll give you a very small example. There was a dynasty which is referred as Gohila dynasty. And Gohila dynasty was being established by Bappa Rawal. Okay. It was being established by Bappa Rawal. And the second branch of the Gohila dynasty was Sisodia dynasty which was being established by Rana Hamir. So, precisely speaking, the major founder of the, what we say, Sisodia dynasty was Rana Hamir. And from year onwards, they followed a policy of expansionism and imperialism. As we had studied, Rana Hamirji, he was being succeeded by his son whose name was Rana Shetra Singh. Rana Shetra Singhji was succeeded by Rana Lakhaji. And as I have told you, how Rana Lakhaji was succeeded by his son, Rana Mokal. Correct? Like Rana Lakha, he had to enter into the policy of matrimonial alliances with Marwad. And the ruler of Marwad at that time, Ranamal, had put one condition in front of Rana Lakhaji. And what was that condition? That I will marry my sister Hansabai to you only under one pretext that Hansabai's son would become the next Rana. And in fact, there was a very competent person, one of the sons of Rana Lakha was Chunda. He was the most able, most competent. He left Chittorgarh but he vowed that whenever Chittorgarh will require my help, I am ready to, I am always ready to help out Chittorgarh. And he moved towards out of Chittorgarh and he formed Chundavat dynasty. Okay? Moving further, Rana Mokal sat on the throne and at the very young age of 24, Rana Mokal was being assassinated by his uncle, chacha and mera. After Rana Mokal comes Rana Kumbha who constructed the famous Kumbhalgarh port we had seen. Okay? Now, many historians believe that Rana Kumbha, he was being assassinated by one of his sons whose name was Rana Udaykaran. But in that case, Udaykaran or Uday Singh won. Okay? He sat on the throne not after the death of what we say Rana Kumbha. But in fact, it is said that he killed his father. Okay? He killed his father in that case. So, it is said that Rana Udaykaran killed his father Rana Kumbha to acquire the throne of Mewar. And there is a place called as Kumbhsham temple located in Chittorgarh. When Rana Kumbha was praying there, he was doing his prayers, evening prayers, he was being killed by his son Rana Udaykaran. Okay? Why? Because Rana Udaykaran felt that, it is said that Rana Kumbha will give the throne to his younger brother whose name was Rana Raimal. So, he killed his father, Rana Kumbha. Later on, Rana Udaykaran, he was being succeeded by whom? He was being succeeded by Rana Raimal. And during the time of Rana Raimal, it is said that Rana Raimal had four sons. One was Prithviraj, Jaimal, Shesh and Rana Sanghaji. So, try and understand the story in a systematic manner. After Rana Kumbha, who came to power? Rana Udaykaran. Uday Singh won. He came to power by killing his own father. After him comes to power his, what we say, younger brother and the younger son of Rana Kumbha whose name was Rana Raimal. Rana Raimal had specifically four sons. Prithviraj, Jaimal, Shesh and Rana Sanghaji. At that time, there was a person referred as Rao Surajmal. He had conquered the region of Sadri. He had conquered the town of Sadri which was located quite close to Chittorgarh. And it is said that Prithvirajji, one of the sons of whom? Rana Raimal. He defeated Surajmal in the battle of Sadri, okay, and acquired the town of Sadri. This person Surajmal, he fled away to the region of Pratapgarh. And now let us come to Rana Sangha. Hope you understood the part still here. Is there any query, any doubt, any question? Please let me know. Yes, Nivedita, good afternoon. Yes, Rishiji, good afternoon. Hope you understood this part. So, first was, yes, we have seen Bappa Rawal followed by Rana Hamir, Shetra Singh, Rana Lakha, Rana Mokal, Rana Kumbha, Rana Udaykaran Singh and Rana Raimal. And now comes one of the most important ruler whose name was Rana Sangha. So, Rana Sangha, he was born in 1482. And Rana Sangha's father's name was Rana Raimal. His mother was a Jhalawar princess, okay, from the neighbouring kingdom of Jhalawar. His mother belonged to the region of Jhalawar, okay. Now, it is said that Rana Raimal had four sons, Prithvirajji, Jaimal, Shesh and Rana Sangha, okay. Now, after the death of Rana Raimal, there was a complete chaotic situation. And there was a continuous karmish, there was a continuous fight between the brothers, particularly of whom? Between the brothers of, what we say, among the brothers, that is, Prithviraj, Jaimal, Shesh and Rana Sangha. So, Prithviraj, he was so hungry for power that he tried to assassinate, he tried to kill his own brother, Rana Sanghaji. And in that case, Prithviraj was being supported by whom? The other two brothers. One was, what we say, Raimal and the other, sorry, one was Jaimal, other was Shesh. So, both of them assisted whom? Prithviraj, okay. Please do not get confused. Rana Raimal had four sons, Prithviraj, Jaimal, Shesh and Rana Sangha. After death of Rana Raimal, there began struggle for power between these four brothers. The elder brother, Prithvirajji, was so hungry for power that he tried to assassinate, he tried to kill his own brother, whose name was Rana Sangha. And in that case, he was being supported by his other two brothers, that is, Shesh and Jaimal. It is said that in this battle, Rana Sangha lost one of his eye and he lost one of his arms. But finally, what happened? It is said that he defeated his brothers with the help of one, what we say, loyal soldiers and other Rajput rulers. One among them was, particularly, Karamchand Pawar from the region of Ajmer. He supported Rana Sangha and after supporting Rana Sangha, it is believed that he defeated his brother, whose name was Prithvirajji and established himself as the new ruler of the region of Mewar. So, this is how Rana Sangha, he became the new ruler of Mewar. The books of history, they mention one important thing, Battle of Khanwa. And I will tell you one important aspect. The last ruler of Lodi dynasty was Ibrahim Lodi. And when we study about Ibrahim Lodi and when we study about the advent of Mughals in India, arrival of Babur in India, we come to know about one important fact. And what is that one important fact? Every book narrates one simple story that Babur was invited to India by whom? Daulat Khan Lodi, one of the governors of Punjab. Alam Khan, one of the uncles of, what we say, Ibrahim Lodi. And third one was Rana Sangha. But this is not the truth. In fact, Babur wrote his, what we say, biography, which is referred as Baburnama or Tuzuke Babri in Turkish language. And Babur himself mentions that he was not invited to India by Rana Sangha of Mewar. Okay. See, Rana Sangha of Mewar, he himself was extending the territories of Mewar. He was following the policy of expansionism and imperialism. Why would he invite Babur? First thing. So, in that case, it is mentioned that he did not invite Babur. It is mentioned in Tuzuke Babri. Okay. So, let's understand about Rana Sangha of Mewar. Like, is it true that Rana Sangha of Mewar and Babur fought only one battle that is called as Battle of Khanwa? Prior to this, there was one more battle fought or not? Apart from this, did Rana Sangha of Mewar fight any other battles with Ibrahim Lodi? Let's explore. Now, there were two major battles that was being fought between Rana Sangha of Mewar and Ibrahim Lodi. Guys, we have seen Delhi Sultanate in quite depth and detail. And I have told you about the three important rulers of Lodi dynasty. One ruler was, the founder was Behlo Lodi who ruled for the longest time, 38 years. He was followed by Nizam Khan who is also referred as Sikandar Lodi. The most powerful rulers of the entire Lodi dynasty. And he was being succeeded by Ibrahim Lodi. Now, if I talk about Ibrahim Lodi, Ibrahim Lodi was a very cruel ruler. He used to openly humiliate, he used to openly insult the nobles. Like, as I have told you, particularly he had insulted whom? He had insulted Alam Khan, his uncle. He had insulted, what we say, Dilawar Khan Lodi. He had insulted, what we say, Daulat Khan Lodi. He had humiliated every one of them. So, everyone now wanted to replace the rule of Ibrahim Lodi. And Rana Sangha and Ibrahim Lodi at that time fought two major battles. One was fought in 1517 and the second one was fought in 1519. The first battle that was fought between Rana Sangha and Ibrahim Lodi was Battle of Khatoli. It is in 1517. Now, what is this battle all about and how Ibrahim Lodi lost the battle? Rana Sangha of Mewar, after coming to power, it is said that Mewar at that time which majorly acquired, which majorly occupied the region of South Central Rajasthan such as Pratapgarh, Chittorgarh, Raj Samandh, Udaipur. So, he was following the policy of imperialism and he was following the policy of expansionism at that time. Many historians do write that during the time of Rana Sangha of Mewar, his territories extended till the western part of UP. And probably, now Rana Sangha of Mewar had a plan to capture the region of Agra. Apart from Delhi, the most important second base was Agra. And as I have told you, the city, who laid the foundation of the city of Agra? It was being laid down by Sikandar Lodi. Correct? So, Agra was the second most important base of the Lodis. And since the major part of western UP was being occupied by Rana Sangha Ji, the next target might be Agra. So, Ibrahim Lodi thought that before Rana Sangha captures the region of Agra, I will attack the region of Mewar and acquire it. So, Ibrahim Lodi attacked the region of Mewar around the village called as Khatoli. And he was very severely defeated and he was taken as a prisoner. Later on, he was being released by Rana Sangha Ji. Now, this was a very humiliating and a very insulting defeat for this person. And so, since it was a humiliating defeat, he wanted to take the revenge. Two years later, in 1519, another important battle was fought between Rana Sangha Ji and Ibrahim Lodi. And that battle was Battle of Dhaulpur. Dhaulpur is again located in Rajasthan. Okay? Again, this person Ibrahim Lodi was being defeated. Okay? So, here he was being defeated twice. First, in the Battle of Khatoli, which took place in 1517. Second, he was defeated in Battle of Dhaulpur, which took place in 1519. So, Ibrahim Lodi was being defeated by Rana Sangha. Okay? Now, Rana Sangha, indirectly, he had a war with whom? Muzaffar Shah. Who was Muzaffar Shah? Muzaffar Shah was the ruler of Gujarat Sultanate. Now, why there was a war between, what we say, indirect war, particularly between the Gujarat Sultanate and the, what we say, Rana Sangha Ji? There was a reason. And that reason was the region of Idar. What is Idar? Suppose, this is Gujarat. Okay? To the north of Gujarat, particularly. Okay? Rather than saying Gujarat, suppose this is the region of Idar. This is the region of Idar. To the north of Idar was Mewar. And to the south of Idar, it was Gujarat Sultanate. And Idar was a small Rajput, what we say, principality. And after the death of the founder of the, what we say, Idar dynasty, what happened? There was war of succession that was being going on. And this, what we say, this, what we say, culminated further into three battles. And all the three battles are referred as Battle of Idar. In which Rana Sangha and the Gujarat Sultanate ruler, both were participants. How? Let s explore this. Yes, Shivakaran, hi, good afternoon. These topics are very important. Like, as I ve told you, many of the aspirants have asked me a question on telegram. Sir, is it necessary to read the Mewar? Is it necessary to read the Gujarat Sultanate, Malwa Sultanate? My friends, before I answer this question, I ll be answering this question on Monday. Sir, is it necessary or directly we can cover Delhi Sultanate and Mughal? And is it necessary to go through Vijayanagar? Is it necessary to go through Bahamani, the rulers of Mewar? I ll answer this question on Monday. Tomorrow is Sunday. Just do one thing, guys. See past 10 years paper of UPSC, CDS, NDA, and what we say CAPF, Assistant Commandant. And then I ll answer this question on Monday. Okay. So, now let s continue with the video. So, Idar. Idar, it is located in Gujarat. To the north of Idar was Mewar. To the south of Idar was Gujarat Sultanate. Got it? Now, how it culminated into three battles and how Rana Sangha Ji and Gujarat Sultanate ruler, they got involved in this battle, let s understand. So, for this, you need to understand this simple fact. Okay. Pay attention carefully. Okay. Please do not get confused. Idar dynasty ruler was Raobhan. Now, Raobhan had two sons. Elder son was Surajmal. Okay. And second was Bhim. So, after the death of Raobhan, who came to power? His elder son came to power. What was the name elder son? His elder son name was Surajmal. Okay. After some time, Surajmal passed away. Surajmal died. And when Surajmal died, what happened? His minor son, Raimal, sat on the throne. Please understand in a step-by-step manner, I am going very gradually for easier understanding of the concept. Okay. Ruler of Idar was Raobhan. Raobhan had two sons, Surajmal and Bhim. Okay. After death of Raobhan, his elder son Surajmal sat on the throne. After some time, Surajmal passed away. He died. He was being succeeded by his minor son whose name was Raimal. And when Raimal sat on the throne, this was not liked by his uncle Bhim. So, what happened? This person, his uncle Bhim, deposed Raimal and he sat on the throne. Okay. He sat on the throne. And when he sat on the throne, he ruled for few days, few months. After some time, Bhim also passed away and Bhim's son, Bharmal, he sat on the throne. So, obviously, he was sitting on the throne. Forcefully, it was being taken away from him by his uncle Bhim. After his death, what will happen? After Bhim's death, his son Bharmal has sat on the throne. So, obviously, there is going to be battle between two cousin brothers, Raimal and Bharmal. And Raimal was here supported by Rana Sanga and Bharmal was supported by Gujarat Sultanate. So, indirectly, Rana Sangaji and Gujarat Sultanate ruler Muzaffar Shah got involved in the battle. Hope you understood, guys. Please do not get confused. I will explain the points again. Okay. I am going in a step-by-step manner for easier understanding. Okay. Just a second. As I have told you, Idar dynasty. Idar was a small Rajput principality which ruled in the region of Gujarat. To the north of Idar was Mewar. To the south of Idar was Gujarat Sultanate. Precisely speaking, yes, precisely speaking, Muzaffari the dynasty. Okay. Now, let us understand. Idar dynasty's ruler was Raobhan. Raobhan had two sons, Surajmal and Bhim. After the death of Raobhan, his elder son Surajmal sat on the throne. After death of Surajmal, his minor son Raimal sat on the throne. And when Raimal sat on the throne, this was not liked by his uncle named as Bhim. So, Raimal was being deposed by Bhim. And Bhim now sat on the throne. Okay. After ruling for few days, after ruling for few months, Bhim passed away. Bhim was succeeded by his son, Bharmal. Okay. And when Bharmal sat on the throne, what will happen now? Obviously, there is going to be tussle between two cousin brothers. One was Raimal, second was Bharmal. Raimal was supported by Rana Sangha and Bharmal was being supported by Gujarat Sultanate ruler Muzaffar Shah too. This is how Rana Sangha ji of Mewar and the ruler of Gujarat, they fell in indirect battle with each other. And there were three battles. First battle of Idar, second battle of Idar and third battle of Idar. Yes, Arjun Malji, good afternoon. So, hope you understood till here. Okay. Now, let's move further. First battle of Idar. As I have told you, Bhim, he killed Raimal. He sat on the throne. Not killed Raimal, he deposed Raimal. He sat on the throne. After his death, his son Bharmal sat on the throne. Immediately, what happened? Okay. Immediately at that time, the person Raimal, he approached Rana Sangha of Mewar and he seeked help from Rana Sangha of Mewar against his brother, cousin brothers Bharmal. Rana Sangha of Mewar was now ready to help Raimal. And in that case, Raimal was being aided and assisted by Rana Sangha of Mewar and Bharmal was defeated in first battle of Idar. Okay. So, who sat on the throne of Idar now? Raimal. Okay. So, specifically speaking, the first battle of Idar was in favour of Raimal. Now, comes the second battle of Idar. Now, what happened? As soon as this person, Bharmal was being defeated, he ran away to Gujarat Sultanate because he knew that Rana Sangha is not going to help him because Rana Sangha has helped his cousin brother Raimal. So, he is not going to help him out. So, this person Bharmal, he approached the ruler of Gujarat whose name was Muzaffar Shahattu. Now, the Gujarat ruler Muzaffar Shahattu, he was ready to help Bharmal. So, he sent one of his commanders whose name was Nizam-ul-Mulk to defeat whom? Raimal. Raimal was now defeated. And in second battle, Bharmal emerged victorious. Okay. I repeat the point again. In first battle of Idar, Raimal was supported by Rana Sangha and he emerged victorious. Okay. Second, in second battle of Idar, what happened? Bharmal, the defeated king, he approached Muzaffar Shahattu. Who was he? The Gujarat Sultanate ruler. Okay. And he supported Bharmal. And in the second battle of Idar, Raimal was defeated. Now, again what will happen? Raimal will go to Rana Sangha. So, that is nothing but third battle of Idar. Now, what happened? Raimal again approached Rana Sangha of Mewar against Bharmal. And Bharmal now knew this that single-handedly I cannot fight Raimal and Rana Sangha of Mewar. So, again I will require the help of Gujarat Sultanate. So, on one side were Raimal and Rana Sangha of Mewar. On the second side was Bharmal and the other team was Bharmal s plus what you say Gujarat Sultanate ruler. Now, Gujarat Sultanate ruler initially he dispatched Nizam-ul-Mulk. He was being defeated. After that he dispatched Nasrat-ul-Mulk. He was being defeated. So, in that case what happened? Finally, the ruler of Idar was Raimal because he was assisted by Rana Sangha of Mewar. Is the Idar part clear? Did you understand how Rana Sangha ji of Mewar got involved into an indirect battle with Gujarat Sultanate? Did you understand the points? Please let me know. Okay, Aditya. Thanks a lot. It is the duty of every one of us to respect our rulers, our kings, our national heroes. Okay. So, I am not doing something different but I am respecting the rulers, those who have given their blood and sweat for this country. Okay. Thank you Aditya for this. So, hope you understood this about Rana Sangha ji of Mewar. Okay. So, this was about, we have discussed about Rana Sangha ji of Mewar, how he came to power by defeating his brother Prithviraj. We have discussed two battles. That is battle of, what we say, Khatoli and battle of Dhaulpur. Both the battles were fought between Rana Sangha ji and Ibrahim Lodi. Then Idar dynasty succession war in which Rana Sangha ji was indirectly included in the war against Gujarat Sultanate. So, we have tried to study this in a step-by-step manner. Now, let us move on with battle of Gagran. Now, battle of Gagran, it was fought in 1519. And I will give you very small example. First battle of Panipat, it was fought in 1526. And the first battle of Panipat was fought between Babar and Ibrahim Lodi. But at that time, particularly speaking, what happens here, although this battle, battle of Gagran was fought in 1519, what happened here? Already Babar had major plans to acquire the region of north of India. Although he came in 1526, but still he was having an eye over India from 1512 itself. So, at that time, Rana Sangha of Mewar, he was trying to create alliances with the different Rajput rulers. He was trying to create alliances with the neighbouring kingdoms, either through matrimonial alliances policy or through the policy of, what we say, feudatories and so on. So, there was ruler of Malwa whose name was Medini Rao. Particularly, he was a ruler of Chanderi. So, Chanderi region is an extension of Malwa. I have told you many times about the location of Malwa, strategic location of Malwa. Correct? So, what happened? Like Malwa, it is located in western part of Madhya Pradesh. Northern part is referred as Chambal and Bundelkhand. Southern part is referred as Nimad. Western part is referred as Malwa. And the extension of Malwa is Chanderi. The ruler of Chanderi was Medini Rai or Medini Rao, we can say. Okay? Now, what happened? At that time, as I have told you, Rana Sangha Ji, he was making alliances. Why? Because he knew that if there is any probable attack by any other Islamic invader at that time, Rana Sangha Ji will have good alliances with other rulers. So, he had made an alliance with Medini Rao Ji. At that time, the Malwa Sultanate ruler was Mehmood Khilji. And Mehmood Khilji did not like this. And he started interfering with Medini Rao. So, it was thought by Rana Sangha Ji, it is necessary to teach lesson to Mehmood Khilji, the Malwa Sultanate ruler. So, it is believed that the Malwa Sultanate ruler was being attacked by Rana Sangha Ji in which he lost the battle. And Rana Sangha Ji emerged victorious. Mehmood, he was taken as a prisoner initially and was later on being released. In fact, Mehmood Khilji was so astonished by the bravery and the warriorship qualities of Rana Sangha Ji that he gifted him a crown and a belt. And that crown and belt he had inherited from his ancestors, particularly from the Hosang Shah and so on. So, this is nothing but battle of Gagron which was fought between Maharana or Rana Sangha Ji and second one was, yes, Mehmood Khilji. So, hope you understood in simple words. I will repeat the point again. No, no, no. Shiva, this is not Nizam-ul-Mulk from the region of Hyderabad. It is a different person. Okay. So, he was a military commander. So, do not worry. He is a different person. In fact, Rana Sangha Ji of Mewar wanted to teach a lesson to Mehmood Khilji. Why? Mehmood Khilji was interfering with Medini Rao Ji who was the ruler of Chanderi. And in fact, Rana Sangha Ji was creating alliances so that he can protect his kingdom from the, what we say, Islamic invaders. And in that case, Mehmood Khilji did not like this. So, what happened? Rana Sangha Ji wanted to teach a lesson to Mehmood Khilji. So, a battle took which is referred as battle of Gagron, 1519 in which Mehmood Khilji was being defeated. Clear? Now, let us come to battle of Bayana and battle of Khanwa. Is it clear? Yes, guys. Please, somebody answer in the comment section. Is it clear? Do you want me to explain either of the part again? I will explain that. Is it clear? But I do not want anyone's, what we say, concepts that are not clear. So, I want everyone's concept to be crystal clear. Clear? Yes, Maharaja Vistas. Good afternoon. Okay. Now, let us understand about battle of Bayana. Now, before, do not worry about this. We are going to study about the Mughal emperors in quite depth and detail. Okay. We will study Babur in quite depth and detail. It will take approximately one to one and a half hour just to explain the strategies that were being adopted by Babur. Now, I will give you a small hint. Babur ascended the throne at the very young age of 12 to 14 around the region of Fargana. Later on, he established himself in the region of Kabul. Like many historians believe that the Mughals had the lineage of the Mongols. Okay. Like Babur, he belonged to the mixed lineage of Changes Khan and second was Timur. So, it is said that from the side of his father, he came from the lineage of Timur and from the side of his mother, he came from the lineage of Changes Khan, Babur. So, he ascended the throne at Fargana. Later on, he established himself at Kabul. And as I have told you, Daulat Khan Lodi, Dilawar Khan Lodi and Alam Khan invited Babur to invade India. Okay. At that time, Ibrahim Lodi was the last ruler of the Lodi dynasty. Ibrahim Lodi had, like specifically, he had an army of 1 lakh, what we say, warriors. There were 1 lakh soldiers approximately. This is about the infantry. Then there was a cavalry. There was elephant section. And Babur, he had an infantry of merely 15 to 20 thousand. But why was Babur successful? There was one reason. Many historians believe that Babur, he had come up with a technique and that technique was called as Tuluguma technique. We will study about the Tuluguma technique in depth and detail when we will study about Babur. And this technique of Tuluguma, Babur had learnt from Battle of Saripul. Now, Battle of Saripul or Battle of Transoxiana, it was fought between Babur and Saibani Khan. And in fact, Babur had lost that battle. Why did Babur lose that battle? Because of this technique, Tuluguma technique. Tuluguma technique was being used by Saibani Khan against Babur. So, Babur learnt that technique and he had deployed this technique in India now. So, in first Battle of Panipat, he used Tuluguma technique. And just with a small army of 15 to 20 thousand, he defeated the huge army of Ibrahim Lodi. Apart from this, he came with gunpowder, he came with cannons, he had a breed of camels that is referred as Zamburak. So, all these things were an added edge and advantage for Babur. And Ibrahim Lodi now defeated whom? Ibrahim Lodi was, sorry, Ibrahim Lodi was now defeated by Babur in the first Battle of Panipat. Now, Babur, he wanted to destroy Rana Sangha Ji. Why? There was a reason, Agra. Now, particularly, as I have told you, from the time of Sikandar Lodi, apart from Delhi, Agra also had its military and strategic importance. And at that time, Agra was under an Afghan whose name was Nizam Khan. Initially, like till the first Battle of Panipat, this person, Afghan Nizam Khan, he was opposed to Babur. But after first Battle of Panipat, he saw the strength, he saw the vigour, valour, courage, tactics, techniques of Babur. And so what happened? At that time, Nizam Khan, he joined hands with Babur. And now, it is said that Rana Sangha Ji of Mewar wanted to acquire the region of Agra. And since Rana Sangha Ji of Mewar wanted to acquire the region of Agra, Babur was like, he was alerted at this time. Rana Sangha Ji, with an army of few men, he acquired the region of Agra. And just near the Agra, there is a place called as Fort of Bayana. A fierce battle was fought between Babur and Rana Sangha Ji of Mewar in which Babur, he did not only face defeat, he faced a humiliating defeat at the hands of Rana Sangha Ji of Mewar. And this is referred as Battle of Bayana in which Agra was being occupied. The Fort of Bayana was being occupied which is located near Agra by Rana Sangha Ji of Mewar. You know what is the irony? After Battle of Panipat, our books of history have directly glorified the Battle of Khanwa. But very few texts, very few books have mentioned about the Battle of Bayana which was fought between, what we say, immediately after the First Battle of Panipat and before the commencement of Battle of Khanwa. Like the books have glorified those battles in which Babur emerged victorious. But one more thing to be noted here, and what was that? The Battle of Bayana. In Battle of Bayana, Rana Sangha Ji of Mewar, he emerged victorious. And now, Babur now decided to overthrow the rule of, what we say, Rana Sangha Ji, particularly from the region of Mewar. And then another battle which is referred as Battle of Khanwa which was fought in 1527. Now Babur had fought four major battles in India. Battle of Panipat, Battle of Khanwa, Battle of Malwa or Chanderi, Battle of Ghagra. So, in 1527, Battle of Khanwa was fought between the forces of Babur and Rana Sangha Ji, also referred as Maharana Sangram Singh Ji. Now what happened further, let us understand. Now after defeat at Bayana, Rana Sangha Ji thought that this person, Babur, will go back to his country, Kabul. But at this particular point of time, to the astonishment of Rana Sangha Ji, Babur was planning another attack near Agra at a place called as Khanwa against whom? Rana Sangha Ji. So, at this particular point of time, as I have told you, there were many people who were ready, there were many Rajput rulers, there were many Rajput nobles who were ready to help whom? Rana Sangha Ji. Hence, he was creating an alliance initially itself. So, I will give you very few examples. Mehmood Lodi, the younger brother of Sikandar Lodi, sorry, younger son of Sikandar Lodi, he also joined Rana Sangha. Okay. Rulers of different places such as Sirohi, Jalore, Dungarpur, what we say, Medinirai of Chanderi, Ambar, they also supported whom? They supported Rana Sangha of Mewar in Battle of Khanwa. Apart from this, there was a Muslim person referred as Hassan Khan Mewati. He also supported Rana Sangha Ji of Mewar against Babur. But one of the major point at this was Babur had taken a vow. And it is said that he asked all the Muslim rulers, rather it be Turkish, Afghans to support him. And he asked that if I defeat Rana Sangha Ji of Mewar in Battle of Khanwa, okay, I will, what we say, remit the Jangha. Jangha was a tax that was imposed on the Muslims. I will give them back. First thing. Secondly, he took a vow that I won't consume alcohol till I defeat the army of Rana Sangha. That was a vow taken by Babur. Now, Rana Sangha Ji, he had created huge alliances and he had an army of 1,50,000 approximately. Okay. But what happened? As I have told you, Babur, he was technically, he was strategically and tactically more ahead. How? Zamburak breed of horses, cannons, more focus on cavalrymen in comparison to the elephants. Apart from this Tuluguma technique through which he defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the first battle of Panipat. And now he had expert, what we say, artillerymen like Ustad and Mustafa. Okay. So, Ustad Ali and Mustafa, they were expert in artillery. They were expert in firing cannons. Okay. So, at this point of time, Rana Sangha Ji, he like, he got badly injured in the battlefield. And many of them says that there was a Chundawat dynasty warrior whose name was Silhadi Tomar. Initially, he had sided with Rana Sangha Ji of Mewar. But later on, he betrayed Rana Sangha Ji of Mewar and sided with Babur. And hence Rana Sangha Ji of Mewar, he, what we say, was badly injured. And somebody has taken him away from the battlefield. Many historians also believe that Rana Sangha Ji of Mewar planned another attack on Babur. But he was being poisoned by his own men. So, historians have a dissenting opinion on this. So, this is about one of the major Maharanas of whom the Mewar region. And that is Rana Sangha Ji. Hope you understood about Rana Sangha Ji. We will study in quite depth and detail about another important ruler whose name is Maharana Pratap and we will study Akbar. I will give you short synopsis about Maharana Pratap because the books of history has glorified Akbar through Battle of Haldighati. And majority of the historians have said that Battle of Haldighati was a decisive battle. And they said that Akbar emerged victorious. But is that the truth that the Battle of Haldighati fought in 1576 was in favour of Akbar? Or was there any other battle fought after this? There was another battle that was fought after this in 1582, Battle of Dever. I will give you very small, what we say, example about this in short within next two to three minutes. And in depth we are going to cover it when we will study the Mughal Empire. Now, Maharana Pratap Ji, he also belonged to the Sisodia dynasty. Okay. So, Akbar, he was known for his policy of matrimonial alliances particularly with the Rajputs. And Akbar had lot many Rajput wives. Okay. He had lot many Rajput wives. So, majority of them accepted the suzerainty of Akbar except Maharana Pratap Ji who was ruling in the region of Chittorgarh. And at that time, Akbar sent delegation towards Maharana Pratap Ji for nine times. And on the tenth time, he directly attacked. Every time he used to send delegations to Maharana Pratap Ji, he knew one thing. Maharana Ji knew one thing that he is inviting battle with Akbar. And finally, the day came where both the armies, the army of Maharana Pratap Ji and Mughal Emperor Akbar met on the battlefield of Haldighati in 1576. Like Maharana Pratap Ji during the initial part of the battle was quite successful. Why? Because he was being supported by the Bhil tribe. Apart from this, Mughals majorly focused on the elephants. And elephants have one problem. When the elephants are confused, they start trembling down their own men. So, the Mughal army, it was taken into the narrow passes of Haldighati. So, during the initial part of the battle of Haldighati, battle was in favour of the Rajputs, particularly what we say Maharana Pratap Ji. But unfortunately, Chetak, one of the horses of Maharana Pratap Ji got injured. And when he got injured, what happened? Maharana Pratap Ji, he came from the back of the horse and he came on the ground. This was seen as an opportunity by Maan Singh and he attacked whom? Maharana Pratap Ji. So, immediately Maharana Pratap Ji sat on the back of his horse Chetak. He started running in the opposite direction. The horse crossed the seven feet river Kiran and he landed on the other side of the battlefield. The books of history have mentioned directly one thing. That year, battle of Haldighati is a decisive battle in the favour of Akbar. But is this a decisive battle? There is no outcome of this. Correct? It is an indecisive battle. In fact, battle of Dever, which was fought in 1582 was a decisive battle. Because after battle of Haldighati, it is said that around the region of Chittor, like basically, specifically, it is said that for the next six years, Maharana Pratap Ji gathered the Bheels. He was assisted financially. He was assisted, what do you say, monetarily by his minister whose name was Bahama Shah. And by then, Mughals had acquired 38 regions or territories around Chittorgarh. Finally, on the day of Vijayadashami, one of the sons, Amar Singh Ji of Maharana Pratap fought battle of Dever against the army of Mughals in which Mughals had to face a humiliating defeat. And Maharana Pratap Ji, like specifically, he was there till 1597. So, battle of Dever is not explained in the books of history. But battle of Haldighati is. So, this was again the warriorship of Maharana Pratap Ji. So, Sisodia dynasty has seen many warriors right from the start itself. Like Rana Hamir, Rana Lakha Ji, Rana Mokal Ji, Rana Kumbha Ji, Rana Sangha Ji, Maharana Pratap Ji and many more. So, this was a short video particularly on the Maharanas of the Mewar ruling in the region of Rajasthan. Hope you got the points guys. Is there any question, any query, any doubt? Please let me know. Yes, kids, it is enough for the examination. Yes, as I have told you, Aditya, there are few lessons left particularly in the Gupta Empire, after Gupta Empire. So, I would be covering that as well. Medieval Indian history, I am telling you one thing. Many of the aspirants in the start of the session itself, I have told you, many of the aspirants, they have majorly focused on Delhi Sultanate, Bhakti movement and Sufi movement and they are skipping the part of regional kingdoms. Please do not do this mistake. See, I am not saying that these kingdoms will come in the examination but it is our duty to understand everything in a systematic fashion. So, do not skip the part of Malwa Sultanate, Gujarat Sultanate and the, what we say, Maharanas of Mewar. Monday and Tuesday, I will be coming up with Vijayanagar and Bahamani Kingdom and then I will start with Mughals. Tomorrow is the last day for the July month batch and the admissions are closing tomorrow itself. So, the feast is quite affordable and pocket friendly. It is 9999 and the batch is solely in English medium which will cater to the needs particularly from the students of South India and North East. So, to avail the benefits of these batches, you can use the code ALOKLIFE which is flashing on your screen and many a times I have told you about these batches. Like particularly 1000 live plus recorded classes, 1000 hours, proper answer writing, 75 plus prelims test series, 12 plus mains test series, proper focus on current affairs, proper focus on CSAT, apart from this proper answer writing practice. So, all these things are being covered as a part of Resolution GS Foundation batch and the prices as I have told you are quite affordable in comparison to the hefty fees. Prices are 9999. So, you can use the code ALOKLIFE which is flashing on the screen. Apart from this, if you have any query, if you have any question, you can call on the number 924 023 1070. With this, I will stop my session. We will see you guys on Monday. Please keep on revising the concepts. Yes, you have a question Aditya. Okay. Since like you have taken certain lectures previously and certain lectures are not available on the playlist right now. Okay. You mean to say that Aditya. Okay. So, do not worry about this. I will, what we say, confirm this with the team. Okay. So, guys, I will stop my words for the day. Okay. Thank you and see you guys on Monday. Bye-bye.