Complete Medieval History | Malwa Sultanate | LEC 19 | History for UPSC 2026 By Alok Ojha

Hello friends. Good afternoon. Am I audible and visible? Yes, guys. Am I audible and visible? Somebody please ping me so that I can begin with today's session of Malwa Sultanate. Good afternoon, Bimal. Good afternoon, Nivedita. Okay, guys. So, hello everyone. Hi, this is Alok Ojha. Welcome to StudyIQ IAS English. And we are going through the series of Medieval Indian History wherein I have tried to cover different kingdoms of Delhi Sultanate. Particularly, we have seen the early Muslim invaders starting from Muhammad bin Qasim, Mahmud of Ghazni, Muhammad Ghori, followed by Slave Dynasty, Khilji Dynasty, Tughlaq Dynasty, Syed and Lodi Dynasty. We have also seen different aspects of Sufism and Bhakti movement. Apart from this, now we are going to cover particularly different regional kingdoms. And in the previous session, we have covered Gujarat Sultanate. Today, we are going to cover the Malwa Sultanate, which is again a very important topic. Like usually what happens, I will tell you one thing. While going through Medieval Indian History, we usually try to cover aspects majorly like Delhi Sultanate. Apart from this, the important Mughal rulers. Apart from this, we also cover Marathas and their administration and the Peshwas particularly. Yes, these are the important aspects from the exam perspective. But sometimes, questions can be asked particularly in a different manner. Like as I have told you, previously in the sessions of Ancient and Modern India, like UPSC has a tendency to go for a concept. Suppose there is a question particularly in the examination, who established the city of Shadiabad, which is also referred to as City of Joy. So, here we have to understand different aspects of Malwa Sultanate as well. So, it is necessary to study Malwa Sultanate as well. So, now let us understand. Just a second, guys. Just a second. Just hold on for a second. There is a bit of problem with the mic. Just hold on. Okay. Now, without wasting any more time, let us focus on the Malwa Sultanate. Now, why Malwa is important? I have told you n number of times about this. And I have also talked about Gujarat. Like we have seen the Gujarat particularly, that Gujarat being a coastal state, it was very important from the perspective of trade. Similarly, was the Malwa. Now, what is the strategic importance of Malwa? First of all, the black soil of Malwa is quite fertile. The climate of Malwa is quite conducive for agriculture. The trade in the region of Malwa was very vibrant. Apart from this, Malwa acts as a bridge between north and south. Now, what is the specific location of Malwa? Malwa particularly, it covers western and southwestern part of Madhya Pradesh. Like geographically, Madhya Pradesh is divided into three to four important parts. The northern part is referred as Bundelkhand and Chambal. Southern part, which includes the region of Khandwa, Burhanpur is referred as Nimad. The eastern part is referred as Baghelkhand. On the other hand, the western part, Dhar, Indore, Ujjain, Mandu is referred as Malwa. And Malwa opens the door of south India. And we have seen that right from the strategic importance of the Malwa, right from the time of Allavdin Khilji. So, particularly speaking, Malwa from Allavdin Khilji to Feroz Shah Tughlaq, it was under the reign of different Sultans. Like particularly speaking, Malwa was being captured by Allavdin Khilji. After that, after Allavdin Khilji, there was another important dynasty that was Tughlaq dynasty. It was under Giyasuddin Tughlaq, followed by Juna Khan, also referred as Fakruddin Malik Juna Khan. Then it came under one of the reformer whose name was Feroz Shah Tughlaq. But after the decline of the power of Feroz Shah Tughlaq, what happened? Particularly, Delhi Sultanate started disintegrating. And when Delhi Sultanate started disintegrating, what happened? Just a second. So, when Delhi Sultanate, it started disintegrating, what happened further? This was seen as an opportunity by many of the local governors. Okay, pay attention carefully. By many of the local governors. Now, after Feroz Shah Tughlaq, there were many weak successors. And seeing this as an opportunity, Timur Khan, he attacked India. His major purpose was to plunder India and he plundered the region around Delhi for next two to three days. At that time, governor of Multan was Khizr Khan. And Khizr Khan, he was chosen as one of the successors of Timur in India who laid down the foundation of an independent dynasty in the form of Sayyid dynasty. If you remember, we have studied about Khizr Khan in quite depth and detail. I have told you this person, although he laid the foundation of independent dynasty, but he never assumed the title of Sultan. In fact, Khizr Khan assumed the title Rayate Ala. He never assumed the title of Sultan. He read Khudba in the name of Timur. After the death of Timur, his son Shahrukh succeeded. This person Khizr Khan read the Khudba in the name of Shahrukh. So, particularly speaking, after the decline of Tughlaq dynasty and arrival of Timur, there was a complete chaotic situation in the major part of Northern India. And this was seen as an opportunity by one of the nobles in the court of Feroz Shah Tughlaq. And that noble was Dilawar Khan Ghori. He was one of the nobles who was taking care of the administration, particularly in the region of Dhar, which is a part of Malwa. And he declared himself as independent. He shifted his base from the region of Dhar to the region of Mandu. Mandu is also referred as Shadiabad, the city of joy. And many historians believe that Dilawar Khan Ghori, he was being succeeded by one of his sons whose name was Hosang Shah. In fact, Hosang Shah was a title adopted by his son. His actual name was something different. His name was Malik Sanjar, later on he was given the title of Alp Khan and so on. So, what happened? As per many historians, very simple words, Dilawar Khan Ghori, who was one of the nobles in the court of Feroz Shah Tughlaq, he declared himself as independent and established an independent dynasty in the region of Malwa. He shifted the base of his activities from Dhar to Mandu. Okay? From Dhar to Mandu, he shifted the base of his activity. And Mandu was of very strategic importance. So, now he was being succeeded by his son whose name was Hosang Shah. So, let s understand about the things in step-by-step manner. Session won t be much lengthier but it is quite important particularly for understanding the cultural history of that region. Okay? So, stick in the video till the end. Now pay attention further. Hosang Shah. Hosang basically means preserver of culture, preserver of customs and traditions. So, how did this person, Alp Khan or Malik Sanjar, he became Hosang Shah? Now, many historians have one belief that Dilawar Khan Ghori, who laid the foundation of Malwa Sultanate, was killed by his own son whose name was Hosang Shah. Okay? Now, their neighbouring kingdom was Gujarat. And the Gujarat ruler at that time was Muzaffar Shah who believed that if Hosang Shah, he can kill his father just for the sake of the throne. He was so greedy for the throne that he can kill his father. He can anytime attack the region of Gujarat. So, at this point of time, Malwa is not in safe hands right now. So, what did he do? This person, Muzaffar Shah, the ruler of Gujarat, he attacked the new ruler Hosang Shah. After attacking Hosang Shah, it is believed that this person was imprisoned for the next five to six months. And later on, Hosang Shah pleaded in front of Muzaffar Shah. He apologised for the mistakes that he did and he promised that he would not be attacking the region of Gujarat Sultanate. And finally, this person Hosang Shah was led free by the Gujarat Sultanate ruler Muzaffar Shah. Okay? So, how this person, Alp Khan, he became Hosang Shah? Now, the actual name of Alp Khan was particularly Junaid Khan. Okay? He is also referred as Malik Sanjar. And Malik Sanjar or Junaid Khan, he was married to one of the sisters of Allauddin Khilji. And Allauddin Khilji gave the title of Alp Khan to Junaid Khan. Alp basically means the powerful Khan. And when he killed his father and sat on the throne of Malwa Sultanate, this person gave himself the title of Hosang. That is preserver of culture, customs, rituals and traditions. So, this is how Junaid Khan or Malik Sanjar or Alp Khan, he became Hosang Shah. Please do not get confused. He is the same person. Same person. These are not different personalities. Okay? Shall I repeat the point? Yes. Did you understand or shall I repeat the point? Yes, guys. Did you get the point or shall I repeat it? I can understand. Like sometimes, lot many names. So, you will get confused. Now, pay attention carefully. I will repeat within next 30 seconds for easier understanding of the concepts. Now, listen to me very, very carefully. From the time of Allauddin Khilji to Feroz Shah Tughlaq, Malwa was under Delhi Sultanate. After the death of Feroz Shah Tughlaq, Malwa started disintegrating. This was seen as an opportunity by Dilawar Khan Ghori who was one of the nobles in the court of Feroz Shah Tughlaq. He declared himself as independent in the region of Dhar and he shifted the base of his activities from Dhar to Mandu which is again in the region of Malwa. Okay? Historians believe that he was being succeeded by his son whose name was Hosang Shah. And Hosang Shah's actual name was Junaid Khan or Malik Sanjar. He was married to one of the sisters of Allauddin Khilji and Allauddin Khilji gave the title of Alp Khan to Malik Sanjar or Junaid Khan. Alp Khan basically means the powerful Khan. Got it? Now, as per many historians, Hosang Shah sat on the throne by killing his father, Dilawar Khan Ghori. And at that time, the Gujarat Sultanate ruler Muzaffar Shah imprisoned Hosang Shah. Why? Because he believed that if this person can kill his father for the throne, any time he can attack the Gujarat Sultanate. So, he was being imprisoned for the next 5 to 6 months and he promised that he won't be attacking Gujarat Sultanate. Okay? Now, moving further. This person, it is believed that diplomatically he got many elephants from the region of Odisha, also referred as the region of Utkal. Okay? Particularly in the eastern part of India. Time and again, I have told you one thing guys, right from the time of Delhi Sultanate, that Mahmud of Ghazni, when he attacked India, he also focused on the elephants particularly in the region of Utkal. Juna Khan, when he attacked Warangal, Juna Khan means Muhammad bin Tughlaq, when he attacked Warangal, on the way he went back to Utkal or Odisha to get the elephants from that region. Why? I have cited you the example of Megasthenes Indica wherein Megasthenes mentioned that Indian elephants are stronger than Libyan elephants. So, this person, what happened? Hosang Shah, the ruler of Malwa, he wanted to acquire the elephants particularly from the region of Utkal or Odisha. Okay? So, he requested the ruler of Odisha at that time that I want 100 elephants or I want few elephants particularly. The ruler of Odisha denied this request or he completely avoided or ignored this, what we say, request of Hosang Shah. Now, Hosang Shah wanted to acquire elephants at any cost. So, what did he do? He left Mandu and he started travelling towards the region of Odisha, particularly Jajnagar or Jajpur. He had 1000 soldiers along with him, the best cavalrymen along with him and he disguised himself as a merchant. Okay? And he took very precious things from the region of Malwa which are not available in the region of Odisha, so that actually it should look like that he is a merchant and he has 1000 people along with him. So, he came up with many grey horses, he came up with chestnut and so many things from the region of Malwa. He reached Odisha and as soon as he reached Odisha, the ruler of Odisha came to know about him. He was so perfectly disguised in the dress of a merchant that nobody could recognise him that he is a Sultan of Malwa, Hosang Shah. Okay? So, as soon as this person, the ruler of Odisha came to know about this, he comes here because he was also fond of grey horses and he wanted to include them in his personal cavalry, what we say, unit. So, he comes here and as soon as he meets Hosang Shah, these disguised merchants, what did they do? They captured this person, the ruler of what we say, Odisha and they asked him to give 100 elephants to him plus a safe passage should be given to them to the region of Mandu. So, ruler of Odisha accepted this and in that case, this is how he got many elephants from the region of Utkal or Odisha, also referred as Jajpur or Jajnagar. So, this was one thing about Hosang Shah. Another simple example of Hosang Shah particularly was Hosang Shah, like I will give you one example, I will give you two examples which exhibits things like on one hand, it seems like he was a religious tolerant person and on the other hand, I will give you a second example that will suggest one thing that he was a boycott. Simple words, he was a fundamentalistic follower of Islam. How do we come to know about this? I will give you two examples. As I have told you, he adopted the title Hosang which means preserver and protector of the culture and it is believed that he gave lot many liberal donations to the Jain monks. Apart from this, there were many Rajputs who were allowed to come in the region of Malwa and settle down in the region of Malwa. In fact, Nardev Soni, he was one of the treasury, he was one of the treasury superintendent during the time of Hosang Shah. This simply exemplifies the liberal attitude of Hosang Shah. But on the other hand, I will give you a second example. Second example is you might have heard about one of the famous rulers of Parmar dynasty, Raja Bhoj. You might have heard about Raja Bhoj. Raja Bhoj, he was the ruler of Parmar dynasty and he had established many cities. One of the famous cities right now is capital of Madhya Pradesh, that is Bhopal. So Raja Bhoj, he had established particularly the city of Bhopal, also referred as Bhojpal initially. So Raja Bhoj, he had constructed three earthen dams at that time, particularly to help out the peasants and cultivators in this region, to overcome the situation of drought or famine. And on the banks of these reservoirs, he had what we say constructed a famous temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, which is referred as Bhojeshwar temple. This person, Hosang Shah, he destroyed all the three earthen dams created by Parmar dynasty ruler, Raja Bhoj. Apart from this, many believe that he also destroyed the famous Bhojeshwar temple located on the banks of these earthen banks. So historians have a dissenting opinion about the personality of Hosang Shah. On one side, we see the liberal attitude of this person. On the other side, we see that he is destroying the temples and following the policy of Shikhan, that is spread of Islam and destroy of temples. Now, he shifted the cap, as I have told you, his father Dilawar Khan Ghori created Mandu as the base. I did not say Dilawar Khan Ghori created Mandu as its capital. But this person, Hosang Shah, it is believed that he established Mandu as the capital of what we say Malwa Sultanate. Why? Mandu, it is a very beautiful place. It is surrounded by the mountain ranges, lush green mountains, ravines. It also provides strategic importance and it is a perfect place for a construction of a port so that one can protect himself from his enemies. So he shifted the capital from Dhar to Mandu and he referred Mandu as Shadiabad. Shadiabad basically means city of joy. A direct question can crop up in the examination. What is the meaning of the word Shadiabad? Simple words, city of joy. Who renamed the city of Mandu as Shadiabad? It was being renamed by Hosang Shah. Apart from this, what happened further? There is a place called as Hosangabad in Madhya Pradesh. The credit for creation of this place goes to the person Hosang Shah. It is presently referred as Narmadapuram. I repeat, it is referred as Narmadapuram. In the earlier times, during the ancient time, it was called as Narmadapuram. During the time of Malwa Sultanate, it was renamed as Hosangabad. Again, it has been renamed as Narmadapuram. So the credit for creation of Hosangabad goes to the person Hosang Shah. Now I will give you another important example. I was reading one of the articles and I read about one of the forts which is called as Joga Fort. There are two districts in Madhya Pradesh, Devas and Harda district. In between Devas or on the way from Devas to Harda district, one finds the famous Joga Fort which was being created by a Jat ruler, Joga Singh Raoji. So what happened? That fort was not under a good condition. Hosang Shah, he also captured the fort of Joga located between Devas and Harda and he repaired that fort. Now Hosang Shah was replaced by Mehmood Khilji and Mehmood Khilji, he was a very ambitious personality. Rather than saying ambitious personality, he was over ambitious personality. So this is majorly about Hosang Shah. Hope you understood every aspect of this. Any question, any query, any doubt, please feel free to ask. Yes? Yes guys, did you understand? Is that clear? Shall I move further? Because I am going to speak about important battles now. Particularly 1437 battle of Sarangpur between Rana Kumbha of Mewar and Mehmood Khilji. Is it clear till here? Okay, thank you. So who created the city? Okay Bimal, shall I summarize? Okay, I will summarize the aspects. Just listen to me very carefully. Within next 30 seconds, I will summarize entire Hosang Shah. After disintegration of what we say Tughlaq dynasty, Dilawar Khan Ghori declared himself as independent. He established Malwa Sultanate. He was succeeded by his son Hosang Shah. Hosang Shah, his actual name was Junaid Khan or Sanjar Malik or Alp Khan. In fact, the title of Alp Khan was given to him by Allauddin Khilji. Hosang Shah, it is said that he established a city of Hosangabad, presently referred as Narmadapuram. He had a liberal attitude towards all the religions like Nardev Soni was one of the treasurers. Like there were many Rajputs who were allowed to settle in the region of Malwa. Apart from this, on the other hand, I have given you the second example that Bhojeshwar Mahadev temple was being destroyed by this person, what we say Hosang Shah. Hosang Shah particularly, sorry, the Bhojeshwar Mahadev temple was being constructed by Raja Bhoj of Parmar dynasty. Got it? Now, it is believed that he was being poisoned and killed by one of the persons whose name was Mehmood Khilji. So, Mehmood Khilji, he poisoned Hosang Shah and in fact, it is believed that Hosang Shah had one of the sons whose name was Mohammed. He was also being killed by Mehmood Khilji. So, hope you understood the points till here. I have summarized the thing Bimal. Now, is it clear? Yes. Okay. Now, let us understand about Mehmood Khilji in short. Now, we will also understand about the structure of Vijay's Thamb created by Rana Kumbha. Why there was a battle fought between Mehmood Khilji and Rana Kumbha of Mewar. Okay. Particularly, Rana Kumbha was the ruler of Sisodia dynasty. So, who was Rana Kumbhaji? Why he fought battle with Mehmood Khilji? Let us understand in a very simplistic format. Okay. Listen to me very carefully. Sisodia dynasty ruled over the region of Mewar and Sisodia dynasty is also referred as Guhila dynasty. Sisodia dynasty has seen brave Rajput warriors like Rana Kumbhaji, in the coming years, Rana Sanghaji, Rana, what we say, Maharana Pratapji, Amar Singhji, son of Maharana Pratapji. So, Sisodia dynasty has seen many Rajput rulers who were full of valor and courage. One such ruler of Sisodia dynasty was Rana Mokal. Please understand this concept because it is a very important thing that I am trying to explain. Why Mehmood Khilji developed animosity with Rana Kumbhaji of Mewar? So, pay attention carefully. Rana Mokal, he was one of the rulers of Sisodia dynasty, particularly ruling in the Mewar region of Rajasthan. Now, an assassination attempt had been done on Rana Mokalji. Okay. So, Rana Mokalji, he was being assassinated and one of the major role in the assassination of Rana Mokalji was being played by Mahapa Pawar. He was one of the courtiers. He played a very major role in assassination of Rana Mokalji. Now, Rana Mokalji passed away and he was being succeeded by Rana Kumbhaji. Okay. Now, what happened? Rana Kumbhaji wanted to punish this person Mahapa Pawar at any cost. Now, what happened at this time? Mahapa Pawar, he had fled from the region of Mewar. And where was he hiding? He was hiding in the region of Malwa. Who had given him the asylum? He was being given asylum by Mehmood Khilji. And Rana Kumbhaji, he came to know about this. And when Rana Kumbhaji came to know about this, he asked this person, Mehmood Khilji, please ask Mahapa Pawar to surrender to me. In that case, Mehmood Khilji denied. And he said that, I personally had the intention to give Mahapa Pawar the asylum. And when these words were being said by Mehmood Khilji, in simple words, the battle between Mehmood Khilji and Rana Kumbhaji is unavoidable, inevitable. It cannot be avoided right now. So, the battle became completely inevitable. Now, in 1437, Battle of Sarangpur was fought. Sarangpur is located in Madhya Pradesh presently. It is located in Rajkara district of Madhya Pradesh. And in this battle, the combined force of whom, Mehmood Khilji and Mahapa Pawar, they were being defeated by Rana Kumbhaji. And this person, whose name was Mahapa Pawar, he fled away from the battlefield. He fled away to the region of Gujarat. And this person, Mehmood Khilji, he was being taken into captivation by Rana Kumbhaji and imprisoned for the next 6 months. It is believed that after the victory in, what we say, Battle of Sarangpur, Rana Kumbhaji, he constructed Vijaystham at Chittorgarh. And it is said that the ruler of Gujarat, the Sultan of Gujarat, whose name was Ahmed Shah, he also supported Rana Kumbhaji. In fact, the Sultan of Delhi and the Sultan of Gujarat gave the title Hindu Suratran, that is Hindu Sultan, to Rana Kumbhaji. And this is nothing but Battle of Sarangpur which was fought between Rana Kumbhaji and Mehmood Khilji. Clear? I will repeat the battle again. Okay, please do not get confused. Please do not get confused. I will speak about the three series of battle, that is Battle of Sarangpur, Battle of Mandavgarh, also referred as Battle of Banas. Now, pay attention carefully. Sisodia dynasty or Guhila dynasty ruled over the region of Mewar. I am going in a step-by-step manner for easier understanding of the concept. Okay. So, Sisodia dynasty or Guhila dynasty ruled over the region of Mewar and it saw brave warriors in the form of Rana Kumbhaji who is also credited with creation of Kumbhalgarh port. In the coming years, Rana Sanghaji, Maharana Pratapji, Amar Singhji and so many others. Now, there was one ruler whose name was Rana Mokalji. So, he was being assassinated and the major role in the assassination of Rana Mokalji was being played by Mahapa Pawar. After Rana Mokalji, Rana Kumbhaji sat on the throne of Mewar. At any cost, under any condition, he wanted to take revenge from Mahapa Pawar and he was hiding where? He was hiding in the region of Malwa. He was being given asylum by whom? Mehmood Khilji. And so, Rana Kumbhaji, he asked Mehmood Khilji to surrender Mahapa Pawar. He denied. Battle becomes inevitable, unavoidable in that case. So, the battle of Sangram, what we say, Sarangpur was fought in 1437 between Rana Kumbhaji and Mehmood Khilji in which this person Mahapa Pawar, he fled away from the battlefield. He fled away to the region of Gujarat. And Mehmood Khilji was being imprisoned. He was being captured and he was being imprisoned for the next 6 months. Due to the victory in the battle of Sarangpur, Vijayasthamba was being created at Chittorgarh by Rana Kumbhaji. He was given the title of Hindu Suratran by whom? Ahmed Shah, the ruler of Gujarat and Mohammed Shah, the ruler of Delhi. Clear till here now? Shall I move further? Now, let's move ahead. Now, Battle of Mandalgarh and Battle of Banas, it is actually a series of 2-3 battles which was fought between Mehmood Khilji and Rana Kumbhaji in which all the battles, Mehmood Khilji, he lost. He had to face an insulting and a humiliating defeat. And this series of battle was fought between 1442 to 1446. Now, as I have told you, in Battle of Sarangpur, Rana Kumbhaji, he had imprisoned Mehmood Khilji for the next 6 months. After this, he was being released. And at this time, this person, Mehmood Khilji, wanted to take the revenge at any cost. So, around 1442, Rana Kumbhaji was not in the region of Chittor. In fact, he was leading an expedition to another place which is referred as Harauti. And when he was leading an expedition to the region of Harauti, this was seen as a golden opportunity by Mehmood Khilji to attack the region of Chittor and acquire it. Immediately, it is believed that this person, what we say, Mehmood Khilji, he entered the region of Kumbhalner. And after entering the region of Kumbhalner, he wanted to destroy the famous Banamata Temple located in this place. There was a local warrior whose name was Deep Singhji. He gathered few soldiers and tried to protect the temple for the next 7 days. But on the 7th day, he succumbed to martyrhood. So, Deep Singhji, he became a martyr and he died. By now, what happened? Rana Kumbhaji came to know about this that this person, Mehmood Khilji, he has entered Kumbhalner. Apart from this, he is trying to destroy the famous Banamata Temple and Deep Singhji has lost his life. Immediately, he dropped his plan of capturing Harauti and started moving towards Chittor because this person started heading towards Chittor. What happened? At that time, both of them met at Mandalgarh. And now, Mehmood Khilji again for the second time had to face a very humiliating defeat. For the third time, Rana Kumbhaji decided to destroy the kingdom of Malwa Sultanate once and for all. He decided to destroy Mehmood Khilji. And what happened further? He attacked in the region of Banas. Okay. And again for the third time, this person, Mehmood Khilji lost the battle to Rana Kumbhaji. So, this is about the series of battle that was being fought between Rana Kumbhaji of Mewar and Mehmood Khilji. So, hope you understood this. Any question, any query, any doubt? Yes, please let me know. Yes, guys. Okay. Now, let's understand in short about another important ruler whose name is Giyasuddin. So, Dilawar Khan Ghori, he was the founder of Malwa Sultanate. He was being succeeded by his son whose name was Hoshang Shah. Hoshang Shah, he was being replaced by Mehmood Khilji. After Mehmood Khilji comes his elder son whose name was Giyasuddin Shah. Giyasuddin Shah, he was hardly interested in the administration. Hardly interested in the administration. Okay. It is believed that he had constructed the famous Jahaz Mahal in Mandu. And it is also said that Jahaz Mahal was a kind of like, it was a place where he was just involved in wine, merrymaking and so on. He hardly cared about the administration at that time. And so, what happened? Again for the, what we say, next time in 1473, a battle was fought between Rana Raimal of Chittor and Giyasuddin in which Giyasuddin again had to face a humiliating defeat. Who was Rana Raimal? Now, pay attention carefully. We had seen Rana Mokal. Rana Mokalji, he was being succeeded by his son, Rana Kumbhaji. And Rana Kumbhaji was succeeded by his younger son whose name was Rana Raimalji. Okay. I repeat, Rana Kumbha's younger son was Rana Raimalji. Okay. So, what happened? Rana Kumbhaji had defeated father of Giyasuddin whose name was Mehmood Khilji. And Rana Raimalji, the younger son of Rana Kumbhaji, he has defeated Giyasuddin Shah who is the son of Mehmood Khilji. So, Giyasuddin Shah was also being defeated in the Chittor, particularly in Battle of Sangra, what we say, he was again defeated particularly in the Battle of Sarangpur which is located in MP, Rajghat district. So, it was in 1473. Clear, guys? Now, moving ahead. Now comes a complete game wherein Malwa Sultanate is going to end. How? Giyasuddin was succeeded by Mehmood Shah too. Now, Mehmood Shah too, the entire region of Mandu, it was being attacked by the ruler of Gujarat whose name was Bahadur Shah. Okay. So, Bahadur Shah, what happened particularly? He attacked the region of Mandu. After attacking the region of Mandu, he acquired it from Mehmood Shah too. Okay. Now, Bahadur, this region of Mandu was later on taken by Mughal Emperor whose name was Humayun. Getting the points clear? Giyasuddin, Giyasuddin was succeeded by Mehmood Shah too. Please do not get confused. Now, after Mehmood Shah too, what happened? The neighbouring kingdom was Gujarat. Its Sultan Bahadur Shah, he acquired the region of Malwa, particularly Mandu from Mehmood Shah too. Now, the ruler of Gujarat was being attacked by Mughal Emperor Humayun. So, what happened? Now, Mandu, it goes back in the hands of Humayun. So, by that time, what happened? Humayun s power started declining. And when Humayun s power started declining, there was another person whose name was Qadir Shah. He again acquired it from Humayun. Okay. So, Qadir Shah, he became the new ruler of Malwa. And finally, what happened? Qadir Shah, after that, it went in the hands of Sher Shah Suri. Now, Sher Shah Suri, he established another important governor whose name was Sujath Khan. And Sujath Khan was replaced by the last ruler, Baaz Bahadur. I will repeat. Please do not get confused. I will tell you the entire hierarchy, entire chronology. Please have a pen and paper along with you. It is just a small request so that you can just remember the terminologies and the chronology. Okay. We have seen Dilawar Khan Ghori. He was the founder. Succeeded by his son, Hoshang Shah. Succeeded by Mehmood Khilji. Mehmood Khilji was succeeded by his son whose name was Giyasuddin Shah. Now, after Giyasuddin Shah sat on the throne, Mehmood Shah too. Now, from here onwards, it is a bit confusing but just try to remember. Mehmood Shah too sat on the throne. As soon as Mehmood Shah too, he sat on the throne, this region was being captured by ruler of Gujarat whose name was Bahadur Shah. So, now Mandu is in the hands of Gujarat. That is Bahadur Shah. Now, Mughal Emperor Humayun, he attacked the region of Mandu. So, region of Mandu is now under Humayun. The power of Mughal started declining under Humayun. Okay. So, what happened? This was seen as an opportunity by another person whose name was Qadir Shah. So, it was under Qadir Shah now. Getting the points? Please do not get confused. Mehmood, after Mehmood Bahadur Shah, ruler of Gujarat. After that, what we say, Humayun, the Mughal Emperor, then Qadir Shah, then Sher Shah Suri, the ruler of Sur dynasty. And finally, Sher Shah Suri, he appointed Shujaat Khan as the governor of Mandu. But again from him, it was being taken by Baaz Bahadur who is considered as the last ruler of Malwa. Because finally, Malwa will be taken by one of the most powerful rulers at that time, Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar. So, Baaz Bahadur, he becomes the last ruler of Malwa. Okay. Is it clear now? Do you want me to repeat again? I will repeat again. But please do not get confused. Do you want me to repeat again? Yes. I can understand so many names but just remember the important ones. Okay. See, many a times students ask me a question. They usually send me a message on telegram. Sir, is it necessary to remember all the names? I will suggest you, no. Frankly speaking, no. But why do I tell you these names? Because whenever I associate these names particularly with a story, what happens? Even though you do not remember the name, you remember the story. And in the examination, you can use the elimination technique for that sake. Correct? So, hope you understood this. Okay. Now, let's move ahead with the last ruler, Baaz Bahadur. Now, Baaz Bahadur has a beautiful love story and he has a love story with a shepherdess whose name was Roopmati. Okay. Now, it is believed that the love story of Baaz Bahadur and Rani Roopmati is a very famous love story. Once upon a time, this person Baaz Bahadur goes into the jungles for hunting. And when he goes into the jungles for hunting, he hears a very beautiful voice and he started walking in the direction of the voice. He hears the voice of a flute being played. Okay. So, he started walking in the direction of that voice. And when he reached a particular place, he saw a beautiful shepherdess. She was playing the flute. And she was so beautiful that this person, Baaz Bahadur proposed her for marriage. And this lady, Rani Roopmati, she was like, I am a normal shepherdess. You are the sultan. You are the king. How can I marry you? So, Baaz Bahadur said, it is completely your discretion. But in that case, I would love to marry you. So, she said that I will marry you, but under only one condition. And that is that I want to see river Narmada in front of my palace. It is said that Baaz Bahadur, he constructed Riva Kund in the palace. Riva Kund is a very famous place. And in that case, it was just in the front of Rani Roopmati s palace. And the water was channelized from the river, okay, to the palace of Rani Roopmati. Now comes the time of Akbar. And Akbar, he followed the policy of expansionism. He conquered the region of Gujarat. He conquered, he defeated, he conquered the region of Gondwana by, what we say, defeating Rani Durgawati. Rani Durgawati ji, also a very brave lady and fought valiantly. Now he sent one of his poster brothers, whose name was, yes, whose name was Adam Khan, to conquer the region of Malwa. In fact, many historians believe that Adam Khan coveted upon Rani Roopmati. And after defeating Baaz Bahadur, he forcibly wanted to marry Rani Roopmati. That was the major reason for attack of Adam Khan on the region of Malwa. But Akbar wanted to acquire the region of Malwa as a part of strategic importance. So, Adam Khan and particularly another important person along with Adam Khan was Pir Muhammad. Both of them attacked the region of Malwa. Baaz Bahadur, he fled away from the battlefield. And Adam Khan wanted to acquire Rani Roopmati at any cost. At that time, many historians do believe that Rani Roopmati ji consumed poison and she died. Some times later, this person Baaz Bahadur, who had fled from the region of Malwa, he had created alliance with three other rulers. Ruler of Birar, ruler of Khandesh. And he had defeated Adam Khan and his army. So, what happened? Akbar, now he dispatched an army under Pir Muhammad. They were being defeated. What happened after that Pir Muhammad? He dispatched again another unit under Abdullah. So, finally, it is said that Baaz Bahadur lost the battle. And later on, many historians also believe that Baaz Bahadur was made as a mansabdar in the court of Akbar. So, this was about the last ruler of the Malwa Sultanate, Baaz Bahadur, who is quite famous for his love story with the shepherdess Rani Roopmati ji. Okay. So, hope you understood about the important rulers of Malwa Sultanate. If you have any doubt, please ask me. I will again explain. Is it clear? Yes, guys. Now, we will go for a bit of factual part. A bit of factual part. Yes. So, Jami Masjid located in Mandu. So, Jami Masjid located in Mandu, its construction was being initiated by Hosang Shah and it was being constructed completely by Mehmood Khilji. Okay. I repeat. So, it was constructed by Mehmood Khilji. Sorry, its construction was being initiated by whom? Hosang Shah, who is credited with the creation of city. Hosangabad also referred as Narmadapuram and its completion was being done by whom? Mehmood Khilji. Ashrafi Mahal, another important construction. It is just facing opposite to Jami Masjid and it is again located in Mandu. It was being constructed by Mehmood Khilji. Moving ahead. Hindola Mahal or Swinging Palace. Okay. This was being, like it is believed that Hindola Mahal or Swinging Palace, it was being constructed by Hosang Shah. Then Champa Bawli. Champa Bawli, it is located very close to Hindola Mahal. Then moving ahead. Jahaz Mahal. It was being created by Giyas Shah. As I have told you, Mehmood Khilji was succeeded by his elder son, whose name was Giyas Shah and Giyas Shah was not at all interested in running the administration. He was completely involved in consuming wine and merrymaking and he had constructed a famous Jahaz Mahal. So Jahaz Mahal, it is located in Mandu credited to Giyas Shah. Hosang Shah's tomb is made of marble. It is the first marble architecture of medieval period and it became a template for the construction of Taj Mahal. So please remember, Hosang Shah's tomb located in Mandu particularly is the first marble architecture of medieval period. Okay. So this is majorly about the constructions laid down by the Malwa Sultanate rulers. Hope the point is clear guys. Did you understand things? Did you understand the battles, series of battle fought between Mehmood Khilji and Rana Kumbhaji of Mewar? Because Battle of Sarangpur, Battle of Mandalgarh and Battle of Banas, all three battles are important and the most crucial one was Battle of Sarangpur. Hope you understood them. Okay guys. So before I end, Guru Kripa Sale is going on. Like on 10th of July this year, we had what? Guru Purnima. And as a part of this, Study IQ IAS English has come up with the Guru Kripa Sale. Okay. Here, Resolution GS Foundation batch P2I, July. Okay. It's a complete English medium batch which will cater to the needs of students particularly from southern part of India and northeastern India. Now the question arises many a times, Sir, is it necessary particularly that we can go for self-study or shall we join any particular online or an offline coaching? See guys, it's completely your, what we say discretion. Okay. It's your decision guys. But the most important aspect, what I personally feel here is during the preparation, right direction is more important. Like I'll give you a very small example. A person, he was a very healthy person and he landed at a place, he landed at a station and he asked a rickshaw puller, how much money will you take? He said, I'll take 50, 100 rupees. He said, no, the temple is just 500 meters away. I'll go by walking. He said, as you wish. So he goes like rickshaw puller, he started chasing him. So he says, now you can sit in the rickshaw. He said, how much will you take now? Already I have crossed the halfway. He said, I'll take rupees 100. He said, like on the station you said rupees 50. Now you're saying rupees 100. He said, you're walking in the wrong direction. So here what happens usually, specifically Guru gives you a direction. It completely depends upon you how to follow that direction. So as a part of this Guru Kripa sale, particularly for 2027, 2026 and 2028, you can check the website. Resolution P2I batch has been initiated and the fees are very minimal, 32,999. And the sale will end tomorrow, 15th of July. And you can see the code that is flashing on your screen, Alok live. So to get the benefits of this code, what we say batch, you can use my code Alok live, which is flashing on your screen. Again, many of the aspirants have a question, what is a batch timing? How much time will it take to cover the syllabus? Will you cover the CSAT? Is there a test series included? Yes, prelims and means test series included, complete coverage of CSAT, complete coverage of current affairs, which also includes government magazines like Yojana and Kurukshetra. So all these are the key benefits. Once you visit the website of StudyIQ, you will get everything in detail. You'll get to know 1000 plus hours of live and recorded classes. So guys, you can use the code Alok live, wherein I'll be directly mentoring you. I'll be guiding you in your answer, writing and so on. So with this, I'll stop my words for the day. See you guys tomorrow. Thank you and have a wonderful day.