Complete Medieval History | Lodhi Dynasty: Sikander Lodhi | LEC 12 | History for UPSC 2026

Hello friends good afternoon Can you hear me and see me Yes everyone Can you hear and see me Please ping me so I can start today’s session with Sikandar Lodhi Yes everyone Good afternoon everyone Can you hear and see me Alright Aliza Thank you Alright Good evening Good afternoon Nivedita Alright everyone Now let's move on to the second most important ruler of the Lodhi dynasty whose name was Sikandar Lodhi Hello everyone Hi this is Alok Hoja Welcome to StudyIQ IAS English So Sikandar Lodhi is regarded as one of the most significant rulers especially the entire Lodhi dynasty As we have seen previously as we have seen previously Behlo Lodhi was regarded as the founder of the Lodhi dynasty Behlo Lodhi it is particularly believed that he was succeeded by his son Sikandar Lodhi Now how did Sikandar Lodhi come to power What exactly happened to Barbak Shah Let's explore this I'll provide a concise summary of yesterday's session within one minute to help clarify the concept especially for newcomers to the platform and hearing me for the first time Okay the session won't be much longer a 40 to 45-minute session on Sikandar Lodhi Alright now pay close attention Behlo Lodhi is regarded as the founder of the Lodhi dynasty And as we have seen earlier the last ruler of the Sayyid dynasty was Allauddin Masood Shah He migrated to the region of Badayu and found the place so intriguing that he entrusted the entire administration to two individuals Hamid Khan and Hissam Khan Now Hamid Khan invited Behlo Lodhi who at that time was governor of Sirhind Multan and Lahore Seeing this as an opportunity Behlo Lodhi ascended the throne of the Delhi Sultanate The Lodhi dynasty was the first Afghan dynasty to rule over the Delhi Sultanate Behlo Lodhi it is especially believed as I've mentioned that he was the sole ruler not merely of the Lodhi dynasty but of the entire Delhi Sultanate for 38 years Longest-reigning sultan of the entire Delhi Sultanate Correct He ruled approximately from 1451 to 1488 Later he was succeeded by his son Sikandar Lodhi Alright Yes this week's classes will likely be at 3 pm not 1 pm As I've mentioned before in the Telegram channel as well Classes this week will be around 3 pm Coming back So now pay close attention Behlo Lodhi was leading an expedition specifically into the region south of Delhi the Mewar region of Rajasthan So what happened At that time Behlo Lodhi had ascended the throne in Delhi One of his sons whose name was Khwaja Bayazuddin And he was not a capable ruler So what happened At that time the ruler of the Jaunpur Sultanate from the east whose name was Masood Shah Sharqi He attacked the Delhi region and looted it for the next two to three days Immediately Behlo Lodhi became aware of this at this person Masood Shah Sharqi had attacked the Delhi region and upon learning of it he abandoned his campaign and rushed toward Delhi By the time this man Masood Shah Sharqi had fled he was already gone Okay At that moment Behlo Lodhi arrived And he controlled the entire Jaunpur region Masood Shah Sharqi fled And who aided Masood Shah Sharqi in his attack on the Delhi region There was a man deeply loyal to Behlo Lodhi named Darya Khan Lodhi So what happened Behlo Lodhi seized control of the Jaunpur region After capturing the Jaunpur region Behlo Lodhi placed his eldest son named Barbak Shah on the throne of Jaunpur So specifically Barbak Shah was placed on the throne of Jaunpur and after some time around 1488–89 Behlo Lodhi passed away And then comes on the throne another person whose name is Sikandar Lodhi There were three main rulers of the Lodhi dynasty Behlo Sikandar and Ibrahim And Sikandar Lodhi is regarded as one of the greatest rulers of the Lodhi dynasty And at this particular moment in time Sikandar Lodhi endured numerous internal conflicts As I've mentioned Behlo Lodhi was placed on the throne of Jaunpur One of his sons named Barbak Shah After the death of Behlo Lodhi Sikandar Lodhi became the Sultan Naturally there's going to be some tension between the two brothers Why Because although Barbak Shah felt that despite being more capable Yet I remain the Viceroy the Governor And my younger brother Sikandar Lodhi sits upon the throne of the Delhi Sultanate The first conflict he had to confront was from his brother whose name was Barbak Shah Beyond that he also had to endure further strife especially from his uncle Alam Khan So let's understand this man whom we call Sikandar Lodhi how he secured his throne and how he dealt with his enemies Those who were contesting the throne of the Delhi Sultanate So pay close attention Alright Listen to me In the region of Delhi Sikandar Lodhi sat upon the throne On the throne sat Sikandar Lodhi Okay In the area around Patiali there was a governor named Isa Khan Please try to understand this I'm proceeding in a very systematic step -by-step manner for easier understanding of the concept In the region of Delhi Sikandar Lodhi sat on the throne The governor of Patiali was Isa Khan There is a place called Rapri located in Uttar Pradesh The governor of that place was Alam Khan And Alam Khan was the uncle of Sikandar Lodhi Alright So what happened next Alam Khan grew jealous of Sikandar Lodhi In fact Alam Khan sought to seize the throne of the Delhi Sultanate And Sikandar Lodhi found out about this What happened next Sikandar Lodhi immediately launched an attack on the Rapri region Try to understand things in a logical step-by-step way Alam Khan who served as the Governor of Rapri in the United Provinces aspired to claim the throne of the Delhi Sultanate He sought to overthrow Sikandar Lodhi who was ruling from Delhi And Sikandar Lodhi became aware of this Sikandar Lodhi immediately launched an attack on the Rapri region What happened at this time This man Alam Khan fled to Patiali And at that time the Governor of Patiali was Isa Khan Sikandar Lodhi now realized this was the true plan of both these men Isa Khan and Alam Khan Just the Governors of Patiali and Rapri Immediately this man Alam Khan reached out to Isa Khan for assistance and Isa Khan granted him refuge Alright Now what happened At this particular moment Rapri was transferred to another individual named Khan Lohani I repeat Khan Lohani one of the trusted individuals— particularly of Sikandar Lodhi—was granted the region of Rapri Since this individual has fled to Isa Khan and at this time Sikandar Lodhi was overseeing the administration of two regions Delhi and Ittawa which is also located in Uttar Pradesh Please do not get confused I am proceeding in a step-by-step manner Alright I'll go over the points once more Pay close attention to what I'm saying Delhi Sikandar Lodhi was present there Then Rapri it is in UP The Rapri was under the governance of one of Sikandar Lodhi's uncles whose name was Alam Khan Another location was Patiali governed by Isa Khan His uncle aspired to overthrow Sikandar Lodhi and seize the throne of the Delhi Sultanate Now Sikandar Lodhi learned of this plan Sikandar Lodhi attacked Rapri and Alam Khan fled to Patiali Now Sikandar Lodhi understood one thing— that this was actually the plan of these two men his uncle Alam Khan and Isa Khan —and so he occupied the region of Rapri And for the region of Rapri he as we say appointed another governor general a prominent official who was closely aligned with Sikandar Lodhi His name was Khan Lohani And Sikandar Lodhi personally managed the administration of two places: Delhi and the second being Ittawa Now he had to come to terms with his uncle At first he thought I'll punish my uncle But what happened with his uncle Alam Khan He apologized for the mistake he had made So he was given back the region of Ittawa Because Rapri who has it now Khan Lohani The Ittawa was under the control of Sikandar Lodhi Once more he granted the region of Ittawa to his uncle Alam Khan Meanwhile Isa Khan was removed from power He was being murdered So this is how he acted against his uncle Alam Khan Did you get it Would you like me to go over the points again Yes please Is it clear Yes everyone Did you understand this I've covered every single point as part of the explanation so please don't worry You can download the PDF from the Telegram channel As everyone knows history underscores Alok Ojha I hope you understood this Yes please keep the session interactive If you didn't understand please let me know I'll explain the point once more Alright once more I'll explain it in under 30 seconds for those who joined late so they can easily grasp the concept Delhi was under the administration of Sikandar Lodhi Three distinct territories what we refer to as fiefs or Iqtas One of them was Patiali The other was Rapri in UP The other was Ittawa in UP Rapri was being cared for by Alam Khan who was the uncle of Sikandar Lodhi Now he had a plan to seize the throne of the Delhi Sultanate And just as Sikandar Lodhi found out about it he launched an attack on the Rapri region Alam Khan fled to Patiali So this man Sikandar Lodhi learned that this was actually the scheme of Issa Khan and Alam Khan So he entrusted Rapri to one of his loyal servants named Khan Lohani And after some time he forgave his uncle Alam Khan and granted him the Ittawa the fief of Ittawa Now meanwhile what exactly happened Yes Jagdishji good afternoon Meanwhile Jaunpur was under Barbakshah Correct if you recall Bahlol Lodhi defeated the Sharki dynasty ruler Masood Shah Sharki and occupied the Jaunpur region situated in the east What happened after they occupied the Jaunpur region Bahlol Lodhi had granted the region of Jaunpur to his eldest son whose name was Barbakshah Okay and now on the throne of the Delhi Sultanate was Sikandar Lodhi one of the brothers of Barbak Shah Now what happened Masood Shah Sharki has gone away Like one of his brothers whose name was Hussain Shah Sharki He incited Barbakshah and told him you are the most capable ruler the most capable Afghan You are capable enough to sit on the throne of the Delhi Sultanate and merely being granted the vice royalty is all that is needed e governorship of a minor fiefdom a small ikta Jaunpur and your brother who is no more capable than you are s seated on the throne of the Delhi Sultanate Thus you must specifically rise up against your brother and become the Sultan So Hussain Shah Sharki incited Barbak Shah who was the governor of Jaunpur at that time Now Barbak Shah without any planning without any strategy he directly rebelled against his brother Sikandar Lodi And when he rebelled against his brother Sikandar Lodi as some believe he was secretly aided by Hussain Shah Sharki But in the end what actually happened When Sikandar Lodi attacked the Jaunpur region this man Barbak Shah fled to the Badayu area in Uttar Pradesh But just as Sikandar Lodi did how did he spare his uncle whose name was Alam Khan Likewise he forgave his brother named Barbakshah And once more he was restored to the governorship of Jaunpur Okay So once again he took his seat on the throne of Jaunpur Now what happened It has always been believed that As we've studied history teaches us a great deal Never leave your enemy half dead There's one rule on the battlefield and that rule is no mercy Correct Throughout history we have seen numerous such examples For instance Muhammad Ghori's battle at Tarain against Maharana Sorry not Maharana ji specifically Prithviraj Chauhan ji So this is an example where we understand that no mercy should be shown on the battlefield What happened against This person Sikandar Lodi He showed mercy to his brother Barbakshah and restored him to the throne of Jaunpur After some time certain Hindu landlords from this region revolted Some Hindu landowners from this area rebelled Okay Now what happened Pay close attention What now This man Sikandar Lodi told his brother Barbakshah "You are seated in Jaunpur You are the governor of Jaunpur " You are the Iktadar of Jaunpur What are you doing in this situation You cannot suppress the uprising of one lakh landlords especially the Zamindars Who are the ones rebelling there He told his brother that I'm trying to control the uprising but right now I can't keep control of it Okay Meanwhile what had happened The neighboring place was Kara Pay close attention The neighboring town was Kara located near what is now Prayagraj formerly Allahabad So the son of Kara's governor He was being killed by the very people who were rebelling here by those who had risen up against him because Sikandar Lodi had said tha I will send the governor of Kara or his son to assist you and quell the rebellion at any cost But it is believed that as soon as this person arrived e what we say son of the governor of Kara he was being killed Sikandar Lodi became very astonished that the ruler the governor of Kara He is a highly capable governor I know his son very well He has fought numerous battles in the East and has triumphed in every major engagement How is it possible that this man could now fail right in front of a hundred thousand rebellious zamindars Could it be that this is some scheme of my brother Barabakhshah So after some time Sikandar Lodi He had to personally go to the battlefield and suppress the rebellion once more in the Jaunpur region and upon quelling the uprising there He came to learn one crucial fact What was that fact The uprising in the Jaunpur region had been sparked by his own brother Barabakhshah He was being assisted by Hussain Shah Sharqi apart from whom the son of the governor of Kara He was also being killed by Barabakhshah and Hussain Shah Sharqi Now this time Sikandar Lodi did not abandon his brother Hussain Shah Sharqi They were both being executed killed And thus once again Jaunpur came under the control of Sikandar Lodi Okay did you understand this Yes everyone did you get it I'll go over the key point again shortly Pay close attention to what I'm saying What had occurred during the reign of Behlul Lodi Behlul Lodi had appointed one of his sons Barabakhshah as the governor of Jaunpur Following the defeat of the Sharqi dynasty ruler Mashud Shah Sharqi After the death of Behlul Lodi Sikandar Lodi ascended the throne of the Delhi Sultanate Now Barabakhshah who was the governor of Jaunpur was being encouraged by Hussain Shah Sharqi to believe that he was more than capable and should challenge his brother and seize the throne of the Delhi Sultanate This is what Barabakhshah did But Barabakhshah was defeated by his brother Sikandar Lodi Barabakhshah fled to the area of Badayun And when Barabakhshah fled to the region of Badayun what transpired Sikandar Lodi pardoned his brother He forgave his brother And once more this individual was restored to the position we call the governorship of Jaunpur After some time once again in the region of Jaunpur there was a revolt led by certain Zamindars including Hindu Zamindars Sikandar Lodi asked his brother Barabakhshah What are you doing You should suppress the rebellion here He replied that he was trying But I can't suppress the rebel on my own So Sikandar Lodi as he claimed the son of the governor of Kara And his son was also killed Sikandar Lodi sensed that something was amiss Sikandar Lodi personally commanded the battle In such a situation It is believed that he suppressed the revolt After suppressing the rebellion he came to know that the revolt had been instigated by his brother Barabakhshah He was also involved in a conspiracy with Hussain Shah Sharqi and ultimately both were executed Jaunpur was then brought under the control of the Delhi Sultanate Is it clear now Yes Alright So as I mentioned earlier this was entirely about the actions taken against Barabakhshah Alright So we have examined How did Sikandar Lodi take action against his uncle Alam Khan after ascending the throne particularly in 1489 After this How did he take action against one of his brothers Barabakhshah the governor of Jaunpur Clear Okay Now let's learn about another important person whose name was Man Singh Tomar Okay Pay close attention And here we will understand why this person who as we say Sikandar Lodi He was interested in capturing the Gwalior region As we've discussed many times before the region of Madhya Pradesh is essentially divided into four or five geographical units The northern region of Madhya Pradesh is known as Bundelkhand and Chambal The southern region is referred to as Nimad The eastern region is known as Baghelkhand While the western part is known as Malwa the Gwalior region lies within the Bundelkhand area of Madhya Pradesh and holds strategic significance Like the fort of Gwalior it is similarly of great strategic importance another key fortress is particularly the fort of Kalinjar I’d suggest that last year I can' t recall the month Okay Last year there was a magazine called Yojana featuring the forts of India You will find references to the Gwalior Fort and the Kalinjar Fort Okay The Kalinjar Fort was also attacked by Sher Shah Suri Kalinjar Fort was also attacked by Humayun who was particularly determined Kalinjar Fort holds significant strategic importance because it stands about 800 feet above the surrounding area what we refer to as plain region And Gwalior Fort stands about 400 feet higher than the surrounding plain giving it a significant strategic advantage over enemies Okay So at all costs what happened in particular was that Sikandar Lodi sought to seize the region around Gwalior Now what actually occurred We can't call it a full-scale battle but there were certain skirmishes between Man Singh Tomar the ruler of Gwalior and Sikandar Lodi Who was Man Singh Tomar Let's explore his story Especially it is widely believed that the Gwalior region was ruled by the Tomar dynasty And the father of Man Singh Tomar was Raja Kalyanmal Tomar After the death of Raja Kalyanmal Tomar His son Raja Man Singh Tomar ascended the throne Now Man Singh Tomar he understood one thing clearly: at this particular moment he was not capable of fighting against the Delhi Sultan And in that case there would be a massive loss of both men and material So what happened Man Singh Tomar particularly during the time of Bahlol Lodi He had agreed to give him 8 lakh tankas I will give you 8 lakh tankas I will not encroach upon Delhi and you will not be encroaching on the territory of Gwalior To which Bahlol Lodi had agreed But after Bahlol Lodi Sikandar Lodi aimed to seize the Gwalior region The first reason I mentioned earlier was that Gwalior held strategic significance And the second key reason There were many Afghan soldiers who were rebelling against Sikandar Lodi in Delhi prompting Sikandar Lodi to take severe measures against these Afghan nobles So these Afghan nobles fled from Delhi and came into the region of Gwalior Who offered them refuge Man Singh Tomar did And so now Sikandar Lodi wanted to capture the region of Gwalior for two reasons: first its strategic importance second Man Singh Tomar He had granted asylum to the Afghan rebels from Delhi Therefore this man Sikandar Lodi decided that I am going to specifically capture the region of Gwalior Sikandar Lodi led an expedition and crossed the Chambal River Now before crossing the Chambal region what happened He launched an attack on the Dhaulpur region which is located in Rajasthan Alright He launched an attack on the Dhaulpur region which is located in Rajasthan What exactly happened again The ruler of Dhaulpur was Vinayak Dev He fled away from Dhaulpur And where was he hiding He was hiding in the court of Man Singh Tomar So Man Singh Tomar He had granted asylum to Vinayak Dev The ruler of Dhaulpur had also harbored Afghan rebels Now this man Sikandar Lodi was determined to take drastic action I must capture Gwalior at all costs So what happened He crossed the Chambal River The moment he decided to cross the Chambal River There was an outbreak of disease in that region Many of his soldiers died Many of his soldiers perished At this particular point in time Man Singh Tomar He handled the situation with great diplomacy He knew one thing: the time was not right to confront the Delhi Sultan As I've told you because it would result in massive loss of life and resources The best course of action is to conclude a treaty Right along the banks of the Chambal River itself Man Singh Tomar sent one of his sons whose name was Vikramaditya To meet Sikandar Lodi Vikramaditya son of Man Singh Tomar met the person known as Sikandar Lodi and an agreement was reached As per the agreement specifically It was decided that we won't be attacking the region of Delhi We will return the Afghan rebels to you but there is one condition: Dhaulpur must be handed back It should be returned to Vinayak Dev and you will take no action against him Sikandar Lodi agreed So even after this he had raided the Gwalior region numerous times Okay Man Singh Tomar a very famous personality You may have heard about this That's right Let me give you a brief example about him Have you heard of Tansen Ji Yes Tansen have you heard about him Tansen was a court poet During whose time Any idea Yes Just a quick question Tansen was a court musician He was one of the Navratnas of Akbar's court Also known as Mia Tansen Go ahead and guess wildly No guesses Guys Tansen was a court poet and one of Akbar's Navratnas Yes Yash you're absolutely right But let me tell you something Pay attention Tansen is known as the monarch of Hindustani classical music the North Indian tradition His original name was Ram Tanu Pandey And he was born into the God Brahman family in the northwestern region of Madhya Pradesh Okay Before gracing the court of Akbar Tansen also known as Ram Tanu Pandey graced the court of Mansingh Tomar and was one of his nine jewels the Navratnas Okay He got his first big opportunity in music particularly thanks to Mansingh Tomar After that he also served as a courtier or musician in the court of Ram Chandra Singh He was a ruler of Rewa Rewa once more is a location in Madhya Pradesh And at the age of 60 He was a distinguished figure in Akbar' s court at the time Just as with him we might say his childhood what we refer to as the beginning of his career was in music The break was initially granted by Mansingh Tomar and later by Ram Chandra Singh of Rewa Maharaj Ram Chandra Singh of Rewa And later he was in Akbar's court at the age of 60 Okay Another important thing as we call it Mansingh Tomar I'll share one more fact with you He built the Gurjari Mahal And Gurjari Mahal was built by the ruler of Gwalior Mansingh Tomar for his wife whose name was Mrignayani So all this information is about Mansingh Tomar and Sikandar Lodi I' ll repeat the point again within 30 seconds Pay close attention Okay Yes Famous for Deepak Raag Sikandar Lodi aspired to capture the region of Gwalior and there was a reason behind this—it was of strategic importance Secondly Mansingh Tomar the ruler of Gwalior had provided refuge to the Afghan rebels First point Second point: when this individual Sikandar Lodi had launched an attack on the Dhaulpur region in Rajasthan where the local ruler Vinayak Dev was based He fled from there from the battlefield and sought refuge once more in the court of Mansingh Tomar Thus Mansingh Tomar had granted asylum to two different groups of people One was Vinayak Dev the ruler of Dhaulpur And the second was the Afghan rebels from Delhi And so now Mansingh Tomar sorry Sikandar Lodi sought to seize the region of Gwalior from Mansingh Tomar but Mansingh Tomar knew tha There would be a heavy loss of men and supplies So as soon as Sikandar Lodi crossed the Chambal River Mansingh Tomar sent one of his sons whose name was Vikramaditya came to negotiate a deal with Sikandar Lodi And finally it is believed that here Sikandar Lodi agreed tha You must specifically pay tribute Simply put Mansinghji was required to pay tribute to the Sultan In addition Vinayak Dev would be restored Back to the location of Dhaulpur Okay I've provided you with the additional information about Tansen Tansen was a court poet in the court of Mansingh Tomar Later in life at the age of 60 he became the court poet of Akbar Tansen's original name was Ram Tanu Pandey Got the points clear He also worked as a musician at the court of Maharaja Ramchandra Singhji of Rewa So this is mainly about what we call The major expeditions were led by Sikandar Lodi Is it clear Yes everyone is that clear For those who are new or for those who already know that the session starts at one o'clock Just for a week or so the timing has been moved to 3 p m so this week's session will primarily take place around that time And I'll try to restore the session from 1 p m Okay as this person Sikandar Lodi was returning from the Gwalior expedition He arrived captured one of the forts—known as Mandrial Fort And he was traveling through one of the regions known as Agra which is also mentioned in the Mahabharata under the name Agra due to the forests surrounding the Agra region It is now believed that after moving from the Gwalior expedition he captured the Mandrial Fort And after that he arrived in a region of Agra He found the place highly appealing There was a clear reason for this Since Agra was located close to Delhi and other regions other fiefs So now he decided to keep his epicenter of activities in Agra Thus Sikandar Lodi is regarded as the laying the foundation of the city of Agra Sikandar Lodi there are many noteworthy aspects about him Sikandar Lodi established a standardized unit of land revenue measurement which is known as Gaj-e-Sikandri We have discussed Allahuddin Khilji and I have mentioned one land revenue measurement own as the Biswa or Bissa system Correct You may have come across various terms such as hectare acre bigaha bissa and gaj Thus the gaj which refers to the land revenue system was introduced by Sikandar Lodi and as a result it is also known as Gaj-e-Sikandri He laid down the foundation of the city of Agra He was a bigot Simple words He was a fundamentalist follower of Islam He re-imposed the jizya tax on non-Muslims What is jaziya Jaziya is a religious tax specifically a poll tax imposed on non-Muslims Women beggars and children were exempted exemption from the payment of jaziya Sikandar Lodi however there's a beautiful story behind this He came into contact with one of the most renowned bhakti saints of his time whose name was Saint Kabir Just as we'll explore the bhakti movement in medieval India Okay Jagdish the Telegram channel name is history_alok_ojha Okay Kabir So in the bhakti movement we will study different bhakti saints such as Gnaneshwar Ji Tukaram Ji and Ramanand Ji Apart from this we'll study the different bhakti saints of North India such as Kabir Ji Ravidas Ji and Mirabai Ji Okay Many bhakti saints Among these bhakti saints there were two main categories: saguna and nirguna Saguna essentially means that they believe God possesses forms and attributes similar to human beings I'll give you a very simple example We worship Lord Krishna We worship Lord Shiva We worship Lord Hanuman and Lord Ram But in that case it is believed that we have given them a form similar to humans so that is referred to as saguna—forms and attributes resembling those of humans Correct But nirguna essentially means God has no forms or attributes He is omnipresent He is present everywhere So Kabir he was one of the disciples of the Saint Ramanand And Saint Kabir particularly he was a nirguna saint Although his guru Ramanand was saguna he still remained a nirguna saint Now it is believed tha He has preached religious equality stating that Ram and Rahim are one and the same That is he never as we might say created anything new he was not merely a bhakti reformer but also a socio-religious reformer The most fitting description of Kabir was that of a socio-religious reformer He introduced changes in society and fiercely challenged orthodoxy Whether it is Hinduism or Islam it is believed that many scholars from the region of Varanasi or Kashi hold the view that this occurred 52 times Saint Kabir was ordered to be killed why Because of his teachings which were quite simple in that case Now how did Sikandar Lodhi come into contact with Saint Kabir There is an intriguing story behind this As I've mentioned Sikandar Lodhi— He was a bigot He was a fundamentalistic follower of Islam It is believed that he had openly burned a Brahmin alive for questioning the ayats of the Quran He had destroyed numerous temples because he followed a policy known as shikhan which essentially meant the destruction of temples and the spread of Islam But when he came into contact with Kabir his mindset changed Many historians also compared Sikandar Lodhi to Aurangzeb and many historians also believed that particularly Many historians also believed that Sikandar Lodhi was more fundamentalistic more aggressive and more cruel than Aurangzeb Okay Now Sikandar Lodhi was suffering from a skin disease and when he was afflicted with this condition it is believed that his entire body was affected He used to have numerous rashes and constant burning sensations all over his body which made it impossible for him to eat or sleep properly Hakim Vaidya Bheshaj Mishak Physicians everyone was summoned No one could heal his skin condition So someone suggested go to Kashi And when you go to Kashi meet Saint Kabir there—he might be able to cure your skin condition as Kabir Ji was also renowned for his miraculous powers So this person Sikandar Lodhi was there are so many expert physicians Fakirs Bheshaj Mishak Vaidya—none of them can cure my skin condition How could a regular Fakir possibly heal my skin disease right away And first of all if I go to Kashi to meet him I'll behead him right away because I've been complaining for the 52 times from various sources The ulemas and the qazi opposed him But he still went to Kashi As he arrived in Kashi he met the ruler who told him that he should meet Saint Kabir And it is believed that this person he goes to meet Kabir Ji and as soon as he goes to meet Kabir Ji he immediately realizes one thing There was an ashram belonging to Ramanand Ji Ramanand Ji was the guru of Saint Kabir So he was waiting outside the ashram of Ramanand Ji And he knew that by evening Kabir Ji would come for the Aarti and that was when I would meet Kabir Ji So he was just standing outside the Ashram and asked the people around it "Can I go inside " There were certain disciples of Ramanand Ji present They said "Let me consult our Guru Ramanand Ji " So at that particular moment what occurred At that exact moment These disciples came to ask Ramanand Ji "Sikandar Lodhi the Sultan of Delhi is standing outside and requests your permission to enter and rest for a while " Ramanand Ji denied this and said that this place is for everyone but not for the one who is cruel or opposed to humanity who believes in the massacre of the people And first and foremost it is the Sultan's duty to work for the well-being of his subjects and not to massacre them Such a Sultan is not welcome in my Ashram Wait outside then From the window the Sultan listened to every word and fury surged within him He became furious and irritated Immediately he entered the Ashram and beheaded Ramanand Ji the guru of Kabir Ji After some time he realized his mistake What did I do How will Kabir Ji now cure me Kabir Ji arrives in the evening and when Kabir Ji comes in the evening he bows before Kabir Ji who knows everything—that he has killed his Guru But still Kabir Ji blesses him and various mythological tales say that once again his guru Ramanand Ji came back to life Thanks to the miraculous powers of Kabir Ji And this man Sikandar Lodi he too was healed of his skin disease Therefore after this He became one of Kabir Ji's followers We can't say he fully followed Kabir Ji but he was no longer opposed to him Okay That was one of the stories particularly about Kabir and Sikandar Lodi In addition he wrote poems under the pen name Gul Rukhi in which he described the way of life of the people during the time of the Delhi Sultanate The way of life of the nobles the way of life of the Sultan and everything else —simply put he gave us in poetic form the essence of social life during that era And the pen name used for the poem was Gul Rukhi Thus Gul Rukhi was the pen name of the poem written by Sikandar Lodi Alright Sikandar Lodi was specifically disbelieved when it came to claims that he consistently supported peasants and farmers For instance he supposedly abolished grain taxes for the following six months because he knew that in the event of a famine or plague the peasants or cultivators would be unable to pay taxes to the administration Thus he abolished the corn duties at that time Aside from this if peasants faced any difficulties they were provided with free rations for the next six months to a year These steps were taken by Sikandar Lodi Sikandar Lodi died in Delhi Particularly his tomb is located in Kherpur village which is in Delhi So this is mainly about Sikandar Lodi And finally Sikandar Lodi was succeeded by one of the other rulers whose name was Ibrahim Lodi ruthless and aggressive who routinely humiliated his nobles openly in court and that became one of the key reasons The nobles grew furious and invited Babur to invade India primarily because of Sikandar Lodi—hopefully you now understand the situation with Sikandar Lodi everyone Any doubt any question Yes perfect As Yash has mentioned here this is the favorite one Yes there are many Dohas by Kabir Ji If you'd like to note down one important fact I'll tell you The collection of Kabir Ji' s Dohas is known as Bijak I repeat the collection of Kabir Ji's Dohas is known as Bijak UPSC may ask questions regarding terminology What is Bijak Okay This primarily concerns Sikandar Lodi I hope you've understood Sikandar Lodi everyone So tomorrow we'll study about Ibrahim Lodi Those aspirants those who are targeting for 2026 Okay Resolution P2I batch And this is in English That's a mix of Hindi and English A separate batch for Hindi medium and a completely separate batch for English medium Full preparation from prelims to interview Okay What should the strategy be For the prelims examination How many hours should be dedicated to each individual subject How to connect current affairs to the various aspects of the subjects we consider important For instance let me give you a brief example Art and culture Initially you might have noticed that in art and culture the questions usually focused on music dance forms and classical languages These days in fact even the questions Art and culture are directly linked to current events aren't they Therefore it's essential to stay informed Yesterday I gave you an example about Ambu Bachi Mela Correct So what is Ambu Bachi Mela Ambu Bachi Mela is celebrated at the Kamakhya Devi Temple which is located in Assam Guwahati Okay And particularly it is believed that Goddess Kamakhya undergoes a menstrual cycle each year And during these days There is extensive tantric worship This festival is also known as the Amiyeti Festival It is also referred to as the Mahakumbh of the East And here tourists arrive in large numbers from various regions not only across India but around the world This year it was observed from the 22nd to the 25th of June Likewise you may have been you may have heard about the Jagannath Rath Yatra Once again an important story from the standpoint of art and culture Another significant update I'm telling you Pandharpurwari Explore Pandharpurwari news It is devoted to Vithalji Lord Vishnuji It is observed the region of Maharashtra So there are questions that arise particularly also from current affairs and are linked to history So subjects will be taught to you in that way First of all The badge is entirely in English That will be of great assistance to the candidates especially those from South India and the northeastern region of India Okay And the badge prizes are quite modest and they're starting from 9999 for the aspirants aiming for 2026 and the code is flashing on your screen—the code is Alok Life So you can use the code to avail the benefits of this badge Secondly ose targeting for 2027 the same badges in English Hindi and English solely badge dedicated to what we say what we say completely English Alright In that case the prize once more is 34 000 999 The code is Alok life Those aiming for 2027 You're the main focus and that would be reflected in the response as well The badge will begin on July15 2025 at 6 p m That's the evening badge And then finally comes The resolution badge for 2028 You're starting from the basics It's a long-term badge starting from the basics You'll be taught these things I'm currently attending lectures on resolution badge as well I've already covered prehistoric culture and the basics of the Indus Valley civilization I've covered the basics of Vedic civilization Today I'll be covering the basics of Mahajan Pats as well So apart from this daily basis I also cover answer writing Practice in answer writing is also a crucial component of this Okay And the GS Foundation badge is part of the P2I prelims-to-interview program Again the same applies in English Hindi and English Exclusive badge for English only Use the code alok life and prices start at 499 for a 999 trip The batch will begin on July 14 2025 Again it's a 6 p m batch so this is a long-term badge everyone You can claim the benefits by using the code flashing on your screen—this is a live look You can download the session 's PDF from my Telegram channel history Underscore Alok Hoja First if you have any doubt regarding Sir which NCRT should be read Is it necessary to read the NCRT Or a Tamil Nadu State Board textbook Okay what's the importance of answer writing I can't create a proper timetable because I work and also attend college I can't commit full time to studying What strategy should I follow here So feel free to reach out to me You can also send me a direct message on Telegram These are the courses available The mentorship program is also set to begin very soon I've shared the Google form on the Telegram channel If you'd like me to be your mentor You can fill out the Google form and reach out to me directly with this I'll wrap up for the day everyone Thank you and have a wonderful day Okay