Mystery Of Indus Valley Civilization- India's First Developed Civilization in World (DOCUMENTARY)

Thousands of years ago in many parts of the world People were living in forests and huts At that very moment a civilization had already taken root on Indian soil Where the cities were planned The drains flowed beneath the ground And every house stood in accordance with a rule This was the Harappan civilization But the question is How did such an advanced system suddenly come into being How they lived what they ate And how did they vanish from history Similarly fascinating facts about the Harappan civilization This documentary will reveal So watch until the end of the video And if you're interested in such fascinating and thoroughly researched content They enjoy documentaries Don't forget to subscribe to the channel Because making a documentary like this requires We have to put in hours of hard work and research It was the year 1829 That was the era when Britain ruled over India Historians around the world and British scholars alike believed this India's history is not that old They stated that the beginning of Indian civilization dates back to It occurred with Alexander's invasion in 326 BCE In their view India was a land of sparrows villages and nomads They thought building the city and the system It only comes to people from Western countries or Mesopotamia But in 1829 an American traveler Their gaze fell upon the vast ancient dunes of the Inthos She was so incredibly beautiful that Mason felt There must be an old castle here They mentioned it in their diary But unfortunately at the time no one paid much attention to what they were saying Now came the year 1856 when British engineers John Branton and William Branton arrived They were laying the railway line from Lahore to Multan At that moment their gaze fell upon the towering dunes of Haddapaa They thought this was a free mine for the In'tos and the laborers were ordered to begin Before anyone could react millions of ancient Haddapa stones were uprooted The dish our ancestors cooked thousands of years ago They were crushed beneath the railway tracks after being broken apart But amidst this destruction Sir Alexander Cunningham discovered something there That forced them to reconsider A stone seal featuring a bull And above a script was written that no one could read Cunningham knew this object was far older than the time of Alexander But she couldn't determine exactly how old it was It took until 1920 for the truth to come to light When excavations began under the leadership of Sir John Marshall Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India In Punjab Dayaram Sahani excavated the land of Harappa And in Sindh Rakhal Das Bannerjee cleared the mounds of Mohenjo-daro As the soil was cleared away The British illusion that India was a backward country gradually shattered There was no cot down there There were two-story brick houses there There was no forest there There was the world's most comprehensive urban planning located there In 1924 when news of this discovery was announced The entire world held its breath India's history suddenly went back 2 000 years The world had to acknowledge that Egypt along with Mesopotamia India also had a third and most advanced civilization And this discovery did not remain limited to Harappa or Mohenjo-daro When the excavation area was later expanded It turned out that the magnitude of this mystery was truly immense Two major cities Harappa and Mohenjo-daro among others are included Many ancient villages were discovered along the Indus River Therefore it is known as the Indus Valley Civilization Approximately one hundred years ago Archaeological searches for the Saites of the Indus Valley Civilization continue From Uratab the Indus Valley Civilization has thus far It must have been over 1 400 years since the Sajjadahs were established Search sites nearby Around one hundred sites were discovered near the Indus River While fifty sites have been discovered around the Ghaghara River This search continues to this day The massive dockyard built by the Portuguese in Lothal Gujarat has been unearthed This proves that our ancestors traded with the rest of the world via the sea route This civilization spanning 130 000 square kilometers Even when compared to the civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia at that time it was twice as large So let us journey back 5 000 years to the story of the ancient and great Indus Valley Civilization How did the people of Harappa develop such advanced technology and architecture without machines or modern tools How they lived what they ate and how they thought And the elements of the Harappan civilization that will make you proud to be Indian Friends Harappa and Mohenjo-daro did not rise overnight This was no magic—it was the result of thousands of years of struggle and the human mind's relentless pursuit This is the very place where on the Indian subcontinent a human being first changed their fate Here our ancestors left behind stone tools for hunting and took up plows for farming That was around 1000 BCE Humans had long stopped fleeing from animals They learned to settle in one place began cultivating wheat and barley for the first time and started raising sheep and goats as domesticated animals Mehrgarh was the laboratory of the Harappan civilization where the foundations of the first village were laid Thousands of years passed and the population began to grow Now the hilly terrain of Mehrgarh became increasingly insufficient for these people who needed more water They Dhu and Sarasvati flowed toward the vast flat plains of the Ghaggar-Hakra rivers This was the era when small settlements began to emerge along the riverbanks of the early Harappan phase It still wasn't the Haddapa we know today—these people were still learning How to avoid the plague They began constructing makeshift walls around their huts They were learning to use copper It was a networking era when people from different backgrounds were connecting with one another And a common culture was emerging Then came the time around 2600 BCE which historians refer to It was a time when the pace of development suddenly transformed everything The small towns nestled along the riverbanks abruptly became vast metropolises And here’s something very strange that happened: from Kashmir to Gujarat across millions of square kilometers millions of people suddenly began living in exactly the same way No matter which city you go to—whether it’s Harappa Mohenjo-daro or Kalibanga—this same pattern emerged It was a vast empire organized and functioning in perfect harmony They had simply boarded but how they managed to do so remains unclear Without machines without iron tools without modern engineering How did they build cities whose planning leaves today's engineers utterly amazed Friends if you visit an old city today you'll find crooked and winding alleys But if you travel back 4 500 years using a time machine heading straight for Mohenjo-daro you won’t get lost Why Because it was the world's first city built on a grid system When the historians conducted the excavation they were stunned The roads here were built in an excellent manner The main road ran perfectly straight from north to south intersected at precise right angles by narrow alleyways Mohan's main street known as the Great Bath Street or First Street was approximately 10 meters wide Two ox carts can easily pass side by side on such a wide path And this design wasn't just about beauty—it was pure science at work Wind direction was carefully considered so that when the wind blows dust accumulated on the roads would naturally blow out of the city But their true engineering was hidden within their design In those days people of the Mesopotamian civilization were using sun-dried mud bricks But the people of Mehrgarh used baked bricks made in clay ovens which did not absorb water for thousands of years And here's a crucial fact highlighting their strict administration It remains a mystery to this day—something even more astonishing than the streets themselves Underground drainage system Friends in 18th-century London and Paris people used to dump garbage in the streets But 5 000 years ago the people of the Indus Valley Civilization had the world's first covered drainage system Along every alley drains ran alongside paved with bricks or stone slabs Engineers had made extremely precise adjustments to the channels to control the flow of water And most importantly for sanitation men's restrooms were built at short intervals Sieves and mesh filters were installed to screen out debris preventing waste from clogging the drains ahead These modern sewage systems are nothing but copies of the ancient Haddapa system Now let's go inside their homes The homes here bear witness to the fact that these people also harbored a deep aversion to intrusion and held privacy in the highest regard Most homes did not have their main entrance facing the road but instead opened onto a back alley Each house had a central courtyard surrounded by rooms on all sides Two-story homes were common with ladders provided for access to the upper level Most remarkably during excavations at Mohenjo-daro over a hundred private wells were discovered meaning residents did not need to go all the way to the river to fetch water Every home had its own running water system In some homes pipes were installed inside the walls directly channeling bathroom wastewater into the outside sewer But if you want to see the Taj Mahal of Harappa Engineering you'll have to visit the Great Bath of Mohenjo-daro It's a massive structure resembling a swimming pool roughly eighty-one feet long and thirty feet wide But it wasn't for bathing—perhaps it was for a religious ritual Was making a leak-proof tank really such a simple task a few years ago Not only water but they also knew how to keep food safe to eat In Harappa large granaries and grain storage facilities have been discovered Air ducts had been installed in their walls to allow airflow So that the grain doesn't rot and air can circulate That was the cold storage of its time And soon you'll find out what was stored in this granary And if we talk about Dholavira in Gujarat it was a city made of stones Where the rest of the city was made of stone Carved stones were used at Dholavira All these clues—intumescence ratios drainage patterns waterproofing features—point to just one thing They weren't gamblers they were skilled artisans But friends there's a major twist here Such vast roads and immaculate drainage systems could never exist without a king or an administration So let's find out who ruled over this civilization Friends there's a straightforward rule in history: wherever there is a great civilization there is a great king Egypt had the Pharaohs who built massive pyramids like mountains for themselves In ancient Mesopotamia warrior kings erected large stone monuments to commemorate their victories But when we excavate Harappa we are utterly astonished For a thousand years rule endured here cities rose and trade flourished But we didn't find a single large statue of a king No golden throne was found No grand palace was found that stood apart from the rest So the question remains: who was really running this vast thirteen-million-kilometer empire What was that invisible force that everyone from Kashmir to Gujarat feared Archaeologists have three major theories regarding this We have discovered a statue of a bearded man from Mohenjo-daro She has placed a shawl with a three-leaf design on it There's a strange focus in his eyes Some say he was the region's religious leader or priest wielding authority under the guise of religion Because back then religion and power were one and the same Some other scholars believe that here there was a merchant guild ruling Power here was not wielded by the sword but by money and trade Perhaps there wasn't a single king but rather a council of wealthy merchants who collectively made decisions for the city Some believe that Harappa and Mohenjo-daro each had their own separate governments yet their laws and constitutions were essentially the same Truth be told such immense complexity cannot sustain itself on its own The uniform ratio of plots consistent urban planning and standardized regulations across the entire region all point to the existence of some form of centralized governance in Harappa Now let's talk about society—while it's often claimed that everyone in Harappa was equal the truth is that inequality existed there too clearly evident in the layout of their cities Each city was divided into two parts The Western Mound was the western section of the city built on a raised platform of rough stone about 40 to 50 feet above ground level surrounded on all sides by thick walls Commoners were forbidden from entering Here stood grand bathhouses assembly halls and vast granaries Historians believe this was the residence of the ruling elite priests or the city's top one percent of wealthy individuals—essentially the VIP district of its time On the other side to the east lay the It was evident even in the alleys of the lower city Look at the sizes of the houses found in the excavation and the difference will become clear On one side we have large ones on the other small ones Havelis have been preserved each with 20 to 30 rooms featuring a large central courtyard and the ultimate luxury of a private well within the home And right in that same city on the other side we found small houses with single rooms where entire families lived in just one room—Hampi was no paradise There was also a deep divide between the rich and the poor there When the Harappan civilization had such advanced cities without any king what must life have been like for the average person And most importantly how did the people there practice farming The people of Harappa were not only masters at city-building but also scientific farmers Who was feeding millions of people living in such vast cities The answer is Harappa's farmer—these were no ordinary peasants They were agricultural scientists who transformed forests into farmland and grew food from dry soil Burnt grains found in the excavation indicate that her plate was never left empty But their list doesn't end here—they were also growing chickpeas mung beans mustard sesame and pulses They had a complete understanding of protein and carbohydrate balance as well as the methods of farming In Kali Banga Rajasthan we discovered the oldest plowed field in the world There the lines intersect each other at right angles This means they grew two crops such as wheat and mustard together in the same field This is what is called science-based multi-cropping today Which our ancestors were already using 4 500 years ago But friends grain was being grown all over the world The farmers of Harappa gave the world something that completely transformed the way humans live It was cotton When the people of Egypt were wearing linen and Europeans were wrapping themselves in animal hides Indian farmers were cultivating white gold in their fields We have found cotton fibers at Mehrgarh and Mohenjo-daro It was the world's first textile industry Now the question is how did they grow all of this Did they just sit there soaking in the rain No they knew how to control water We have found ancient dams made of stones in the regions of Balochistan and Sindh That channeled rainwater to the fields But the most extensive evidence of water management is found at Dholavira in Gujarat Sixteen large stone reservoirs carved from rock have been discovered Some of them are 240 feet long and 40 feet wide They were connected to each other through underground sewers When the river flooded its water was stored in these tanks The system had grown so large that it could hold millions of liters of water The one that quenched the city's thirst throughout the year and kept the fields alive What did the scene look like when the labor from the fields reached the family kitchen In the excavation we discovered hearths and fire pits built into the ground inside the houses of Harappa That means people were already enjoying hot freshly baked tandoori roti over 5 000 years ago They were not merely vegetarians The river's wild creatures ducks deer and sheep and goat meat were also consumed And flavor—scientists have detected traces of spices and plants in the pottery vessels of Harappa This indicates that people were already cooking grains with spices as far back as 5 000 years ago These are the earliest known evidence of spiced food in the world Now let's talk about the people of Harpapa and their celebration and gathering The people of Harappa especially women greatly enjoyed decorating and adorning themselves Check out the famous dancing girl statue from Mohenjo-daro One hand is adorned with bangles running from the shoulder down to the wrist Just as women from the Bhanjara or tribal communities in Rajasthan and Gujarat still wear them today This fashion hasn't changed in 5 000 years and men were no exception Look closely at the statue of the priest-king from Mohenjo-daro Look at his beard—how perfectly trimmed They wear a headband and on the shawl they've draped there is embroidery of three leaves When it comes to craftsmanship the Harappan artisans were true magicians They crafted jewelry from gold and silver of course But their true identity lay within Carnelian's mind These were precious red-colored stones They developed the micro-drilling technique specifically for carving They carved such a fine hole between the stones that it's difficult to achieve today without machinery The red stones of Harappa were so renowned that they have been found even in royal treasuries thousands of kilometers away in Mesopotamia But the true essence of any society is not found in its buildings but in the laughter of its children In the excavation we found almost no weapons but thousands of toys—clay carts with wheels that actually turned The presence of figurines depicting buffaloes with shaking heads and birds suggests that Harappa was a society free from stress and deeply devoted to peace When agriculture in the Harappan civilization was so advanced what must their trade have been like Friends the artisans of Hadhapur who used gold copper and precious stones weren't found in their own cities So where exactly was this coming from Right here we finally uncover the source of their supply chain These people traveled thousands of kilometers in search of resources Gold came from the Kolar mines in Karnataka southern India Lapis lazuli the most valuable stone was sourced from the mines of Khetri in Rajasthan and transported from distant Afghanistan The Harappan scientists had developed the lost wax technique for creating statues First create a wax model then apply clay over it heat it to melt out the wax and finally pour molten metal into the empty space It was this very advanced technology that created masterpieces like Dancing Girl but commerce extended far beyond mere land In Lothal Gujarat we've uncovered something that even left modern engineers astounded There is a large pond made of stone blocks which was once the world's oldest tidal port The engineers of Harappa had a deep understanding of the tides of the sea They transformed the port into a place where when the sea tide rises and water levels increase the area remains protected And large ships should be able to easily dock inside the city without the water flowing back into the sea They had installed wooden lock gates for this purpose—exactly the same technique used today in the Bana Canal Our ancestors were already using it over 4 500 years ago Boats sailed from here across the Arabian Sea directly toward the Gulf countries We know they traveled abroad because the name Meluha keeps appearing repeatedly on ancient clay tablets from Mesopotamia The kings of Mesopotamia proudly wrote that black ships from Meluhha anchored at our ports According to historians Meluhha was none other than our own Harappan civilization which traded elephants' tusks spices timber and peacocks there Harappan The stamps were found in Iraq Bahrain and Oman That meant India's coin was in circulation within the global economy of that era Identification was essential for business purposes Therefore they used seal stones made of semiprecious stones When the goods were packed into burlap sacks they were either sealed with wet mud or tightly tied shut These were like today's barcodes or brand logos If the seal is intact the item is secure These are the seals featuring a one-horned animal and their inscribed cuneiform script Agriculture was the second-largest occupation in the Harappan society Pottery or the crafting of clay vessels But these were not ordinary pots from the village Trees shrubs peacocks and geometric patterns were printed on the utensils These utensils were so strong and beautiful that they ruled every kitchen from wealthy homes to humble households alike Cities located along the coast such as Nageshwar and Balakot had their own distinct industry thriving there It was the Shank Industry Artisans would extract shell from the sea and use it to craft bangles necklaces and other ornaments The bangles from the Harappan civilization were renowned throughout the Indian subcontinent Think for a moment about the walls of those cities This was the work of the royal officials In Harappa the profession of the royal scribe must have been highly esteemed Because it was their responsibility to ensure everything—from the drainage channels to the well rims—was perfectly aligned When the people of the Harappan civilization were so busy with trade whom did they worship And was the same reverence accorded to our deities as to theirs Friends in those days religion in Egypt and Mesopotamia meant power for kings The kings there built temples towering like mountains for themselves so the people would remain in fear But Haddapa we didn't find a single temple during the excavation here No colossal statue was found before which thousands of people would gather So were these people atheists No their faith was not in buildings but in nature These people may have been the first humans in history to do so Those who did not follow the path of Int Paththar Rather worship the power that sustains life In the excavation we have discovered thousands of clay figurines of women They are referred to by archaeologists simply as the Devi the Mother Goddess These statues are vid and lifelike A crown like a fan rests upon its head and necklaces adorn its neck Perhaps these people were dancing on the earth She who provides grain and life to all This suggests that the Harappan society had Honoring female power was the highest priority But the greatest mystery is hidden on a small seal Carefully examine this seal you've found with Mohenjo-daro A man sits in a yoga pose on it Just as we sit in yoga with Patanjali today He wears a crown of thorns upon his head It has three faces and animals surround it on all sides Elephant deer bison and wild boar Historians refer to it as Pashupati Nath Lord of animals also known as Pashupati Many scholars believe this is the oldest form of Lord Shiva The people of Harappa were nature lovers Their stamps feature images of peepal trees Still considered sacred in India today They worshipped hump-backed bulls and snakes And a sign that will catch your attention healthy We have found the sign of Swastika on several seals from Harappa The very symbol that still adorns the doorstep of every Indian home today Created for auspicious purposes How deep are the roots of our culture This belongs to him But the way worship was performed was not the same everywhere In Kali Banga Rajasthan and Lauthal Gujarat We have found clay fire pits inside the houses Perhaps the people there prefer worshipping idols instead of They performed rituals such as hawan or yajna It was this diversity that made the beauty of this harmony so exquisite What did these people do after they passed away The people of Egypt made mummies But the people of Harpapa buried the corpses The heads of the deceased were always placed toward the north in graves And the most fascinating part They carried the pot of ashes and the mind's And sometimes they even kept copper mirrors Perhaps they believed they'd need these things in their next life Friends the people of Harpapa simply add ten And they did not know how to grow grain They also knew how to celebrate life The strongest evidence for this is found Mohan from a house in Jodhpur There we found a four-inch-tall statue made of cast iron Bronze Statue has been delivered As we had just mentioned a little while ago Watch how he stands One hand resting slightly back on the waist And an incredible self-confidence on his face One of his arms is adorned from top to bottom with bangles This is no goddess this is an artist It indicates that the evenings in Harappa were not silent Music played there the rhythmic beat of the dholak And there was dancing They celebrated their victory with joy But who were those ARs exactly What songs did they sing We don't know We don't know the name of their festivals for that reason Because their names the green ones from the Sap are still alive today A mystery remains unsolved During the excavations at Harappa we have uncovered more than 4 000 objects bearing some form of writing Think about it friends—what will happen on the day this script is read We'll find out which festival they used to celebrate Was it something like today's Holi or Baisakhi Friends by the time the 1900s arrived something had changed in the winds of the Indus Valley The city that had been running for 700 years was now beginning to catch its breath The streets of Mohenjo-daro were no longer being cleaned The drains once a model of engineering were now clogged with garbage But why Why was such a powerful society kneeling down For years were taught in history books about the end of the Harappan civilization In the 1940s the renowned British archaeologist Sir Mortimer Wheeler proposed a theory Aryan Invasion Theory They stated that the foreign invaders the Aryans mercilessly slaughtered the peaceful inhabitants of Haddapa Citing the Rigveda where Indra is mentioned as having destroyed Dvaraka the fortified city But friends modern science has completely overturned this theory Later American archaeologist George F Dales重新 examined Mohenjo-daro They demonstrated through their research at the mythical site of Mohenjo-daro that the bones found there showed no signs of warfare or weapons They died not in the attack but from disease malaria and weakness Rakhi Gadi Haryana's fresh DIA test results also indicate that no foreign attack had occurred So if no enemy came who was the killer The killer was not a person but climate At that time tectonic plates in the Himalayas shifted causing major earthquakes that altered the land's slope The lifeline of the Harappan civilization was two rivers the Indus and the Saraswati along whose banks numerous settlements of this civilization such as Kalibangan and Banawali were situated and which formed a vast river system Due to the tectonic shift the two tributary rivers feeding Saraswati changed their courses: the Yamuna turned eastward and joined the Ganges while the Sutlej turned westward and merged into the Indus As a result the mighty Sarasvati River became orphaned and gradually dwindled into a dry channel and trouble never comes alone—just then monsoons weakened across the entire world an effect clearly visible in satellite data collected by NASA When rivers dried up and rainfall ceased the impact was felt directly along the food chain Without water the double cropping system collapsed and grain storage bins began to empty When even the last grain of rice was gone what could they possibly sell But friends the people of Hadrapa did not perish They were incredibly tenacious and wise When they realized the city was turning into a graveyard they made their decision They said goodbye forever to their beloved cities and the homes of their ancestors They departed eastward and southward leaving behind the Indus and the dried-up Sarasvati Where the plains of the Ganges and Yamuna were lush and green Western Uttar Pradesh Haryana Gujarat and northern Maharashtra have now become their new home On the other side of the world another equally advanced civilization existed—the Maya civilization But one day it vanished from history Click if you'd like to see it