Harappa Civilization Explained - हडपप सभयत क रहसय - Indus Valley Civilization ,upsc ssc

Hello friends Did you know what the Harappan civilization was like Today we'll go and see for ourselves The true city of Harappa Come on friends Now let us travel back thousands of years It's directly in that moment Wow Friends this is the real Harappan civilization Look at how wide these roads are And these homes made from iron sheets the arrangement of drains And the cleanliness all around is so remarkable Friends Harappa was not just a city but much more This was a complete civilization According to friends the Harappan period It is believed to have existed from 2500 BCE to 1750 BCE Did you know that the Indus Valley Civilization is Why is it called the Harappan Civilization Because the Harappa site was discovered first Thus it came to be known as Harappa We divide the Harappan period into three phases Friends Harappa's beginnings came first Lagbakh 3300 BCE Here small villages and mud houses Gradually from 2600 to 1900 BCE Harappa matured into a great urban center And then from 1900 to 1300 BCE Harappa gradually weakened over time Some parts of the city have been reduced to rubble Its extension extends from Afghanistan The Indus Valley Civilization as the third ancient civilization It was renowned alongside Egypt and Mesopotamia Friends by Dayaram Sahani in 1921 Excavations were conducted at the Harappa site And in 1931 Sir John Marshall This discovery has proven tha Indian civilization was already developed before the Aryans Friends let's now explore urban planning And about architectural art The first section was the elevated area Known as Gadi It was built from baked bricks The excavation of the Harappan city Divided primarily into two parts Fort and lower city Here stood a vast granary Where grain and goods were stored securely It was the highest ground in the city From where the entire city was visible Here the ruling class religious or administrative buildings And important granaries were located there This very fortress houses the renowned bathhouse Mohan Jodhro was a green one Where religious and social ceremonies took place This was the assembly hall Where important decisions were made Now let's head to the other part of the city the bazaar Lower section that is the civilian sector Every home had a hearth where the family spent their time together There was a separate kitchen inside the house Where food was cooked in clay ovens They were made in this manner That sunlight and fresh air could easily reach the homes This area was a residential zone for ordinary citizens Here there was an orderly arrangement of houses roads and sewers Every home had a bathroom and a drainage system connected to the sewer Look how they had packed the drains tightly with debris This was an exceptionally advanced plan These roads intersected each other at straight angles like a grid This is a testament to modern urban planning Friends let's explore which major sites existed around the Harappan civilization to the east west north and south Friends the easternmost site of the Harappan civilization was Alamgirpur located in Meerut Uttar Pradesh along the banks of the Hindan River It was the most western location Akesh Sutka Gandar situated along the Dasht River near the border of modern-day Afghanistan Munda was located on the northern border in Jammu and Kashmir along the banks of the Chenab River while Daimabad was situated in Maharashtra on the banks of the Pravara River Friends now we'll discover what each civilization has given us Friends let's head to that place where the entire Harappa civilization gets its name—Harappa located in Punjab Pakistan It was discovered in 1921 by Indian archaeologist Dayaram Sahni Imagine an entire civilization hidden beneath the soil Wheat and barley grains children's toys and weights for measuring—what a remarkable civilization ours was Look here—copper and bronze artifacts charming clay figurines and these Harappan seals Here stood a vast grain depot and a large cemetery filled with graves which we call Cemetery R37 We have these precise scales and weights measuring instruments a directional compass and these beautiful clay vessels Friends we have now reached Mohenjo-daro discovered by R D Banerjee in 1922 and a treasure of the Harappan civilization Mohan Jodhod's great bathhouse where civilization once drank these sacred waters and ancient tiles And look here friends this statue of a dancer made from kas how lifelike it appears—almost as if she’s about to start dancing right now This is a statue of Priest King with granaries behind it Look how extraordinary this system was Here there were workshops for making beads and an extraordinary drainage system of channels—truly amazing this city Look at these carnation pearls—they're so beautiful It takes a lot of effort to make them Friends we've now reached Kali Bangan located in Hanuman Garh Rajasthan where excavation was carried out in 1953 by BB Lal and BK Thakur Look at this—here’s a field plowed with a hoe just as people did over 5 000 years ago The fire pits here are unique Perhaps religious ceremonies were held here The bangle toy and clay cart also came from the Pali Bangan Look how adorable it looks Here are clay figurines and beautiful pottery—true masterpieces of Harappa's artisans Friends we've now arrived at Lothal It's located in Gujarat discovered by S R Rao in 1957 This was the famous ship dock at Lothal from where trading vessels set sail Here stood the vast Godam Baint where goods and merchandise for trade were stored The bead-making workshops discovered at Lothal reveal remarkable precision in how these small stones were carved Friends we've arrived in Chandi Raw Sindh Province Pakistan discovered here by EJH Mackey in 1931 Here artifacts include beads terracotta figurines copper vessels and toys Chanudaro tells us that the people of the Indus Valley were not only skilled city planners but also advanced craftsmen and traders Chandurao was ancient center of pottery Here toys utensils and vessels were made The homes here feature orderly drainage systems and brick walls reflecting the sophisticated urban planning of the city Friends we have arrived at Surkotada in the Kutch region of Gujarat It is considered ancient Harappan site Horse bones clay vessels and the remains of a walled city with signs of disease and fortification were found here Archaeological evidence of a walled city and organized urban architecture has been found in Surkotra Here people crafted clay vessels tools and everyday items that reflect the lifestyle of the ancient civilization Friends Dholavira in Kutch Gujarat is a major Harappan site This site was located near the sea Here the city's walls and fortress structures merge reflecting the city's security and organization Observe our ancient water management system where water flows through stone channels to reach the terraced fields Dholavira was a major center of the Harappan civilization and inscribed texts in Harappan script have also been discovered here reflecting the advanced culture of this civilization Welcome to Banawali This clay tablet tells us much about the Indus Valley Civilization serving as evidence of their advanced writing system Friends we have now reached Banavali a sacred site located in the Fatehabad district of Haryana where these mother goddesses were worshipped during the Indus Valley Civilization Friends we have now reached Rakhigad India's largest rock climbing destination located in the Hisar district of Haryana In addition clay vessels ornaments and measuring and weighing tools have also been discovered here Friends we've now arrived at Surkotada the Harappan site located in the Kachchh region of Gujarat Welcome to the ancient site of Surkotada The fort built over 4 500 years ago reflects a well-planned urban settlement with sophisticated city planning Friends the discovery of Surkotada was made by J P Joshi and it was located along the banks of the Doradra River in Gujarat Horse bones found here indicate animal husbandry and the use of horses in the Harappan civilization Friends we have now arrived at Alamgirpur the most eastern Harappan site located in Meerut Friends Almigirpur was discovered by Yashpal and Amalananda Ghosh It is located on the banks of the Hindon River in Uttar Pradesh Also found here are agate and carnelian beads reflecting the ornamentation and artistry of that era Welcome to Rangpur one of the most significant sites of the Sindhu Valley Civilization in Gujarat Friends Rangpur was discovered by Rau and it is located along the banks of the Bhogavo River in Gujarat Rangpur helps us understand the life and technical skills of the Hada Pās the ancient ironworkers and their legacy Here earthen vessels have yielded some of the oldest rice grains and quernstone tools ever discovered They provide insights into the agriculture and way of life during the Harappan period Friends Yashpal discovered Ropar which is located along the Sutlej River in Punjab Human skeletons and animal bones found here reveal insights into life and customs from that era Friends this is Sutkagan Dor the westernmost point of the Harappan civilization located near the Pakistan-Afghanistan border It was discovered by E J H Mackey Among the finds here are copper and clay objects along with tools for mental focus and fishing Highlighting the commercial significance of this region Friends this is the code given to you One of the most significant sites of the Harappan civilization This site is located in the Sindh Province of Pakistan It is located near the Indus River The fortress walls and clay vessels from here And evidence of the earlier Harappan culture has been found Here is the Harappan civilization If there is any mistake anywhere in this video Please do let us know so we can make the necessary improvements