Complete History of Delhi Sultanate | Delhi Sultanate Short Film | Quick Revision | Indian Histor...

So today's topic is the Delhi Sultanate From 1206 to 1526 meaning a long period of about 320 years Yes a bridge that changed the map of medieval India Five different dynasties ruled during this period Completely and entirely a new political and social And yes the cultural system also remained We have the materials for the Delhi Sultanate Some specific parts of a historical analysis are Today's effort will be to speak the truth about this vast and tremendous subject Who were those Aham rulers What were their policies What was their impact All of these Is this story just about an external regime You're right It's also the story of becoming a centralized system How did Indian and Islamic cultures meet And how did new classes emerge in society how did power shifts occur Let's start again It begins with Qutb al-Din Aibak Mohammad Ghori can be called the most capable slave and general Yes the one who laid the foundation of Turkish rule in India after the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192 They say he was very generous people used to say a lakh of blessings one who gives a lakh in charity Yes those are strange things And that was the Qutub Minar its beginning was not even a single step Yes so Abac laid the foundation but it was the Sultan who gave the empire real strength and stability Okay so many historians consider him the actual founder What was in it that officers and soldiers were given land instead of cash salary Okay so they made ends meet by working the land Yes the task of the iqtadar was to collect the revenue from that area cover his expenses keep his share and assist the Sultan when needed Yes it has greatly helped in establishing a centralized army and administrative system And that group of forty loyal Turkish commanders the Turkans of Chahalgani or the Forty were also not Ilghaz Meaning which was created for loyalty became the neck bone Then history took a major turn Razia Sultan 1236 to 1240 the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate And then what Bulban wasn't he once a slave of Ilgetemish and a member of the Forty And his ways those Iranian rituals prostration and touching the ground kneeling kissing the feet all of this why Okay so it's something like Divine Right And for the rebels he had adopted a very harsh policy a policy of iron and blood Certainly and most importantly he completely wiped out that forty gang which had become a thorn in the side of the sultans Had he done something for the army as well Yes the Diwan-i-Arz was established as a separate department to organize the army and in the slave dynasty you can see a pattern which was started by Aibak and Iltutmish established institutions Like unity and forty Yes but as the power of the forty increased problems arose which forced Balban to become harsher meaning the effect of one step began to influence the next We this is good after Bulan the Khilji dynasty came again Yes it was started in 1290 by Jalaluddin Khilji but the greatest name of this dynasty is obviously Alauddin Khilji who reigned from 1296 to 1316 Alauddin Khilji whose name sounds important was called the Second Alexander Exactly her thinking was very broad and her reforms were also on a very large scale and interconnected He had to expand the empire and the Mongol attacks were also continuing at that time Yes for that he needed a very large permanent army which he made the largest standing army of the Sultanate And use methods to prevent the spread of the disease such as burning the infected plants the practice of burning Yes so that the good soldiers may not be replaced and to record the full details of the soldiers the roll call practice And he began to give cash salaries to the soldiers instead of land grants Yes cash payment increases the Sultan's direct control over the army But then the same question arises where will all this big army the cash and the money come from It is here that Alauddin's most notorious or rather infamous market control policy comes into play Okay the market control policy He fixed the prices of essential items grain clothes horses slaves and enforced them strictly So that soldiers can get supplies even in small quantities Set up separate markets grain markets and caravanserais And for keeping an eye on them there were officers and spies the Shahnaei Market Bariyad and a remarkable system Gosh This was more for the benefit of the troops than the common people And he made significant changes to the tax system to raise money He measured the land assessed the area and determined the rent based on that And increased the tax by fifty percent on the import Fifty percent that's way too much The most significant during the Sultanate period Yes and he took the land from the rich and the landlords and converted it into government-controlled Khalisa land And house tax which is tax on land and grazing tax which is tax on pastures these new taxes are also imposed A large army is needed a cheap market is needed and both will require filling the treasury After Alauddin the Tughlaq dynasty aga Yes Muhammad bin Tughlaq was said to be very educated a visionary but his plans failed badly Like when he raised taxes in the drought-stricken regio Maybe it was because controlling South India would better And that symbolic currency the copper coins replaced silver and gold Idea was not the problem it was China that was causing the issue But the government no longer has control over it So many counterfeit coins were made that the entire economic system came to a standstill He also failed They say the whole army got lost or killed in the mountain paths of Kargil Then Muhammad bin Tughlaq's case shows that being a visionary is one thing And to put it down on the ground is completely different Her policies were perhaps ahead of their time but the implementation was very poor And he took the exact opposite path Yes she has done a lot of work Canals were built especially from Yamuna to Hisar which greatly benefited agriculture The translation of Sanskrit texts into Persian was also carried out But his religious policy was not that liberal And another thing during his time the institution of slavery had become very widespread And then it became a big mess He looted Delhi badly and committed mass killings The Tughlaq dynasty as if its spine had snapped After this turmoil Tamerlane's governor Khizr Khan laid the foundation of the Sayyid dynasty in 1414 It didn't even last long After that came the Lodhis These were the first Afghan rulers of the Delhi Sultanate He took the empire in hand The same Agra that became the capital of the later Mughals And then came the last Lodi sultan Ibrahim Lodi 1517-1526 The meaning had split inside and outside And then came April 21 1526 the field of Panipat What were the reasons behind Babur's victory His army was small perhaps A tactic of encircling the enemy from the flanks and rear And another perhaps the most significant reason for the first large-scale and effective use of cannons in India This was not with Ibrahim Lodhi It was not on that scale and with that skill They created chaos in Lodi's army with their cannons And with this defeat the 320-year-old Delhi Sultanate came to an end The foundation of the Mughal Empire was laid in India So we have seen a journey of the five dynasties But if we look at the entire Sultanate period together Government Society Culture What are the special things that come out What was the administration like Administrative authorities have observed Indian and foreig It was a mixture of Arabic Persian and systems The Sultan is clearly on top And the estate system was very significant at the grassroots level Yes we had talked about Ektas' situation New departments have also been formed according to the need over time As the Bulan Seny Department of the Divan Arj The irrigation department of Muhammad Tughlaq was the Diwan-i-Amir Kohi The Popular Architecture of Firuz Shah Tughlaq And the tax was the main revenue Yes the jizya or poll tax was collected from non-Muslims This was the main source of income for the Muslims In addition a fifth of the war booty belongs to the Imam Who did Alauddin change the share of Yes he had started taking 45 shares for Rajji Then there were religious duties such as zakat upon Muslims And the jizya on non-Muslims Would the heavy tax rates of Alauddin have also had a bad effect on the peasants It is clear that the 50% tax was very high When it comes to society it was mainly divided along religious lines Hindu and Muslim But the division among classes was also deep Like The richest and the Turkish commander at the top Then the scholars the religious teachers Then the artisans and merchants who lived in the cities Then a large number of farmers and the lowest class of slaves Slavery once spread widely Especially during the time of the Tughlaq dynasty Yes by that time the number of slaves had become very large It later became a major problem