Did ancient builders use Egyptian levitation technology to move huge stones? Physicist Max Zamilov separates science from myth in plain English.
For centuries, people have wondered how the Egyptians lifted obelisks, set 50-ton blocks, and aligned the pyramids with such precision. In this episode, Max walks through what the evidence really shows—clever ramps, sledges, lubrication, counterweights—and where modern physics like acoustic levitation 🔊 and resonance experiments fit in (and where they don’t). We explore tool marks, quarry paths, and logistics, then compare them with “anti-gravity” claims to see what holds up. You’ll learn how friction, force, teamwork, and smart planning can move mountains—no magic required.
We also look at experiments that demonstrate small-scale levitation, why they can’t scale to multi-ton stones, and how misread headlines fuel viral myths. By the end, you’ll have a simple mental model for how ancient construction really worked, why it was genius for its time, and how modern engineering would solve the same problems today. 🧱
If you enjoy clear, evidence-based deep dives on history and science, subscribe for more episodes like this.
What I really wanted to mention, nearly forgot to, is in the case of nuclear isotopes,
something else becomes possible. You know, how these blocks were moved, because that's a big
question. We have these multi-ton blocks. How the hell were they moved 500 miles from Oswald Quarry,
you know, all the way to Giza Plateau, right? And the thing is, you know, that Earth is not just,
you know, a planet. It's a planet that has an electric field. You know, we have thunderstorms,
right? You know, Tesla was all about electricity. It's not controversial at all that we live in a
planet that produces a pretty strong electric field, meaning the surface of the planet we
stand on is negatively charged, normally. And the ionosphere is positively charged,
and we live in this, you know, pretty strong electric field that just charges itself,
you know, during thunderstorms. We all know that. What we underappreciate is that we can put this
electric field to good work. And in fact, there are species of spiders on this planet that can
sense the electric field. And when they detect, because it fluctuates during the day, but when
it's at the strongest, they can sense it, and then they deploy the piece of spiderweb that is
negatively charged. And then negative charges repulse each other. So, the charge of the ground,
which is negative, pushes on the charge that the spider deploys, which is also negative,
and then the spider floats, levitates, literally. And the way they discovered is that spiders were
found on ships, like oceanic ships, like thousands and thousands of miles away. And it was baffling,
you know, scientists, you know, how these spiders end up there. So, they collected a bunch of them,
and they put them in a tin can, basically, with electric fields applied. And when they started,
you know, raising the strength of the field, at some point, spider's behavior changed. They
sensed that the field was strong enough, so they started deploying the spiderwebs.
And when the field was strong enough, they started floating. And then when they killed the field,
you know, the spiders basically fell to the floor. Yeah, this is a fairly recent discovery. It's not
controversial. It is very well known. Yeah, these are the spiders, exactly. Yep. So, you see, nature
takes advantage of the fact that the earth is electrically charged, and these clever spiders,
they use it to float, defeating the gravity, but not in a fantastic way, just relying on
electrostatic. So, once I started thinking about isotopes, about the first thing that crossed my
mind, you know, ----, you take these beta emitters, and what they do, they emit copious amount of
negative charge. So, if you produce these isotopes, and let's say you put them on a craft,
you know, the craft would float in earth's, you know, gravity, just because the static charge on
the craft is pushing against the static charge of the earth, and you get this, you know, repulsion
of coulomb charges, and the craft would levitate. You know, granted, you'll need to replenish the
charge. So, either you have a generator, or you have this radioactive isotope that's continually
emitting beta particles. And then it becomes possible, you know, to apply this isotope,
let's say, to a stone you wish to transport. And all of a sudden, you know, the stone would
lose its weight. But not, you know, because of some magic or whatnot, but because this isotope
decays and charges the stone to an immense, you know, negative charge, to where the field of the
earth, you know, pushes it up, you know, the electric field of the earth. Same as in the case
of the spider. Except in the case of the spider, you don't need nuclear science, because spider
weighs, you know, next to nothing, right? But, you know, a huge giant stone block would require
a substantial charge, and you can develop that charge by, you know, coating, let's say, the block
with this, you know, nuclear isotope that's producing beta particles. And it's producing
them as it decays. So, at some point, it will wear off, and the stone, you know, would settle.
So, you could, but how would you move it? I mean, you just push on it.
So, you could hover it and just push it? Right, basically. Kind of like a ship,
you know, a ship weighs who knows how many tons, and it's not that difficult, you know,
to push it off the dock. So, I think it's the same idea.
Amir And maybe, you know,
the side effect was that the stones were, you know, turning softer in the process just because
the crystalline lattice was overwhelmed. But I think, you know, if we're fantasizing about,
you know, some advanced civilization, you know, conducting megalithic construction,
I think that's how they would do it. Because it's entirely, you know, within the realm of possible,
and, you know, the spiders show us how it's done.
Pete Yeah.
Amir But even,
there are some places on earth, like Gobi Desert, where the electric field is so strong naturally,
that if you go there, you know, the hair will stand on your head. Gobi, it's in Mongolia.
Pete Oh, okay.
Amir It's China, Mongolia, I think it's spelled G-O-B-I.
And there are videos that people post when they go there, you know, the field is so strong,
your hair stands, and you hear crackling. And there is a danger that you're going to be struck
by lightning. Pete Oh, really?
Amir Yes, because, you know, the field is so strong.
Pete Wow. Is it like super high altitude?
Amir I don't know about the altitude. But, you know, it's known phenomenon, and it's,
you know, considered hell's Heather because, you know, of the discharge that might materialize,
but that's what also happens, you know, during a thunderstorm, right? So, you have
these charges that discharge naturally. And in fact, you know, part of the reason, you know,
why clouds hang in the air is the droplets are statically charged. So, they're floating in the
earth's electric field. You know, this entire cloud is pushed up by the electric field of the
earth. And the reason you have rain is because, you know, these charges, they cancel each other,
and all of a sudden cloud, you know, drops and basically becomes rain. So, this is all like part
of, you know, natural processes that we're aware of, but we're not, you know, using them for
engineering for whatever reason. And that's something I'm very excited to use for engineering
purposes because all of a sudden, you know, there is an idea of how you make, you know, things float
like in Star Wars, except, you know, you don't use magic.
Pete How could you go about testing something like this?
Roman Actually, there is a way. And funny enough, in the course of my nuclear research,
you know, one of the offshoots of my, you know, reactor development, I worked with oil.
I think I mentioned that my reactor is filled with mineral oil. And when you run that oil
through dielectric tubes, like Teflon, you have friction of one dielectric against the other one.
And that's a principle of Van de Graaff generator, where a belt rubs against a roller and the
charges separate and you have like massive charge buildup. And when I, you know, that wasn't my
plan. But, you know, when I, for the first time I powered my reactor and I needed to filter the oil
and the oil went through the filter and through these tubes, so much charge was developed that,
you know, the surface of oil inside my reactor curved like a moon crescent. It wasn't flat
anymore. It was like very, very concave because oil was cleaning to the sides of the metal vessel
because there was so much charge in the oil. And on some of my fittings, so some of my pipes were
metal and some of my pipes were just regular hydraulic lines, which are, you know, rubber.
And there was so much potential buildup over them that, you know, a spark was jumping on the
outside surface. And I couldn't figure this out. So, I'm pumping and I see this, you know,
crackling and flashes of light, like what the hell is going on? And then I realized, oh ----,
you know, I'm developing this super strong, you know, electrostatic charges just by pushing oil,
you know, through a dielectric medium. And I thought, ----, you know, I could use it, you
know, to charge something, you know, like I just described and see if I can defeat the gravity just
by compensating it with electrostatic repulsion. And that's on my to-do list to try, you know,
later this year, or maybe, you know, sometime next year, because it's an easy thing to do,
you know, if you know how to push oil through, you know, through plastic tubes, basically.
So, yeah, maybe I'll be able to get levitation to work if I don't get infusion to work. But,
you know, that's one of the things that interest me. And this somehow all, you know, meshes with
ancient history, because one thing kind of excites the thinking in the other direction,
and then you start thinking, well, how they could have moved stone, and then you realize, oh,
they could have used, you know, static electricity.