日耳曼史诗《尼伯龍根之歌 》作者;佚人。 口耳相传于1100年。日耳曼民族之魂。 《尼伯龍根的指環》(德語:Der Ring des Nibelungen,意為「尼伯龍人的指環」),是一個由四部歌劇組成的系列作品,由華格納作曲及編劇,整部劇自1848年開始創作,直至1874年完成,歷時共26年。創作靈感來自北歐神話《諸神黃昏》及日爾曼敘事詩《尼伯龍根之歌》內的故事及人物,特別是冰島家族薩迦史詩 (Icelanders' sagas,冰島歷史英雄故事散文)。
女武神,藝術家亞瑟·拉克姆 (1912年) 神話背景 尼伯龍根的指環改編自德國中世紀敘事詩《尼伯龍根之歌》,後者則取材自北歐神話《沃爾松格傳說(英語:Volsunga Saga)》[1][2]。北歐神話與其他神話不同,神明通常不是全能、所向無敵的,他們的能力多有一定的限制,本身也要面臨滅亡的命運。在指環一劇的最終幕《諸神的黃昏》中就體現了這一萬物同歸於盡、轉換新生的思想。[3] 尼伯龍之名出自於東日爾曼人的勃艮第部落,當地的王族一般被稱為尼伯龍,不過在此歌劇裡尼伯龍卻意為「矮人」。劇中矮人阿爾貝里希(英語:Alberich)用偷來的萊茵河黃金鑄造了具有統治世界魔力的指環,故事亦圍繞該寶物展開。 創作歷程 起初,華格納在整理尼伯龍根之歌後打算將其改編成歌劇,卻招致許多質疑,多數人認為如此龐大的腳本難以配樂。華格納先選取了故事的一部分創作歌劇《齊格菲之死》(Siegfrieds Tod),該劇為後來第四部份《諸神的黃昏》的前身,該作以布倫希爾德引齊格菲進入瓦爾哈拉天宮作為結局。 不久後,華格納覺得不滿意,認為該劇缺乏更深一層的倫理內涵,無法在劇院裡演出。他將諸神黃昏改成富含深奧玄學色彩的結局,並續寫了《青年齊格菲》(Der junge Siegfried),即後來第三部分《齊格菲》的原型。之後華格納又追加了《女武神》及序劇《萊茵的黃金》兩個部分。 由於《尼伯龍根指環》總譜漫長的創作期,華格納的贊助人路德維希二世要求他先行演出已完成的部分。1869年《萊茵的黃金》首演,另三部歌劇亦陸續單獨演出。直到1876年拜羅伊特音樂節前夕,《指環》的總譜才總算完成[4][5]。 作品內容 《尼伯龍根的指環》共由四部歌劇組成,亦被華格納稱為「一部為三日而作的舞台節日劇及一個序夜」(ein Bühnenfestspiel für drei Tage Und einen Vorabend),包括: 序夜:《萊茵的黃金》 (Das Rheingold),共一幕四景。 第一日 :《女武神》 (Die Walküre),共三幕。 第二日 :《齊格飛》 (Siegfried),共三幕。 第三日 :《諸神的黃昏》 (Götterdämmerung),共三幕。 各部歌劇劇情介紹 第一部:《萊茵的黃金》 萊茵河底有萊茵少女守護的黃金,如鑄成指環即可統治世界,但只有棄絕愛的人才能做到。尼伯龍人侏儒阿爾貝里希(Alberich)追求萊茵少女不成,反被調戲,憤而把愛詛咒,奪得黃金鑄成指環,並奴役其他尼伯龍人為其挖掘財寶。眾神之王沃坦(Wotan)讓巨人法索爾特與法夫納建造瓦爾哈拉宮殿,並許以愛之女神弗萊婭作為報酬,但本想借火神洛格的詭計而賴賬。巨人們強行帶走弗萊婭,但提出可以用尼伯龍人的財寶作為交換。沃坦與洛格於是用計奪走財寶與指環,悲憤的阿爾貝里希於是把指環詛咒。沃坦將財寶交給巨人後,本不願交出指環,但大地女神埃爾達突然出現,警告他指環會帶來毀滅。沃坦交出指環後,果然巨人兄弟為指環毆鬥,法索爾特被法夫納所殺。沃坦在擔憂中帶領眾神進入瓦爾哈拉,不顧萊茵少女們悲切的呼喊。 第二部:《女武神》 瓦爾松人齊格蒙德(Siegmund)受人追擊,帶傷躲進齊格琳德(Sieglinde)家。齊格琳德的丈夫洪丁發覺齊格蒙德是仇敵,約次日決戰。齊格蒙德和齊格琳德愛上彼此,同時認出彼此是沃坦所生的孿生兄妹,並拔出沃坦留在樹幹中的寶劍諾通(Notung)後私奔。沃坦命令他與埃爾達之女,女武神布倫希爾德(Brunnhilde)協助齊格蒙德擊敗洪丁,以讓齊格蒙德用諾通殺死法夫納,奪回指環並還給萊茵少女。但沃坦之妻弗麗卡卻點破沃坦的計劃,稱其只是在自欺欺人。沃坦屈從於弗麗卡,令布倫希爾德在戰鬥中殺死齊格蒙德。布倫希爾德為瓦爾松兄妹的愛所感動,決定違抗沃坦的旨意。但沃坦親自出現在戰場,折斷了諾通,並殺死齊格蒙德。布倫希爾德將懷孕的齊格琳德與折斷的諾通從戰場帶走,並囑咐她保護好腹中的孩子,因為那會是最聖潔的英雄——齊格弗里德。齊格琳德獨自前往東方的野林,而布倫希爾德因抗命而受罰,沉睡在烈火山崖,但沃坦答應只有最聖潔的英雄才能穿越火焰喚醒她。[2] 第三部:《齊格菲》 齊格琳德生下一子齊格菲(Siegfried)後去世,這個兒子為阿爾貝里希的兄弟米梅(Mime)撫養長大。齊格菲鑄成寶劍,刺死已化為巨龍的法夫納,根據林中鳥的指示取得了指環,殺了心懷不軌的米梅,並穿越烈火喚醒了布倫希爾德,娶她為妻。[2] 第四部:《諸神的黃昏》 命運三女神編織的「命運之索」突然斷裂,預示諸神即將毀滅。齊格菲把指環交給布倫希爾德作為信物,自己出外探索。阿爾貝里希之子哈根向貢特爾國王兄妹進言,說布倫希爾德和齊格菲是兄妹倆的理想結婚對象,並設計讓齊格菲喝下遺忘藥酒。齊格菲忘卻前事,搶走布倫希爾德的指環並將她獻給貢特爾。憤怒的布倫希爾德將齊格菲的弱點告訴了哈根。哈根刺殺齊格菲和貢特爾,欲搶奪指環。布倫希爾德從萊茵少女處得知了事情的原委,將丈夫火葬,自己戴上指環一同殉身。萊茵河氾濫,哈根試圖搶回指環,被萊茵少女拖入水底,指環物歸原主。大火將瓦爾哈拉神殿吞噬。[2]
Today is the 20th Tomorrow
is the 21st day off
Lion Gold Rhine Gold
This is the Song of Nibelungen 1100
A work by an artist
Actually the local poet is a
divine gift It was gradually
written on parchment Then it was adapted
into four operas
So the day after tomorrow the rest day ends
then it's continuous performance
basically this year is over
This is BioLite's social media
City Gossip Radio Station
Host Wang Xinxin reports to you
Today is a lucky start
This flower bed is the one
Everyone has to pass by this spot
The walkway where I was standing above it
Everyone should come for a photo op
Send to family and friends
This is a must-visit place
A more auspicious feng shui treasure land
Most of them have to pass through here
There are many new people who signed last year
They also said I have signed
Today several people said I have signed
There's another person who says you come every year
Today another person said the same thing
I said I won't come until
the Communist Party is over
Then sign Why doesn't
the person who signs take a stand
The CCP is the root of chaos around the world
There are especially many people who say such things today
But as soon as he leaves it's over
He is embracing the back the back
is embracing the
front he cannot sign
I support this topic
There is also a mother and daughter today
My daughter signed the form carefully
She signed it very seriously
Then the mother hesitated for a moment Then
a while later
I took another photo from below then took a
group photo then came back and my mother said
she needed to sign it was as if she didn't
hesitate at all that's
how it went back and forth
He signed it by taking a time advantage
Also the married couple's signature
There was also a doctor from East Germany
When I told him not to
Not to refer organ transplant patients to the mainland
We don't have an organ bank
There is an organ bank there
Would that not be more people killed than the dead ones
That's a history of murder
The Communist Party is the devil
He said we know
We are from East Germany
I said really
I said you also need to remember not
to invite Chinese doctors here to teach
them the transplantation techniques and
also not to send German doctors there
The art of transplantation
And no more visiting
the corpse exhibition of Grint Binhagens
most of whom are Falun Gong practitioners
The bodies are from the labor re-education camps
There are three labor re-education camps around his factory
Later he said
A few years ago ten years ago I visited
Take this flyer and spread it widely
People are doing things
but God is watching
Good
The words of a person who is probably just
All seem the same
Today several people said
The root of the turmoil
Is the Chinese Communist Party
Anyway those who stayed behind I
told them that by
August five million
people had already
signed the petition
and that's why the mother came back
Because this information was given to
her she decided to come back once more
Thank you everyone Goodbye
Today's Mount Wanyi is not very beautiful
So I don't want to go to the front
gate area to take photos of Wanli Peak
It's pointless to take the same
pictures every day Okay thanks everyone