Geological Time Scale PART -1 in English John Murray James Hutton Stratigraphy

Geological time scale part 1. James Hutton. Similarly, in the science of geology, we have geological time scale. All the events taking place since the origin of the earth are kept in this geological time scale. The concept, the present is the key to the past. Present is the key to the past. It is proposed by James Hutton, who was a Scottish geologist, who was a Scottish geologist, physician, chemical manufacturer, naturalist. He is also known as the father of geology. According to him, the earth was much harder and that processes occurring in the present were the same processes that had operated in the past and would be the processes that operate in the future. This concept, in particular, helped in resolving many critical problems of earth science. To name few examples, first one is the thick file of rock salt strata occurring on land where we live was at one time in the past was under the washing floor. The oceans drifted elsewhere from the present place. And next one another example, the fossils. The fossils fuel coal. Coal comes from giant plants that lived hundreds of millions of years ago. Swamp forests, even before the dinosaurs. When these giant plants and swamps died because of volcanic activity and melting of huge ice capes, they formed layers at the bottom of the swamps. Water and dirt began to pile up on top of the dead plant remains. Hence, it is understood that the present coal occurring areas were at one time in the geological past were dense forests. James Hutton mentioned the importance of the concept present key is to past in his book named Theory of the Earth. Next one, John Murray. The scientific study of the litho or rock formations and their order of superposition is called stratigraphy. The concept of order of superposition says the rocks at lower levels are formed earlier than the rocks at upper levels when structurally not disturbed. The study of fossils in the rock is called paleontology. The detailed study of fossils occurring in the rock strata will help in establishing the stratigraphic details of rock formations of an area more accurately. Based on the study of rock strata, John Murray calculated the age of the earth as 176 × 3 equal to 528 million years. Next one, Italian scientist Leonardo da Vinci opined that the fossils occurring in the rock strata now were alive millions of years ago. Another Italian scientist, Nicola Steno had disagreed with many who believed in formations of the fossils as the devil's work. According to him, the fossils are nothing but the mortal remains of the living beings once lived on this earth's surface. Based on the fossils found in the canal cuttings, English scientist opined the study of fossils will help in understanding the evolution of the earth. Based on the study of rock strata and their superposition study of fossils, paleontologists like Carbon 14 and dating based on the concept of radioactive decay, study of lead, isotopes etc., the geoscientists constructed geological timescale for various events took place since the origin of the earth. During the process of building the geological timescale, the scientific community overcome several hindrances. Yet family built geological timescale which is acceptable to many. Though the geological timescale may not be 100% perfect, it provides lot of useful information about the events happened millions of years ago. Geological timescale is also being used by geologists, botanists and social scientists too in their respective studies. Thanks for the watching. Have a good day.