【Kings and Generals】公元前46年的塔普蘇斯--凱撒最複雜的戰役

Caesar的在非洲競爭已經開始變得很糟糕了 他急著前進 以為自己的敵人會被侵略 結果遭受了微小的敗敗 成績極差 供應不足 然而 正如我們之前所見 Caesar通常是最嚴重的 當被迫進一個角落 而不是再急著前進 Caesar現在專注在收集支援和供應 準備接下來的塔西斯戰爭 神...我討厭神 抱歉 寫錯了 但你可以指責我們嗎? 這個視頻是由《Total War Rome Remastered》贊助 所以我們的懷念只有自然 好消息是 製作人Creative Assembly 成功找到完美的解析方式 遊戲保留了精神和機械 讓它成為世界上最佳的戰略遊戲 並且將其各項功能提升 重生歷史所定義的獎牌戰略遊戲系列 現在有了一系列的視覺和遊戲改進 將獎勵獲得的經典戰略提升到現代標準 建立自己的帝國 指導激烈的戰鬥 並像從來沒有發生過的那樣贏得古代 《Total War Rome Remastered》提升和現代化了每個元素 遊戲為全4K 支援超高解析度和超高解析度畫面 16個早前無法遊玩的部隊 被加上了原本的22個 玩家可以掌握更多的控制 新的功能 例如戰鬥中的戰略地圖 加上熱地地圖和圖示圖示在活動模式 戰略系統已被超越 更廣闊的鏡頭變焦和鏡頭轉動在活動地圖上 現在已經提供了 《Total War Rome Remastered》包括了 英雄殲滅和亞歷山大的豪華新細節 玩家也可以在Windows上獲得 原本的《Total War》系列 50%優惠給原本遊戲的擁有者 支持我們的頻道 並預先下載最終版本 最佳戰略遊戲之一 請在描述中點擊連結 Caesar的首要目標是 改善Ruspina的防禦 並從城鎮到他的營地 以及海洋上創造陷阱 因此 Caesar確保了他的通訊線 保持安全 同時也提供了安全的陸地 供應和補充 Caesar被勒比安娜的策略驚訝 混合了燈光軍隊和士兵 並決定模仿它 把燈光海軍和海盜 從他的船上拉走 同時 Scipio正前往聯合勒比安娜和Petraeus 帶領他幾乎所有的最佳領袖 以及整個軍隊 總共有超過60,000人 這樣的軍隊已經比Pompeii還要大 為了讓事情變得更糟糕 也有可能 努米迪亞的皇帝Juba 會和Scipio聯合 包括其著名的獵犬 為了改善城堡 Caesar轉變了他的注意力 最佳領袖早已剝奪了康的地區 並且大部分的當地工作人員 被他們的軍隊壓迫 使得那一年的收穫特別貧窮 Caesar被迫購買了 在該地區居住的富有人士的貨品 並將他們分配給他的軍隊 他的幾個複雜的運輸 被最佳軍隊捕獲 並被捕獲或被燒掉 Caesar命令剩下的他的船 前往盧斯賓納港 為了保持地區清晰 避免來臨的士兵和支援 來自希臘 當事情開始看起來很糟糕的時候 Caesar的運氣非常好 Scipio的最佳軍隊 在奧地卡暫停了 在那裡 Caeto 由於他擔任軍隊的頭號 和政治領袖 在那裡 Caeto就開始懲罰 Pompey的兒子 為了在他們的年齡下 能夠達到他們父親的夢想 為了證明自己的真誠 Nahas帶走了兩千個士兵和士兵 並攻擊了鄰近的 西摩爾塔尼亞王國 操縱的帝王伯格 摩爾塔尼亞人迫使Nahas 靠近埃斯哥隆的城市 並且迅速地擊敗了小軍隊 被羞辱的Nahas 逃到了巴勒裏克島 但他的行為 卻造成了很大的後果 在埃斯哥尼亞人 留下了巨大的軍隊 Scipio現在前往 勒比安斯和波特雷伊斯 聯合兩艘軍隊 並在Caeto的位置 五公里離Caesar的營地 他們立即開始利用 他們的巨大的軍隊 保持Caesar在他的建築中 使得他的供應狀況 變得更糟糕 Duber開始前往他的敵人 希望能夠幫助Caesar 取得快速和終極勝利 但Nahas的行為 現在顯示了他們的後果 埃斯哥尼亞的王 Bocchus 聽到Duber的離開 並且攻進了努米迪亞 以防止他的兄弟Bogert 在埃斯哥尼亞的軍隊中 是Publius Sittius 他在卡特琳的謀殺 中一直操縱在非洲 他成功地捕捉了 Caeta的努米迪亞城市 並且在附近的地區 在此時 Duber幾乎到達了Scipio 但聽到這個消息後 迫不及待地抵抗了努米迪亞 同時 有些當地的市民 開始發訊息給Caesar 抱怨對Optimates的酷刑規範 有些城市甚至要求監禁 宣誓在回歸時 供養和居住他們 Caesar高興地接受了這個提議 發訊息給三個小組 以改善他的供應狀況 最初Caesar計劃 是等待更好的天氣 以確保他的軍隊 能夠安全地離開希臘 但現在他命令他們 無論情況如何 顯示了他多麼困惑 Scipio並沒有放棄 當一切正在發生 Labienas 在主導最多的Optimate士兵 保持了一場 毫無懷疑的酷刑活動 與Caesar的士兵 並且前往調查 Labienas不斷尋找 方法保持Caesar的軍隊 包括攻擊 Leptis和Aquila的城市 但他被Caesar的小組 拘捕了 無論如何 這些攻擊 對Caesar的壓力 是非常有效的 相似的 Scipio每天都會 把他的軍隊 趕出營地 並將它們 組成戰鬥組織 包括猴子 希望在Caesar的軍隊 中激勵他們 Caesar展現了不信任 保持他的士兵 在他們的基礎上工作 但他從未 為戰鬥建立自己的軍隊 他知道 任何一個勝利的機會 他需要更多的士兵 尤其是更多的軍人 他的最佳策略 是保持他的士兵 在他們的基礎上 的城堡和城堡 並購買他的時間 他的耐心付出了 Salast到達了Kirkena 位於一個巨大 Optimate的糧食供應 是很難防禦的 他輕易追趕了軍隊 並立即送了 供應給Caesar 同時 兩位經驗豐富的 Legions 13th和14th 終於被撤退 從Lilibayum 幸運的是天氣 和Caesar的 巡邏軍隊 允許所有的Legions 和供應 到達Ruspina 輕鬆地到達 不久後 Scipio派了兩位 Gitulian軍官 進入Caesar的營地 來評估新的情況 然而Gituli 從Caesar的叔叔 Gaius Marius 的行為中 在和 Gitulian戰爭後 立即向Caesar報告 他們向他報告 Scipio的數量 和他的士兵的精神 特別是 Optimate的 4th和6th Legions 拒絕了 並願意加入Caesar 雖然Scipio和 Labienas 做得很好 以維持壓力 但他們延誤了 太久 並失去了 行動 Caesar現在 擁有了他需要的 士兵和物資 去進行對抗 並想要 和Scipio 直到 Numidian軍隊 回歸 25日 1月25日 他將運輸 回到 希臘 以取得其餘的 軍隊 並於此 出動全力 離開營地 他的首要目標 是要取得 並建造 城市周圍 的半圓形 山谷 用相似的 策略 對 Caesar 迅速地 掌握了 這些山谷 如他所能 命令 建造 以建造 一條 城堡 在山谷 希望 強迫Caesar 回到 原本的 位置 Scipio 出動全力 離開營地 Labienas 掌握了 巨大的 士兵 並 準備 對抗 Caesar 原本以為 這是一個謊言 但當 敵人 進入了 軍隊時 他把 他的 軍隊 拉到 山谷 作戰 並 派出 少量 西班牙 支援 掌握 一座 仍然 被 Scipio 山谷 Numidians 迅速地 逃脫 Labienas 他讓 軍隊 從 洞裡 並 從後面 攻擊 Labienas 從 前面 他在 最佳 地點 外邊 地點 Scipio 把軍隊 拉出 洞裡 並 把他們 放在 城市 以 強 防 地 Labienas Cavalry. A new camp was made at the end of these entrenchments, where siege weapons such as scorpions and catapults were constructed, and began bombarding Utica. Caesar's constant pressure, and the close proximity of his new camp to that of Scipio's, encouraged some of the Optimate troops, mainly Gaetulians, but also a number of men from the 4th and 6th Legions, to change sides. Scipio couldn't allow this to go on, and once again ordered his army to get into battle formation. Caesar did the same, but the broken ground in front of Scipio's army dissuaded him from attacking, despite the two armies now being less than 200 meters apart. After squaring off for half a day, Caesar withdrew back into camp. That is when Labienus launched an attack on Caesar's retreating cavalry and light infantry. The legions were close enough to prevent a complete disaster, but the attack gave Caesar food for thought. It was only a matter of time before Labienus was able to strike a deadly blow with his superior cavalry numbers. Soon word was sent that the last two legions Caesar pegged for this campaign, the 7th and 8th, were en route from Sicily. He also heard from some deserters that Varus, who had been stationed at Utica with the Optimate fleet, planned to attack them on the crossing. Immediately, Caesar rode Teleptes himself, took command of his fleet and surprised Varus. The Optimate fleet was chased away, and the Caesarean legions were guided to land safely. Caesar now felt comfortable enough to send two legions out of his fortifications to find supplies in the nearby estates. At this point, Optimate deserters informed Caesar of an ambush planned by Labienus, and Caesar managed to surprise his old ally, killing 500 light infantrymen and routing the Numidian cavalry. Unfortunately for Caesar, his legions were unsuccessful in their foraging, making it clear that he needed to move his entire army to find food. Caesar left a garrison in Ruspina, burnt his camp, and marched out with his full force. He foraged the area around Agar and Zeta, constantly shadowed by Scipio's army. After foraging around Zeta, Caesar began retreating to his camp, roughly 23km away, but was once again attacked by Labienus and his Numidian cavalry and light infantry. This time, Labienus kept up the attack, retreating when Caesar's men turned to confront him, and then continuing the harassment as soon as they began marching again. Caesar's cavalry took the brunt of these attacks, and he was eventually forced to pull them from the rear and use his legions to fend off the Numidians. His heavy infantry took less damage than his cavalry, but his army was now moving incredibly slowly, only managing to cover 300m in 4 hours. Night finally set in, and Labienus withdrew his troops. But he had been successful in doing significant damage to Caesar's already much smaller cavalry force. Impressed by how effective Numidian light cavalry and light infantry had been against him, Caesar began drilling his men in tactics to combat them, such as how far to retreat from them and when they should turn and throw javelins. He was soon met by the last Sicilian reinforcements, bringing his force to 12 legions, 5 newly raised and 7 veteran, roughly 3,000-5,000 cavalry, and an unknown number of light infantry. Caesar's veteran legions had taken casualties, some might even be at only half strength, and so establishing the size of Caesar's army is difficult, but a number of around 60-70,000 seems reasonable. Though outnumbered overall, Caesar had more veterans than Scipio, as the Optimate army was largely made of fresh recruits and conscripts. Caesar also brought elephants from Italy. Although useless in battle and intended for the Roman games, they allowed Caesar to train his troops. His men were taught where the elephants were vulnerable even in armour, and his cavalry practised throwing dummy javelins at them, familiarising the horses with the elephant's smell and sound. It is a testament to Caesar's generalship that even on campaign he still took the time to train his troops to address new threats. The stalemate continued. Caesar was moving from town to town looking for supplies, with Scipio shadowing him. Labienus attempted to keep up his skirmishing campaign while Caesar marched, but Caesar's training had paid off. 300 men from each legion were assigned to not carry any baggage and instead act as a quick response rearguard, fending off all of Labienus' harassing attacks. Finally, Caesar had enough. Time and again he had formed up his army for battle, only for Scipio to decline. The towns in the area that he raided were not important enough to force a reaction, and Labienus' attacks remained a constant source of frustration. Caesar needed to be able to force Scipio into a situation where he had no choice but to fight. So, on April 4th, Caesar abandoned his camp at night and moved to Thapsus. Thapsus was a major city in the area, holding a large port, supplies, and arms and armor. It was a target that Scipio would not be able to ignore a threat to. Caesar, having marched through the night, soon arrived at the city, immediately besieging it and fortifying his own position against a possible optimist attack. Outside of the city of Thapsus was the marsh of Moknane, which effectively forced any approaching army to take one of two narrow passages, hugging either the northern or eastern coast. Caesar had chosen his target well. He established two forts, one in the eastern passage, which was garrisoned by three cohorts, which effectively blocked that pass, and one surrounding the city of Thapsus. His strategy was to force Scipio to take the northern passage, meaning Scipio would be forced to attack him from only one direction. Scipio soon arrived on the scene. He initially intended to take the eastern passage, but seeing Caesar's fort abandoned this idea. Leaving a small force under Afranius opposite Caesar's fort, he ordered Jupiter, Labienus and the Numidian cavalry to encamp in a separate camp nearby. He then commanded a forced march around the west of the marsh to the northern pass with the rest. It seems that Scipio's strategy was to try and catch Caesar in a pincer, hoping to eventually make a simultaneous push on his position through both passages. Quickly, Scipio ordered part of his men to begin construction of a second camp, while the rest of his army drew up for battle in front of them, with the elephants on either flank in front of his cavalry. Caesar could not believe his luck. Scipio had taken the bait and was now offering battle under terrible conditions. His men were already fatigued by the long march, part of his army was building a camp, and a significant portion of his army, including most of the Numidian cavalry, was too far away. Leaving two of the rookie legions encamped around Thapsus, Caesar eagerly formed up the rest for battle. He deployed his army in the classic three lines. The 10th and 7th legions were stationed on the right, and the 8th and 9th on the left. The center was likely held by two of the other veteran legions, the 13th and 14th, with a recruit legion on either side of them. Mixing recruit and veteran legions like this was a favored strategy of Caesar's. His last legion, the 5th, was split into two and stationed behind each flank, acting as a fourth line. Their role was specifically to handle the elephants. In case of a charge from them, the front lines would part and it would be up to the 5th to kill them. Archers, slingers and light infantry mixed with cavalry held his extreme flanks. Caesar and his men noticed a lot of movement and jostling in Scipio's line as men moved to and from the camp. His veterans, many of whom were already supposed to be retired and who had spent the last couple of months frustrated by the lack of a decisive battle, urged Caesar to attack. Caesar was hesitant, perhaps thinking that it must surely be a trap. It is also worth noting at this point that Plutarch claims that Caesar had an epileptic fit before the battle, which perhaps was the reason for the delay. His veterans, however, had had enough. A trumpeter of the 10th or 7th, without Caesar's orders, sounded the charge and Caesar's right flank surged forward. Realizing that there would be no way of restraining his men, Caesar decided that he must fully commit and rode ahead to the 10th and 7th to take personal command of them. He ordered the slingers and archers on the right to target Scipio's elephants opposite them, panicking the beasts and sending them rampaging into their own lines. At the same time, the elephants on Scipio's right charged Caesar's left, but his legions quickly parted as they were trained to. The cohorts of the 5th legion taking the brunt of their charge. They fought bravely, using spears to jab at the vulnerable and sensitive points on the elephants, blasting trumpets loudly to further frighten them. The elephants were soon panicked and turned to run back to Scipio's army. Scipio's line was now being charged by his own elephants, with Caesar's legions following close behind. Panic had set in almost immediately. The left fighting Caesar's 10th and 7th was the first to break, the entire line following shortly after. Some tried to fight, but most were stampeding towards the camp that was still being built. Caesar now had all the momentum, and his men easily cut down the fleeing and disorganized Optimate forces, as well as those who were constructing the camp. The garrison at Thapsus attempted to sally out to distract Caesar's army, but the two legions left in the camp easily repelled it. These legions then marched down the eastern corridor to the camps of Afranius and Juba. In a full-scale route, Scipio's men fled around the western edge of the marsh, desperately trying to reach these camps, with Caesar's men in hot pursuit. It was a disaster for the Optimates. When Scipio's men reached the forts, they found Afranius' camp already overrun and his Jubas being assaulted by Caesar's two other legions. The Numidian king, seeing Caesar's main force now approaching, gave up the fight and retreated with Labienus, Petraeus, and what cavalry he had left. Caesar's force stormed his camp, easily taking it, Caesar's men massacred many. Dio blamed this on Caesar, however, most sources say Caesar ordered the men be spared, but that his battle-frenzied soldiers disobeyed. It seems likely that Caesar did not order the massacre. A master propagandist, Caesar knew the power of mercy and was renowned even in his time for sparing the vast majority of his Roman enemies. The battle was over. Some sources suggest that the Optimates lost 10,000, others suggesting as many as 50,000, while Caesar's losses were as little as 50 or as many as 1,000. It was a decisive victory for Caesar. Following the battle, the Optimate leadership was scattered. Labienus, Varus, and Pompey's son Sextus had managed to escape and would eventually make it to Spain, where they would continue to resist Caesar. Afranius, along with Faustus Cornelius Sulla, collected the survivors and began pillaging Mauretania, planning to gather enough supplies to then also cross to Spain. However, they were caught by Sittius and then killed. Petraeus and Juba fled to Numidia, confident they would find support there. Sittius had been successful in defeating and killing Juba's general Sabura, however, and the Numidians now turned on their king, barring their gates to him. With no options left, the two men decided to commit suicide. They had a final dinner and settled on duelling each other so that at least one of them may die honourably in battle. Juba won the duel, killing Petraeus, and then had one of his slaves kill him. As for Scipio, he too hoped to retreat to Spain. Gathering a few supporters and a small fleet, he set sail, but was caught in a storm and forced to make port at Hippo. Caesar's fleet, commanded by Sittius, found him, and a minor naval battle was fought. When defeat here was inevitable, Scipio killed himself, the last Scipio of any real historical note. The only optimist leader left in Africa was Cato in Utica. As Caesar's army closed in, he made his final preparations. He held a feast with his friends and then retired to his bedroom, leaving his children in the care of Lucius Caesar, a distant cousin of Caesar's, though a supporter of Pompey, telling his son, I who have been brought up in freedom with the right of free speech cannot in my old age change and learn slavery instead. He then read Plato's Petra, and after finishing it, stabbed himself in the stomach. In death, Cato did rob Caesar of what would have been one of his greatest triumphs, that of being able to claim that he spared the life of his greatest enemy. Caesar was extremely frustrated by Cato's suicide, apparently saying, Cato, I begrudge thee thy death, for thou didst begrudge me the preservation of thy life. Caesar spent some time in Africa, fining those who had funded the optimist war effort, before finally returning to Rome victorious. He retired many of his oldest veterans in a generous fashion, and held four triumphs, one for Gaul, Egypt, Asia, and Africa. Having defeated Cato, his position was now supreme. He was assigned incredible powers by the Senate, including censorial powers for three years and dictatorial powers for ten, a wholly unprecedented level of power. For all intents and purposes, Caesar was now the sole ruler of the Roman Republic. However, though he had now twice won the civil war, once at Pharsalus and once at Thapsus, the war was not over. The sons of Pompey, Pharis, and Labienus still resisted him in Spain. More battles were to come, and we are going to cover them soon, so make sure you are subscribed and have pressed the bell button to see the next video in the series. Please consider liking, commenting, and sharing – it helps immensely. Our videos would be impossible without our kind patrons and youtube channel members, whose ranks you can join via the links in the description to know our schedule, get early access to our videos, access our discord, and much more. This is the Kings and Generals channel, and we will catch you on the next one.