Mendelian genetics ｜｜ Life history of Gregor Johann Mendel ｜｜ The father of modern genetics ｜｜

Hello friends, welcome to my channel. Genetics and recombinant DNA technology is a very important part of modern science today. And this genetics started with Mendelian genetics. Generally, there is genetics in every biological stream. But we are studying genetics and we don't know about the father of modern genetics, i.e. Gregor Johan Mendel, so there is no value of that study. So that's why in today's video, we are going to know about Gregor Johan Mendel's life history, what challenges came in his life, and what happened that his research was not so popular among people while he was alive. And yes, if you are also a big fan of genetics and biology like me, then I promise you will love this video, so watch it till the end. If you are new to my channel, then subscribe to my channel for such facts-related videos on biology and the living world. And press the bell icon because it is absolutely free. So let's start today's video. Gregor Johan Mendel was born on July 20, 1822 in Silesia, Austria, which is now known as the Czech Republic. His father's name was Anton Mendel and his mother's name was Rosine Mendel. And he had two sisters, one older and one younger. His family worked in farming and his house was near the farm. When he was young, he used to study agriculture and honeybee farming. From 1840 to 1843, he studied in the Philosophical Institute of the University of Ullamook in Philosophy and Physics. He belonged to a financially weak family. His father was a farmer, so he had a lot of ups and downs in his life. But he was living the life of a monk in a monastery. And he believed that he learned a lot and learned a lot in life because of this. His real name was Johan Mendel. But before entering religious life, he named himself Gregor Johan Mendel. At the same time, he worked as a substitute teacher at the same school for many days. Those days, you had to take an exam to become a certified high school teacher. He also took this exam in 1850. But he failed in the last step, that is, the oral part. In 1851, he went to study at the University of Vienna. And in 1853, he returned as a physics teacher. In 1856, he took the exam again to become a certified school teacher. But he failed again in the oral part. In 1868, he became the head of that religious institute. Because of this, his responsibilities and work increased a lot. And there was very little time for his scientific research. Before Mendel, the head of the monastery or the moth gave permission to Mendel to experiment on the 2 hectare garden of the moth. After this, in 1856, Mendel started his experiment in the garden of the monastery or the moth on the common edible pea plant. Mendel did not start his experiment on any plant, but on an animal. He first started his experiment on a mouse. And then he did a lot of hereditary experiments on bees. But the bishop of the monastery did not like to experiment on the sex of animals. C. C. Mendel left the animals and started his experiment in the plant. Whatever it was, he got his success by experimenting in the garden pea plant. In his breeding experiment, he studied the 7 character pairs or 7 traits of the garden pea well. And all these characters are on the screen in front of you. Flowers and seed coat color, seed color, seed shape, pod color, pod shape, stem height and flower position. He started his experiment on the pea plant in 1856. And his experiment was completed in about 9 to 10 years in 1865. When he was farming in the garden of the moth, he got a lot of observations in the pea plant. Some plants are very long, some plants are very small. Some have white flowers and some have violet flowers. So why does this happen? To find the reason for this, Mendel started his experiment in the pea plant. He worked hard on this experiment for about 9 to 10 years. He had a statistical record of how many plants he planted at this time, how many generations, which characters, how much time came. So he had a statistical record of everything. He did both monohybrid and dihybrid experiments, which I will discuss in detail in the next videos. So whatever it is, after all these experiments, he gave some postulates. And he believed that which character will be expressed in every generation depends on factors. And this is the same factor that we know today in the name of genes. Because even genes were not discovered in those days. Because biological science was not so advanced in those days. I am talking about the 18th century. So just think, at the very first time, he started genetics without any microscope. And only with statistical analysis and his observations. So whatever it is, his experiment was completed in 1865. But now there was only one thing left, that in front of the world, his experiment, his work had to be represented and approval had to be brought. But just think that you have also done an experiment, its result is also good. You know that it can be something special, but the world does not know. So it will have to be represented in front of people, only then people will know about it. And to get credit and approval, there are many processes, depends upon the field. So you will have to go through that process. In the same way, in those days, such a process used to happen. You can call it a seminar of a scientist. You can call it an assembly, where many great scientists were sitting. And in front of them, you had to represent your research and work. You had to make them understand. They can only give you approval. And if they do not understand, they can also reject your work. So after Mendel's experiment, in 1866, he represented his work in such a seminar. So here the title of his research was Experiment in Plant Hybridization. So he tried to explain his research in a good way. In 10 years, he has seen all the changes in his garden, in the pea plant. Everything that was recorded, everything was shown, everything was explained. And he said that the changes in the heredity, the changes in the characters, All this is happening because of the factor. So what he said was absolutely right. That for the expression of each character, the genes are responsible. That is, factor in their language. But at that time, when biological science was not so developed, the microscopes were not so good. So at that time, no scientist understood what the factor was. And Mendel himself could not explain what the factor was. Because he only knew that what is happening, what changes are happening, the factor is responsible for it. But what is the factor? To explain this, he himself got confused. So his experiment was absolutely correct. But in those days, scientists could not understand his experiment. They could not understand what he was saying. And his research was rejected. And after that, he left the hall. And on January 6, 1884, in Brun in Moravia, at the age of 61, he died of a chronic nephritis disease. From about 1866 to the 19th century, his work did not get as much attention as it deserved. The scientist community ignored his work for a long time. So why did this happen? First, his work was rejected. And after that, for so many days, no one paid attention to his research. So there are many reasons behind this. But I can't tell you all the reasons in this video. So the video will be very big. So tell me in the comment box, do you want a separate video about this or not? So whatever it is, after about 35 years, in 1900, Mendel's work was rediscovered by three scientists. And these three scientists were Hugo de Vries, Karl Corenz, and Erich von Tesmart. And always keep in mind that these three scientists had no connection. All three were from different countries. Hugo de Vries was from Holland, Karl Corenz was from Germany, and Erich von Tesmart was from Austria. And just think what a coincidence. These three scientists did research on the same time, on the same plant, on the same topic. But from different countries and individually and independently. All three scientists completed their own research and then published it. And after this publication, the scientist community realized that The research that these three scientists have done now, which they have discovered, Mendel had discovered it 35 years ago. But their terminology was a little different. And after this incident, all these discoveries were credited to Mr. Mendel. And after this, Karl Corenz converted all Mendel's postulates into law, which we study today. The principle of segregation, the principle of independent assortment, etc. So today's journey of modern genetical science started with the same experiment of Gregor Johan Mendel. So that's why he was given a title to respect. The father of modern genetics. So friends, we get a lesson from his life. No matter how many failures come in life, we have to keep working hard. Never give up. So one day you will definitely get success. That's all for this video. If you like my channel, if you like this video, then obviously subscribe to my channel. Press the bell icon. Like the video. And yes, be sure to share it with your friends. And yes, if you have any questions, if you have any problems understanding, or if you want to give any advice, So write in the comment box, I will answer it. So see you in the next video. Stay happy, be healthy.