英國皇家軍械博物館 英國皇家軍械博物館 艾弗·強生“安全”全自動轉輪手槍（藏品展示）

大家好,我是Lisa Trainer,火箭隊創辦人 這就是Ivor Johnson的安全自動發射手榴彈 這就是我們的手榴彈 今天我們會專注於CENTERFIRE 5-Shot 32-caliber 小型自動發射手榴彈 這三款手榴彈有三個模型 我今天帶來的三款手榴彈 這三款手榴彈中有許多不同的模型 我目前有13款 讓我們開始看看吧 今天的手榴彈有第一款,第二款 第二款,第五款 第三款,第一款 但在我們看這些手榴彈之前 我想先介紹一下創辦人Ivor Johnson Ivor Johnson was born in Nordfjord, Norway in 1841 By the age of 16, he began a gunsmithing apprenticeship in Bergen, Norway By the age of 21, he'd opened his own shop By 1863, he emigrated to Boston in the USA Because around that time, there was a great demand for gunsmiths due to the American Civil War And it was here where he met a man called Martin By at Wheelock & Allen The two would eventually become business partners The two's firearms manufacturing business was set up in 1871 As well as firearms, they produced leg irons, handcuffs, machine tools and most famously, bicycles They were among the first to start mass producing these items for other people as well as their own business They did have trouble marketing them So they signed an agreement in 1881 with J.P. Lovells who had the marketing power at the time And so all their items were sold through this channel Johnson & By's business partnership ended in 1883 But the contract with J.P. Lovell continued until Ivor's death in 1895 Before he died though in 1894, he opened his first store and then more opened after his death Ironically, by the early 1900s Ivor Johnson's arms and cycle company bought out J.P. Lovell Ivor Johnson's Safety Automatic series was the most successful of his revolvers The most common being the .32 caliber You can see what we have here The name Safety Automatic though Automatic is a tad problematic today because it means something else in the firearms world But you've got to remember back in the 1890s when these things were being developed Self-loading pistols were very much at the developmental stage What was meant by automatic at the time Is that simply when you open the revolver The spent cartridges eject automatically It's as simple as that Now in terms of the word safety In the Safety Automatic series What is meant is that it has a bar ignition system Which can be located about here on the revolver On the internals That makes accidental discharge impossible To quote the marketing of the time That is of course unless you're discounting Someone pulling the trigger Of a load of Ivor Johnson accidentally Then it will go off What the marketing campaign is meaning By accidental discharge impossible Is that you could throw it, kick it Drop it down some stairs Even to quote them directly Hammer the hammer And this thing won't go off It's only when you pull the trigger with intent Or accidentally pull the trigger That it will go off So how the bar system works Basically it's made up of three parts So the hammer here Let's just open this up See if we can have a look at The large center hole here So when you pull the trigger The firing pin will appear there However between the firing pin And the hammer lies this bar ignition So the bar ignition is activated When you pull the trigger The trigger goes to the back of the trigger guard And here we have a sear Once the trigger hits the sear The sear activates this bar ignition So as the hammer is going back And getting in line with the firing pin You've got the bar ignition traveling up And almost blocking the hammer From the firing pin So when it goes off What happens is the hammer comes forward Hits this ignition bar Which then hits the firing pin Which sends your round out So yes, unless the trigger is pulled This cannot go off So that is where the safety element comes into it So although we're just looking at This type today The safety automatic revolvers Were available in different calibers Center fire and rim fire Different frame variations There is also a large frame Different barrel lengths as well And the standard is the 3 inch What we've got out today And with a hammer Or you could have the hammerless version as well Which wouldn't snag If you had it in your pocket If you want to know more about the variations Within the model I recommend William Gawthorpe's wonderful book On Ivor Johnson revolvers These are nice little revolvers And I think it's quite unfair That history has overshadowed them With the likes of Colt and Smith & Wesson When you think about how many were sold They're quite a successful little revolver And actually in the United States of America During that period They were known as armorer To the nation's bedroom So although they were not As highly regarded as Colt, Smith & Wesson They're still not that cheap to buy So the early ones You're looking at around $4.50 If you have a look in the catalog And at the marketing Which isn't cheap for back then For the 1890s, early 1900s It's still like a week's wage Someone will really have had to save up for them But on the other hand They're not as expensive as say A Colt single action army That's going to be about $12, $13 Maybe around this time So and then on the other side of the scale You've got maybe a British import Say a British imported revolver $2, $3 So the Ivor Johnson is middle of the road It's not a cheap bit of kit But it's not expensive It's doable, shall we say It's doable So in addition to people buying them To protect themselves and protect their homes A lot of shopkeepers bought them In order to protect their stores Police private purchase as well They may have had one of these But most importantly Personal protection I mean people forget There was a time In many countries around the world Where you could walk around with a revolver Not just this size, any size Quite freely and not be challenged I mean it's perfect So it was perfectly acceptable At that time to walk about with it Unchallenged To protect yourself from an attacker A mugger A vicious dog Depending where you are A rabid dog You have the Velodogs on the continent These are quite small too The hammerless version of them Fit very nicely into your jacket pocket As with these But the hammerless one wouldn't snag So it's perfectly okay At this point in time To protect yourself In certain countries With items such as this And these are the perfect revolvers To do that End of the 19th century The beginning of the 20th century A new trend starts to appear Whereby heads of state Modics and other people in positions of power Start to be assassinated By the common political protester Gone were the relations The blood relations The clerics The diplomats Who might have let's say In centuries prior Had someone assassinated To steer more political gain Towards themselves or their families Instead in the 19th The early 20th century You've got the common political protester Who is killing these heads of state And that's the result of the education system New social and political beliefs But also because of the availability Of weapons such as this 1892 to 1901 Has been dubbed The decade of regicide Because during that period More monarchs, prime ministers Heads of state were assassinated Than at any other point in history One of these figures who was assassinated Was US President McKinley Who was shot at the 1901 Pan-American exposition in Buffalo, New York With an Ivor Johnson First model .32 caliber hammer revolver This is a third variation No, this is a second variation, remember And it is not this gun you are showing The actual revolver used in the assassination Is with our colleagues In the Buffalo History Museum Over in the United States of America Currently on display In their exhibition continuum McKinley's assassin, Leon Shelgosch Traveled to Buffalo a couple of days Before the opening of the exposition And before the President arrived And actually bought his Ivor Johnson revolver From a local store, Walbridge's Allegedly for $4.50 In his confession Which is now in the collection At the Chappelle Manuscript Foundation In the United States of America Shelgosch says he knew Where the President would be Because it had been announced in the papers What day he was coming Whereabouts he was visiting on the exposition So Shelgosch knew that he needed to be In the Temple of Music that day To meet McKinley for a meet and greet Which was basically a long line of people That would keep moving past the President As he shook their hand So that was Shelgosch's opportunity He stood in line, he waited And when his time came Instead of shaking the President's hand He took out his Ivor Johnson revolver Which he'd already pre-wrapped in a handkerchief And didn't shake his hand Shot him in the body One shot He got another shot Before anyone wrestled him to the ground Once he was wrestled to the ground The revolver was taken off him So that revolver was shot twice by Shelgosch The museum, it's not on display But the museum also has the other three rounds Intact from the chamber They also have the two spent cartridges And one of the bullets One of the bullets, we're not sure If it was the first or the second Actually ricocheted off McKinley He might have hit his belt button Something like that, I'm not sure So they also have that in their collection too The final bullet is unfortunately Still in President McKinley What is on display over in Buffalo With the revolver Is Leon Shelgosch's handkerchief That he used to fire through And there is the powder burn mark on it It's quite a remarkable thing If you're ever over there Please do go and take a look Shelgosch's remarkable confession Also states his reasons for killing the president I mean we know what the means were The Ivor Johnson revolver His motive was because And to quote him He did not believe in presidents over us Now many people at that time Individuals, societies and organizations Also had the same view And would often take up arms Such as these And rid themselves of the leader In the hope that by doing that They could bring about political change On the 14th of September 1901 Eight days after President McKinley was shot He actually died Now this was a great shock to the nation And his doctors Even though they had not been able To remove the bullet As everyone thought he was on the mend Vice President Theodore Roosevelt Was rushed to Buffalo So he could take the oath of office And became president Leon Shelgosch was put on trial for murder And unsurprisingly found guilty And he was sentenced to death By the electric chair This happened on the 29th of October 1901 So there we have it in a nutshell The Ivor Johnson Centerfire, 32 caliber, small frame, hammer Safety automatic revolver And how this unfussy, common Very affordable revolver Managed to bring down One of the most powerful people In the world at the turn of the 20th century Thank you for watching I really hope you enjoyed this video today If you are able to donate Please do so We rely on donations If you can't donate It still really helps us If you could like and subscribe To our videos Also it'd be good to see you Down at one of our three sites And hope to see you again soon Take care