The Untold Story of the Renaissance: Rebirth of Knowledge & Culture

Hello everyone. Today we will travel back to Renaissance era and I have a very interesting topic for discussion and that is the Renaissance a rebirth of knowledge and culture. So the word may be pronounced as Renaissance or Renaissance. In British pronunciations we pronounce it as Renaissance while in American pronunciation we pronounce it as Renaissance. So in whatever pronunciations you feel comfortable and you are convenient with you can pronounce it. Let's begin and learn. So let me show first the main content. So we will introduce the time and change what happened in the Renaissance period. We will discuss the decline of feudalism and the rise of money and some fun fact there'll be about Leonardo da Vinci that who sponsored him that time. We will also talk about the reawakening of art science and thought and some great artists you can see here Raphael and Leonardo da Vinci and also Mona Lisa right and William Shakespeare who can forget it and who can skip him from Renaissance period. He's a very prominent and important figure of English Renaissance period and you can see the stage right of Renaissance era which was highly promoted by Queen Elizabeth. We will also talk about the Protestant reformations and religious revolutions where the church split in two parts Catholic and Protestant and King Henry VIII he had contributions in the splitting of the church where some European countries we can say from west side they became Protestant and like France, Italy and these countries remain Catholic. Some fun fact about the time we will talk about the tutor from Henry VIII to Elizabeth I and Henry VIII, Elizabeth I, the golden age and Spanish. We will talk about also James I civil war and then the restoration period in England where the monarchy was restored and some fun closing how the Renaissance still shapes our this will be your final comment and thought. So we will see if the lecture prolong and become very lengthy so then we will also make two parts of this lecture but let's begin from the introduction to the period. So I hope you that you will enjoy this lecture with me there are a lot of new things and a lot of fun fact about the time. So you can see here this is the image and a very famous painting of Renaissance period where we can see that people were taking interest in philosophy, in science, technology and you see they kept aside religion, Christianity. Introduction, a time of change right so there is change and a great change in entire Europe after the medieval period. So from 550 till 15th century or the middle of 14th century we can see this period fall into medieval period. So a great change occurred in Renaissance period with the 15th century where the Renaissance this movement began in Italy and France in 15th century and then it spread other part of the Europe it entered England in 16th century. So in the 15th and 16th centuries Europe was emerging from the middle ages right I discussed middle ages in detail in my previous lectures and the world was about to experience one of the most transformation period in history. Entire world and particularly Europe right what was happening a great change was here right in the form of humanism, in the form of science and technology, in the form of literature, in the form of architecture, in the form of thought. So you see that this movement revolutionized the entire world and particularly Europe. So imagine that a world of knights, castles and feudalism suddenly giving way to a new age of exploration, art and scientific discovery. So in medieval period we can see feudalism where the land belonged to the king, the noble, lesser nobles and the knight and the peasants they had to work at night right and we can see also in that medieval period some castles, some knights but you see they're giving away to new world where there is no more feudalism, no more knights right and the world changed entirely and I'm referring particularly Europe. Third this period known as the renaissance you can say or you can say renaissance or rebirth marked what happened a profound shift in how people saw themselves, their world and the relationship to knowledge. Now people first of all they discover themselves, who they are, what are their role right and they were looking the world from a different perspective now right until because the church was the dominant institutions all over the Europe and the church controlled everything and then we can see Copernicus, we can see Galileo right, we can see a German philosopher Martin Luther King right that his role to reform the Christian church, Roman Catholic church right then we can see Henry VIII so these all were happening in renaissance period and entirely the world change in this age. Now our second heading that is the decline of feudalisms and the rise of money because when you have a lot of in medieval period people did not have lot of money so there was a system, late system that was known as feudalism. In feudalism only a few people were rich, the king, the nobles, lesser noble, the knight and the church so the money would go to the church, the money would go to the king, the knights, the nobles right and while majority of people they were spending their life in poverty, lot of money was not there. Now the system is being transformed, is changed from there is a shift from feudalism now people have lot of money so feudalism the system where vassals provided military service in exchange for land from lords so the land would be given to the knights and the knights would provide services to the lord was slowly crumbling so a new economy based on money began to take hold. Now feudalism say to feudalism bye bye now so rather than working the land vassals began paying the lords in money instead of military services right so things are getting changed now this created a more flexible and dynamic system rather than money would be given to you rather than to serve in the land so which allow lords to hire professional soldiers now right the kings they had money and they needed to buy professional soldiers rather than those who are working in their lands so the rise of trade and banking meant that money rather than land what happened became a powerful source of influence now if you had money you were powerful not land back in 16th and 15th century so powerful cities like Florence, Venus, we are talking about Italian cities and London England city became hubs of wealth culture and new ideas new ideas were generating from where from Venus from Florence and from London and people had money right so land did not matter now money it matters the kings they would buy professional soldiers to defend their lands so some fun fact did you know that during the renaissance wealthy merchants and bankers like Medici family in Florence became patrons of arts so they are going to sponsor right and to finance artists now so funding the greatest artists of the time like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo right Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci were great Italian artists they were fund and they were sponsored by a family that was known as Medici family in Italy now we can see some more the renaissance reawakening the art science and thought the term renaissance comes from the French word for rebirth and it was indeed a rebirth of classical ideas from ancient Greece and Roman so what was actually renaissance that was a rebirth rebirth of word of the ancient Greek and ancient Roman thoughts ideas civilizations and they were taking inspirations from them this was the time when humanism and the center of everything became what human being they believed that human beings had the potential for greatness flourished and the renaissance laid the groundwork for the future of art literature science and exploration so this was the age of reawakening the arts science and thought great artists and writers the 16th century saw the emergence of geniuses like Leonardo da Vinci who was an Italian artist or painter similarly Raphael and Michelangelo who painted masterpieces and designed remarkable sculptures that are still revered today you might know about Mona Lisa that was the painting which was made by Leonardo da Vinci and he has the capability to draw painting or a picture with both hands at the same time think of the Mona Lisa you can see if you are happy so the girl seen that she's passing a smile and if you are sad it seemed that she is weeping so this is the magic of this painting similarly you can see the cisterns chapel here okay it's another painting drawn by Leonardo da Vinci in literature that was in painting and art in literature William Shakespeare so who can forget Shakespeare the most important figure of renaissance period who lived in Queen Elizabeth time when she was ruling upon England so a product of English renaissance wrote plays and explore human nature and the complexity of life remember Hamlet to be or not to be that's the question remember Othello and remember King Lear these are the masterpieces or tragedies of William Shakespeare so he explored human nature where he talked about procrastination jealousy or ambitious etc his work including Hamlet Romeo and Juliet so Hamlet is a tragedy while Romeo and Juliet is a historical play and Macbeth is also one of the greatest tragedy of all even in 21st century not just in the world but also in institutions and universities in the department of literature English literatures and other literatures also you can see image from Hamlet and this is William Shakespeare and this image from Romeo Juliet play Balcony a very memorable scene from Romeo Juliet play so this is the stage and this modern stage was given to us by this renaissance period the protestant reformations a religious revolution so we can also see that if we have revolution in science and arts and technology and in literature so we can also see revolution in the shape or in the form of religion because the christian church there was only one church that was roman catholic church so people raised question on the corruption of the church roman catholic church is going to be split on two parts protestant and catholic now so in 1517 at the beginning of 16th century a german monk you might know his name martin luther who was also a professor he sparked the protestant reformation by protesting the catholic because he protested he identified 95 things which were wrong in roman catholic right in the the teaching because bible was not wrong but the practices of roman catholic were wrong so catholic church practices of selling intelligences you might know okay from canterbury tales where the partners were distributing certificates among the people these were indulgence so first they tried to indulge people into wrongdoer and then they gave them certificate and in return they took money to give it to the church so a kind of forgiveness for sins so luther's 95 thesis i told okay and begin a way of religious upheavals that eventually led to the creation of protestantism it's a new sect in christianity right on the one hand roman catholic on the other hand we have protestant england became protestant right in some other parts of western europe also like north part this is the man you can see that henry dade who separated england church from roman catholic one the reformation and england so in england king henry date was initially a loyal catholic he was a catholic one but what happened but when the pop refused to uh annul his marriage to kathleen of arrogance so the the pop he said that your your marriage is not legal it's illegal because you married with your sister-in-law right so henry famously broke away from the catholic church in 1534 and established the church of england so also known as the anglican church so there was a controversy on this marriage because he wanted to divorce his wife there was no mail here from that and second okay that he was entrusted another one so the church or the pop was not giving permission to him so he broke with the roman catholic church right and he announced that england it's answer there was anglican church so sometime i will tell the whole story of henry date so this was a massive political and religious shift henry's decisions would lead to the dissolution of monasteries in england and the break from rome and years of religious conflict so in this way england became protestant and it has its own church that was anglican church a fun fact henry 8 was known for six marriages and his infamous divorces and executions of wives were part of the tumultuous political landscape of the time so what was he famous for first he was famous for his six marriages and then he was also famous for infamous divorces and executions of wives the tutor from henry the eighth to elizabeth one so we know about elizabeth one that she ruled over england from 1558 till 1602 one of the most important figure in the history of england the tutor dynasty ruled england for much of the 16th century and its reign was marked by drama intrigue and significant change for the drama we know queen elizabeth one or queen elizabeth the first henry 8 henry 8 reign started in 1509 that was the beginning of 16th century was marked by military successes but it was his marriages that made him famous so he did success in what military compounds right but he got famous or he became famous for his six marriages that made him famous now his break with the catholic church created the church of england but this split also had major consequences for his family elizabeth one the golden age so her reign is known for the golden age because there was tremendous success not just in literature but in all field right because she defeated spanish amada right there was a big ship it was difficult to defeat in that time and in all like walk of life and particularly in literature it is remembered as the golden age and then shakespeare was also living in her age after henry's children edward fourth and mary one ruled briefly for a short time right edward the fourth and mary one henry's daughter elizabeth one took the throne in 1558 and she ruled on england for a long time that's almost you can say uh uh for uh 1558 till 1602 so uh 60 uh we can say uh 40 42 and almost for 44 45 years so under the leadership england became a as i told that in her rule that she also defeated french ship sorry not french uh spanish armada that was a sea ship defeating the mighty spanish armada as i was talking about in 1588 and elizabeth rain is often considered the golden age of england a time of great cultural achievements explorations and stability in england so illustrations you can see a portrait of queen elizabeth one in the magnificent magnificent attire holdings a globe to symbolize england expanding empire you can see this picture and here there's spanish armada in her time when you see her forces it was difficult to defeat it now the steward from james one to civil to civil war after we can see another family it was the end of tutor family now we can see the stewart's family james james one 1602 and then go on to civil war that that ended in 1649 so when elizabeth one died without without any because she did not marry this was she's also called a virgin queen right she did not marry so she did not produce any here in 1603 what happened the throne passed to her cousin james fourth of scotland right it was a law it was a rule who became james one of england so the steward family rule for rule was marked by tension with parliament and religious conflict religious conflict with the puritans and we can also see it between parliament and monarchy there was a civil war so james and charles one believed that the divine right of kings and clash with parliament leading to the english civil war in 1649 charles one was executed and beheaded and oliver cromwell briefly ruled england as a commonwealth so commonwealth is a term when there was no queen and king rule over england from 1649 till 1660 who was ruling that was cromwell the restoration the restoration of monarchy in england in 1660 after commonwealth death the monarchy was restored in 1660 and charles ii was called to rule over england when charles ii son of charles i was invited back to the throne and he was in france so this period is known as the and it saw the return of monarchy and the reopening of theaters and flourishing of science and culture because during puritan time or during there was no monarchy there was commonwealth so all the theaters were closed right and you see nothing was produced in that time again now we have some ideas and ideas would be brought from the france by charles ii fun fact the term restoration comes from the return of monarchy after commonwealth's puritan rule and charles ii reign also saw the founding of royal society and the first scientific institutions of its kind in england this is a fun fact some images from the time now fun closing how the renaissance still shape our world the renaissance not only transformed europe but also set the stage for modern science art politics and even our understanding of the world so the foundation which was laid in the renaissance period still has impact on our modern world now the protestant reformations and the creations of the church of england and the rise of queen elizabeth first all played a crucial role in shaping modern world particularly europe as we look back at this a remarkable period we realize that the renaissance and the tutors created a legacy that influences our lives today whether through the arts the scientific method or our political system the egos of the age are still with us so thank you so much it was all about renaissance period we will discuss more about this period so please do provide your valuable insight in comments in comment section thank you so much