Delhi Sultanate History | Mamluk Dynasty in Hindi | Slave Dynasty History in Hindi

So today you will know how the first Muslim Rajvanch of India started, how the Delhi Sultanate started and how the first Rajvanch of the Delhi Sultanate ended. Keep watching. Jai Hind friends. I hope you all are safe and are taking care of your home and family in Corona. So friends, it starts from the year 1192. In 1192, when the battle of Tarain took place, i.e. the second battle of Tarain took place between Prithviraj Chauhan and Mohammad Ghori. So Mohammad Ghori won in this battle. And after this, Mohammad Ghori, like the other Muslim invaders, instead of looting money from here and going abroad, laid the foundation of an empire here. And the areas he lived in were given to his Turkish slaves, so that they could govern those areas. And in this way, the foundation of the Delhi Sultanate was laid and Mohammad Ghori himself went back to Ghazni. In 1206, when Mohammad Ghori died, Qutubuddin Aibak started ruling independently and laid the foundation of the Delhi Sultanate. In simple words, the Delhi Sultanate was the first Islamic empire of North India, which was laid by Qutubuddin Aibak. Although it was not started by Mohammad Ghori, but Qutubuddin Aibak laid the foundation of the Delhi Sultanate. And the rule of this Delhi Sultanate lasted for 320 years in a large part of India, from 1206 to 1526. And its center was Delhi. In Delhi Sultanate, there was no rule of any single dynasty. Five different dynasties ruled. And the first of these five dynasties was the Mamluk dynasty, whose rule lasted for 84 years. Qutubuddin Aibak was actually a Turkish Mamluk. The word Mamluk means slave or slave. And this word was used for those non-Arab Muslims who worked in Arab Muslim states or fought as a soldier. That is why the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate was called the Mamluk dynasty or the slave dynasty. And there were a total of 10 dynasties. Aibak won Kalinjar, Mahoba, Khajuraho etc. In 1210, Qutubuddin Aibak died and the next Sultan was Aram Shah, who was killed by Qutubuddin Aibak's son-in-law, Iltutmish. In 1210, the third Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate was Iltutmish. As soon as Iltutmish became the Sultan, Ali Mardan Khan declared Bihar and Bengal independent and started ruling there independently. Apart from this, Kubacha Khan, who was a slave like Qutubuddin Aibak, declared Multan independent and also captured Lahore. Apart from this, the Rajputs in India declared Gwalior and Kalinjar independent. And from there and East Rajasthan, they expelled the Turks and started ruling again. Iltutmish started increasing his power from the Northwest. He won Lahore, defeated Kubacha Khan and captured Multan and Ujj, which is now in Pakistan. And the Delhi Sultanate once again spread to Sindh. In true sense, if you read history, then Iltutmish is given the credit of making the Delhi Sultanate strong. After this, Ghiyasuddin became the Sultan of Bihar and Bengal and started ruling there. But Ghiyasuddin fought with Iltutmish's son in 1226-1227, in which Ghiyasuddin lost. And Bengal and Bihar once again joined the Delhi Sultanate. Meanwhile, in East Bengal, the war between the kings of the Sena dynasty and the Hindu kings of Odisha and Kamrupa continued with Ghiyasuddin. And these Hindu kings also challenged the Delhi Sultanate. On the other hand, Iltutmish sent his army to win Jalore and Rangambore. Along with this, Iltutmish attacked the capital of Mewar, Nagra, but he had to face defeat there. Because the kings of Chalukya of Gujarat sent their army to help Mewar at the right time. Iltutmish sent his army to take revenge against the Chalukyas, but he also had to face defeat there. After this, in 1236, Rukuddin Firuz became the Sultan. But it is not so important to know about him because he did not do anything special in the Delhi Sultanate. He always played a loose role and spent most of his time drinking and having fun. Because of which, in the end, the Chahalganis killed him. Who were the Chahalganis? We will know about this later. When Iltutmish grew old, he began to worry about who would take care of the Delhi Sultanate after him. Because Iltutmish did not have any faith in his sons or his ability. He did not believe that he could handle the Delhi Sultanate. In this situation, he decided to make his daughter Razia the Sultan or Sultana. And the biggest challenge in this decision was the Ulema. After convincing the Ulema and the Turkish rich, Razia was finally made the Sultan or Sultana. Razia also proved his ability and sat on the throne in 1236. The biggest thing that happened during the reign of Razia Sultan, which we will see later, was that there was a lot of conflict between the Sultan and the Turkish rich. Actually, the Turkish rich had a group of 40 rich people, which is why they were also called Chahalganis. These Chahalganis handled the affairs of the Sultanate. After the death of Iltutmish, he wanted the next Sultan to be someone who could control. Razia did not agree to all this. When Razia started appointing non-Turkish people to the big positions in the Delhi Sultanate, Razia had to endure a lot of opposition from these Chahalganis. He even told Razia that she is crossing the limit of being a woman. You must have seen that whenever a powerful woman is in a big position, and the people around her do not tolerate how a woman is working on them, they often point fingers at the character of that woman or tell various stories to defame her. And something similar happened with Razia Sultana. The Turkish rich started accusing Razia of having a close relationship with Habshi Yaqub Khan, who used to watch over Astabal. Anyway, what happened was that there was a revolt in Lahore and Sirhind. Razia came out and defeated the governor of Lahore and suppressed the revolt. In 1240, when she returned to Delhi, she found out that Altunia had rebelled in Kabar Hinda. She reached Kabar Hinda and was imprisoned there. And here, Yaqub was also killed. As soon as Razia was arrested, the rich in Delhi made Razia's stepbrother Muizzuddin Behram the Sultan. Here, an interesting turn in the story came that Altunia, who had imprisoned Razia, fell in love with Razia. They got married and in 1240, they attacked Delhi together. But Muizzuddin Behram's army had to face defeat. He left Delhi and reached Kaithal. And in Kaithal itself, it is said that the rebels, rebels or robbers killed him. Muizzuddin Behram was the 6th Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate, whose rule lasted only from 1240 to 1245. During his rule, the Chahalgani became very busy. They always fought with each other. Due to this, there was a lot of discontent in the state and the Sultanate. After this, the Mongols attacked Punjab. They completely looted Lahore and destroyed it to a large extent. Behram did not have the strength to face these Mongols. And because of this, the Chahalganis imprisoned Behram and killed him in 1242. After this, Alauddin Masud became the Sultan, who was the nephew of Razia and the grandson of Iltutmish. His rule lasted from 1242 to 1246. He was also a puppet of the Chahalganis and mostly lived in liquor and entertainment. Later, when he tried to oppose the Chahalganis, the Chahalganis removed him from power and made Nasiruddin Mahmud the next Sultan. His rule lasted for the next 20 years, up to 1265. It is said that he was a very religious person. Most of the time, he went to people's welfare and help. He did not take care of the affairs of the Sultanate. The real person who was managing the Sultanate of Delhi at that time was Nasiruddin Viroz Shah's assistant, who was called Naib. His name was Ghiyasuddin Balban. Ghiyasuddin Balban did a lot of politics. He put a lot of thought into becoming the Sultan. He married his daughter to Nasiruddin Mahmud. He formed a separate group. He strengthened that group and removed his rebels one by one. In 1265, when Nasiruddin Mahmud died, it is said that Ghiyasuddin Balban was behind it. Finally, Balban became the Sultan. Ghiyasuddin Balban's rule lasted for the next 21 years, up to 1286. Balban used to rule very strictly, which was not liked by many people. But it is a fact that the Delhi Sultanate became very strong and centralized during Balban's rule. Balban was the one who completely destroyed the Karachahalganis. With this, he tried to maintain peace and order in his kingdom. He had made many checkpoints for the soldiers so that there was no rebellion or disorder. He also made a network of spies to find out what was happening in the kingdom. He also fought many wars with the Mongols. Because Balban was not of a royal family, he did not have any royal blood. That is why he called himself the descendant of Afrasiyab, a mythical king of Iran. An interesting fact is that today's Muslims of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh see themselves very closely related to these sultans. In fact, the truth is that these sultans at that time were very different from the Muslims of India. As you just saw, non-Turkish people or Muslims were not given jobs. In the same way, Balban had also clearly stated that the Indian Muslims would not be given any job on high positions. That is, Indian Muslims would not be given a job on any high position. Now, the 10th Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate was Muizzuddin Muhammad Qaikabad, whose rule lasted from 1287 to 1290. The 18-year-old Qaikabad did not rule very well. He was very loose. He did not manage the government very well. Later, in 1290, he was hit by a whip, after which his son Shamsuddin was made to sit on the throne. At the same time, a Khilji officer was increasing his power in Qaikabad. His name was Jalaluddin Khilji. Now, one by one, the Mamluks, the rich and the officers were killed. And finally, Qaikabad was also killed. And behind all this was Jalaluddin Khilji. After this, Jalaluddin Khilji took over the throne. And with this, the second dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, the Khilji dynasty, began. And with this, the Mamluk dynasty ended. To know more about such aspects of history, subscribe to my channel now. Like the video and comment on how you liked the video. And take care of yourself and your family in this pandemic. See you in the next video. Till then, take care. Jai Hind. Itihas. Zindabad.