Reasons behind the decline of the Mughal Empire ¦ Medieval India ¦ UPSC GS

Decline of the Mughal Empire Welcome to StudyIQ. My name is Adhesh Singh. Dosto, take a video of me humne Aurangzeb ke reign ke bare me discuss kiya tha. Jo 1707 me unki death ke saath end hua. Humne dekha ki Aurangzeb is going to reign me Mughal Empire at the peak of territorial limits tak mohcha. Aur sabse important baat yeh rahi is that you are not alone I'm not going to be a king. Mughal Empire is declining. Unki harsh and intolerant religious policies ke kaaran Regional ambitions are badhava mila And Kai regions me rebellions are declining. In the rebellions of the Empire, internal weakness creates a crisis. In this conflict Aurangzeb is dead. Jiske chalte empire aur vulnerable ho gaya is the only way to get to the top. Hana ki Mughal Empire to the last ruler the Bahadur Shah Zafar Jinhone 1857 took rule of Kiya. Aaj ki is kahaani me hum Aurangzeb ke successors ke bare me baat karenge. And detail me how the Empire declined and what happened. Shuru karte hain Aurangzeb to the successor of Bahadur Shah himself. Bahadur Shah 1707-1712 Aurangzeb is dead, he's a teenager, he's on a throne, he's a war hero. I'm not going to tell you. Is war me unke sabse bade bete Bahadur Shah victorious hua Bahadur Shah is a learned, dignified and capable person. The Commission has decided to adopt a compromise and conciliation policy. Inke reign me Aurangzeb ki kuch narrow minded policies ka reversal bhi dekhne ko mila. Hindu chiefs and rajas are very tolerant of this attitude. Unke reign me koi bhi temple destruction nahi hua. Unlike Rajputs, Marathas and Jats, we have a peaceful policy. Shuruaat me unhone Ambed aur Marwar yani Jodhpur ke Rajput states par control badane ka decide kiya. Is the measure to unko stiff resistance ka saamna karna pada. Apni ghalati maan kar unhone in states ke saath settlement kar liya. Maratha Sardars are not willing to reconcile half-heartedly. Unhone Marathas ko dekhne ka sardesh mukhi grant to kiya. But Chauth Grant is not ready. I'm just saying you're completely satisfied. Chauth aur sardesh mukhi ek tarah ke land taxes the. One famous Maratha ruler Sambhaji is the son of Shahu who is the rightful king. Iske chalte Marathas me kingdom ki supremacy ke liye ladhai chalti rahi aur Deccan stable nahi ho paya. 10th Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh who died in 1710 me Sikhs ne ek baar phir Banda Bahadur who led me revolt kiya. The rebellion against the emperor requires strong measures and a decision. Iske bavajood is revolt or suppress nahi kar paya. The administration field me with Bahadur Shah to reign me further deterioration ho chuka tha. 1712 me unki death ho gayi aur empire ek baar phir se civil war me chala gaya. Bahadur Shah's death is a great example of Mughal politics. Abhi tak only royal princes to beech hi contest hua karta tha. But ambitious nobles need direct contenders to choke the. Aur princes ko sirf katputli ki tarah istimal karke throne par qabza karna chahate the. Aage barte hain aur dekhte hain next ruler Jahandar Shah is going to protect me. Jahandar Shah 1712 to 1713 Bahadur Shah's death is the last of us, and the powerful noble Zulfiqar Khan who made Jahandar Shah his successor. Woek weak emperor the jof pleasure me doobe rehte the. Good manners, dignity and decency are what unme kami thi. Saara administration Zulfiqar Khan ke hath me tha jo wazir ban chuke the. Aurangzeb's policies are not going to reverse the Karna Chaha. One important development is that unhone Jizya ko abolish kar diya. Rajput rajas and Maratha soldiers are in friendly relations. Zulfiqar Khan is a veteran of the war and has been working to improve the state's finances. Unki ek bad policy bhi is this jisme unhone ijara system ko start kiya. Ijara system i.e. income farming. The middle men and the farmers, the peasants, they collect the money. And the state is fixing the income denied to this. The right to collect revenue from the highest bidder is granted. Jo ki ek bahut hi unsustainable practice this. Iske chalte peasants ka oppression bad gaya. Jahandar Shah is the successor of Farukhsiyar. Aayiye dekhte hain unke reign ke baare me. Farukhsiyar 1713 to 1719 1713 I Farukhsiyar and Jahandar Shah of Agra defeated Karke throne by succeeding him. Farukhsiyar is a successor to Syed Brothers, i.e. Abdullah Khan and Hussain Ali Khan Baraha ko diya. Jaldi hi dono brothers ne state affairs me ek dominant role hasil kar liya. Farukhsiyar Ek is the weak ruler. But Syed Brothers are not free hand want to give the chahate. I have a personal authority. Don't be afraid to fight for me and finally in 1719 me Syed Brothers will be emperor and throne will be hated. Farukhsiyar and pilgrimage tax to abolish kiya. In 1717 I was British and famous pharmacist. Jo aage chalke Battle of Plassey ka main kaaran bane. Farukhsiyar is after Syed Brothers and he is going to be the emperor of the banaye. Rafiud Darajat Jinho and Mughals me sabse chhote samay ke liye rule kiya. And Rafiud Daula Jinho and Shah Jahan 2 are taking the title. I'm an opium addict. Rafiud Daula died in September 1719 and I was killed. Aur ab Syed Brothers and Muhammad Shah are on the throne by baithaya. Muhammad Shah 1719 to 1748 Farukhsiyar is the successor of Syed Brothers. Muhammad Shah is not a luxurious lifestyle, he is a nice guy. His reign began with the nobles of a powerful group Nizam-ul-Mulk who led me to Ubhar Kar Aya. You group Syed Brothers who have the power to be jealous. Emperor Ke murder Ke Kaaran empire me dehshat phaili hui the Emperor Muhammad Shah also had to control the Syed Brothers. 1720 me finally Syed Brothers ka end hua. Jo Indian history me King Makers ke naam se famous hua. Muhammad Shah ruled the empire for 30 years and he gave me my last chance. Aam janata ke beech Mughal prestige bhi ab ek important political factor tha. Mughal army and especially Mughal artillery will be a strong force here. Maratha Sardar abhi bhi south me confined the aur Rajput states Mughals ke loyal to the. Is the condition me ek strong and far-sighted ruler nobility ke support ke saath kharab hoti situation ko rokh sakta tha. But Muhammad Shah is a weak-minded person. Aur merf luxury me unka dhyan tha. Jab Nizam-ul-Mulk is not going to be able to do anything. To 1724 my Nizam-ul-Mulk no empire was his fate by chhod diya. Aur south me jaakar Deccan me Hyderabad state to establish kiya. Doosre powerful and ambitious nobles need to carve out semi independent states for themselves to start a diyah. Bengal, Hyderabad, Awadh and Punjab have hereditary Nawabs as their rise. Now the Mughal authority is only showing nominal loyalty. Har taraf petty zamindars, rajas and nawabs ne rebellion and independence show kiya. Maratha Sardars need to start their northward expansion. Aur Malwa, Gujarat and Bundelkhand are overrun by Kar Diya. Itna kam nahi tha ki is beech 1739 me Iranian invader Nadir Shah ne India ko invade kar diya. Nadir Shah India's wealth has attracted you. 1739 Battle of Karnal I Nadir Shah and Mughal army were crushingly defeated. Aur Delhi me ek terrible massacre by way of. Iske after huge amounts of loot and Indus to west ki territory in possession of lekar wapas chala gaya. Where is the famous Kohinoor diamond and Shah Jahan ki peacock throne bhi le gaya. You're the one who used your empire for three years to pay taxes. Uski invasion of the Mughal Empire caused immense damage to uski prestige and was a catastrophe. Aur toh empire ki hidden weaknesses are Maratha Sardars and foreign trading companies ke saamne ujagar kar diya. Mohammad Shah died in 1748 and I was killed. Aur empire ek baar phir bitter struggles aur civil wars me ulaj gaya. Mohammad Shah's death is followed by three successors to rule the country. Aayi ek nazar unke reign by daaltine. Ahmed Shah 1748 to 1754 maintained an empire in the affairs of Queen Mother Udham Bai. But I'm a poor intellect and this lady is just a decaying empire. Alamgir II in 1754 took my throne to succeed him. Woh Jahandar Shah is the grandson of this. His reign lasted from 1757 to the Iranian invader Ahmed Shah Abdali and the Indian invasion. His reign lasted until 1757 at the Battle of Plassey. His successor Shah Jahan III ruled from 1758 to 1759. Aage bartein aur dekhtein next successor Shah Alam II is in the lineup. Shah Alam II from 1759 to 1806 Shah Alam II reigned me two decisive battles ago. 1761 me 3rd Battle of Panipat where Ahmed Shah Abdali and Marathas were defeated A Mughal emperor who controls the world is ambitious. In 1764 I fought the Battle of Buxar. Jisme Shah Alam II of Bengal to Mir Qasim and Awad to Shuja-ud-Daula to join the alliance of the English East India Company in the war of Cheddar. The British and their alliance defeated Kar Diya. Defeat me after the British protect me Allahabad me rehna pada. 1803 me British and Delhi me kabza kiya aur iske baad Mughal emperors only British ke pensioners ki tarah hi reh gaye. Shah Alam II was succeeded by Akbar II who ruled from 1806 to 1837. Unne hi Ram Mohan Roy ko Raja ka title diya. 1835 me Mughal emperors ke naam par mint hone wale coins ko stop kar diya gaya. Aage badte hain aur dekhte hain Mughal dynasty ke last ruler Bahadur Shah Zafar is here to help me. Bahadur Shah Zafar 1837 to 1857 Dosto Mughal dynasty to the last ruler the Bahadur Shah Zafar. 1857 revolt against India by Emperor Banane Ki Koshish ki gayi but British forces captured Kar liya and exiled him to Rangoon. 1862 my uncle died. The legal terms me dekha jaye to November 1st 1858 me Queen Victoria to the declaration that the saath Mughal empire is over. To do this, Aurangzeb is supposed to cure the Mughal Empire. Abhi tak humne sabhi rulers ke reign me these important developments ke bare me dekha. Dosto Mughal Empire or world history me greatest empires ke roop me dekha jata hai. It's bad empire is declining or samajhna zaruri hai. Aayiye dekhte hain ki wo kya factors are responsible for the thinkin' Mughal empire Aurangzeb ke strong reign ke baad lakbak 40 saalon me hi apni authority kho baitha. Reasons for decline of Mughal empire Jaisa ki humne bataya ki Mughal empire ka decline Aurangzeb ke reign me hi shuru ho chuka tha. Unhone ek already huge empire ko inherit karne ke baad bhi further expansion karna chaha. The lack of means of communication and the country's economic and political structure make it difficult to establish a centralised administration. Marathas do not accept regional autonomy because of basic failure. Shivaji aur baaki Maratha soldiers are crushed because Aasan nahi tha jo Aurangzeb samajh nahi paye. This campaign me empire to drain resources from hua and Deccan to trade and industry or tobacco. Rajputs say that conflicts have serious consequences. Rajput alliance Mughal strength is the main pillars I see tha. Rajputs' authority to reduce the century's short-sighted attempt to unleash war against the empire was further weakened. Satnamis, Jats and Sikhs who are popular uprisings and Aurangzeb's administration challenge it. Aurangzeb's religious orthodoxy and Hinduism were a major cause of the empire's stability. Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan will rule me in a secular state like Aurangzeb. Unhone Jazia ko phir se imposed kiya. Temples are destroyed and Hindus are banned. Aurangzeb has no problems like unsolved chhoda. But the situation is worse now than death after the wars of succession. Succession to fixed rule in the absence of me Mughal Empire lagataar princes to beech hua civil wars to be ghira raha. 18th century me ye wars are many fierce and destructive hot chale gaye, jinme life and property ka loss hota tha. In civil wars the Kaaran Empire had no administrative structure. Nobility needs to convert me to gay. Local chiefs and officials have a position to consolidate their autonomy and to maintain their position. Aurangzeb ruled from weakness and wars of succession, but he had problems after that. Empire Ubar Paata Agar Koi far-sighted, able and energetic ruler throne par aata. Lekin Bahadur Shah ke baad ekdum worthless, weak-willed and luxurious living nobles hi throne par baithe. The Mughal Empire's strength, nobility, organization and character depend on it. Alert, efficient and loyal nobility empire is not a bachakti. But unke character me bhi degradation ho chuka tha. You need to be easy to love and luxury to help you choke the. Unki selfishness and state ki taraf lack of devotion ke kaaran corruption bad gaya tha. Aapisi ladai, Jagde ke kaaran empire exhaust ho gaya tha is not going to be a problem. And foreign conquerors are easy targets for Ban Gaya. Noble and selfish, I'm not a man. And the existing jagirdars' income can reduce this. Lagataar Badh rahi nobility, ab jagir lands ke liye aapas me ladne lage is not a good time. Iska seedha pressure peasants to par pada. Jab jagir se zyada income gain karne ke liye, nobles unko force karne lage is not a good idea. The fall of the Mughal Empire was the basic reason that the population needed to meet its basic needs. Indian peasants in the 17th and 18th century were worse off than me. Agriculture is in a state of stagnation and deterioration. Satnami, Jat and Sikh uprisings and peasant uprisings. Taxes are bachne ke liye kai baar peasants ko land chod kar jaana padta tha. Europe and India are the most important industries in the world. The Indian industry and economy are not as bad as Europe. The fall of the Mughal Empire was for a socio-political reason, you say, which gave me the spirit of political nationalism that we have. Aisa isliye tha kyunki India me ek modern nation ke elements nahi the. Indian honey ki koi bhi feeling want the. We are all aware of the common interests of the people. Nation ki jagah log person, tribes, caste ya religious sects ke liye loyal the. 18th century me Mughal army with strength kam ho gayi aur discipline aur fighting morals ki kami aa gayi. Lack of funds to maintain a large army is difficult. Civil wars require brilliant commanders and brave and experienced soldiers who die for their cause. The Mughal Empire suffered its final blow from 1739 to 1767 with the invasion of the Huns. Inke karan empire ki wealth drain ho gayi aur north india me trade and industry tabah ho gayi. And finally, the British rise to power and revival as the last hope for Khatma Ho Gayi. I'm not sure. The Commission has Dosto, is this the story of my humne dekha Aurangzeb ki successors ke bare me. Humne jaana ki kis tarah Aurangzeb ke baad laggbhag 40 saalu me hi Mughal empire is irrelevant to ho gaya. The Mughal Empire declined due to factors like human decay. Mughals are declining after Indian power great Mughals are heritage claiming century to rise and fall. Kyuki, your empire is not going to be strong enough to destroy Karne Ke liye. But empire ko unite karne ya phir uski jagah kuch naya set up karne ke kaabil nahi the. Wo ek naya social order bana nahi sakte the, jo west se aaye naye enemy ke against khada ho pa tha. You know the regional powers Mughals rule me like a rahe purane systems like tarah hi the. Dousri taraf Europeans have a superior economic system that their science and technology must be superior to. India's socio-economic and political structure is being replaced by a colonial structure. Is evil se ek positive development ye hua ki Indian society ka stagnation ab break ho chuka tha aur naye changes dekhne ko mile. Bhale hi is process in India me extreme misery aur national degradation ka vistar kiya, But in this time, the forces of change are bringing me dynamism. Study IQ IAS, ab already hui affordable.