Medieval History of INDIA Series ¦ Lec 9; Reign of Akbar; Politics, Religion & Economy ¦ UPSC GS

Akbar became the third ruler of the Mughal dynasty after Babur and Humayun in the Fiftieth and Fiftieth Sixties. Akbar had made a special place among the Indian population due to his military genius and inclusive policies in his nearly fifty-year reign. Friends, this is the story of his becoming Akbar from Akbar to Akbar. In this video we will talk about Akbar's Political History, Rajputs policy, Religious policy and Economic policy. So let's start with Political History from Political History The year is 1540 Akbar's father Humayun Battle of Chausa in 1539 And the Battle of Kannauj in 1540 Afghan ruler The lion loses to Shahsuri Hummauu to save lives The Sindhs flee to the west Meanwhile, their marriage Parzia's Hamida is a woman. In this difficult time Lokal Rajput of Amarkot in Sindh Ruler Rana Prasad to him Give shelter In the fort of Issi Amarkot In 1542 the Jalal Uddin Muhammad Akbar is born Born in a secular environment Go ahead and follow their Rajput Policy and Release Policy They play the rules. After that in Kabul his uncle I'm here with Mirza. They grow up. Akbar's books also had a lot of delight. But I read them often. There were some problems. Many tutors tried to teach him But they couldn't learn to read and write. Some historians believe That they were dyslexic Which is why they have to read alphabets There will be trouble. To remedy this deficiency Akbar Every evening from others I'm reading all the books. We learned from them. About nine years old. Akbar's other uncle When Hindaal Mirza died Humayun Akbar is the Gajni of We make a vice-president. And his first marriage was to Hindaal Mirza. Daughter is taken from a woman. This is the same time. - I'm going to the park. Son of Sher Shah Suri After the death of Islam Shah But Delhi is a poison. But the sorrow of the wretched Adil Shah Suri does not give up They are their Hindu Military Commander Heem Chandram Vikrama Ditya Or order Hemu to defeat Humayun. Hemu was a very capable and efficient commander. They were beating all the governors of Humayun one after another. And the governors of Delhi and Agra were running away at his name. But before the final battle is over, Humayun falls from the library ladder and dies. Akbar was only 14 years old. After Humayun's death, Bayram Khan became Akbar's guardian. Bairam Khan had been serving in the Mughal military since Babur's time. Not to be a rebel, So Bairam Khan hides the death of Humayun from everyone until Akbar's coronation. Akbar's kingdom was inaugurated in February 1556. Then begins the 1556 Battle of Sekin and Panipat, Which is 30 years after the First Battle. The Mughal army is not going to lose that an arrow gets in the eye of Hemu, And so Akbar is lucky to win the Battle of Panipat. For the next 4-5 years, Bairam Khan runs the administration on his behalf. But gradually Akbar begins to look very authoritarian to Bairam Khan, And there's a lot of politics in the court. To deal with this, he removed Bayram Khan from his position and sent him on Hajj in 1560. But on the way, the Afghan enemy cut off the head of Bairam Khan. After removing Bairam Khan, Akbar's full focus comes on expansion. Let us know about Akbar's conquests. The Conquests of Akbar Akbar knew that if he wanted to expand his empire, he had to expand trade and commerce. For this, it was very important to visit textile trading centers like Gujarat and Bengal's sea ports, Surat. Not only this, but he also has to face the rebellion of his second half brother and the ruler of Kabul, Mirza Hakim. For this he shakes hands with some Rajput rulers, marries their princesses, gives them senior administrative and military positions in the Mughal administration. The result is that many Rajput rulers give their loyalty and service to the Mughals for four generations, they make more alliances, which slowly builds one kingdom after another in North India and Central India or their successor. The Siddhiyas and Mewad, Runathambor, Marwad, Gujarat, Haldi Gahti, Siddhiyas and Ranpratap and Khandesh, Berar and parts of Ehmad Nagar in Deccan are in their possession, In East India, Bengal, Bihar, Faram Daoud Khan Kar Rani and Odisha, their flag is raised, in addition, the North West Frontier has always been a beacon for Indian rulers, After conquering Central and East India, they take back control of Kabul, Kashmir, Sindh, Balochistan and Kandahar, to avoid foreign invasion. It is interesting to note that they were not only interested in winning the battle, but after winning the battle, they would have re-established the local king without humiliating him in the Maximum Case. This policy had not been adopted by any Muslim ruler before. For example, Alawdeen Khalji and Muhammad bin Tughlaq Akbar could not become successful rulers. So this was Akbar's conquest. Let us know about some memorable battles during these conquests. Epic Battles After the coronation of Akbar The first battle was the Battle of Sekin and Panipat in 1556. Winning it is like a lifeline for Mughal Samraj. At the same time, the battle to win the house in Central India is also very inspiring. The great queen of Gond ruled here. She was the wife of her son Raja Bir Narayan. In the Battle of Damoh in 1564, she lost to Akbar's commander Asakh Khan. But his story of courage and bravery is still an inspiration for the Gond tribes today. The battle with Mirzaao during the conquest of Ahmedabad and Surat in Gujarat was also epic. In the happiness of winning Gujarat, he had also built the Buland Tarwaja i.e. door of victory in Fatehpur Sikri, 36 kilometers away from Agra. Besides, the Battle of Sekin or Panipat 20 years later, in 1576, the Battle of Haldi Valley took place is one of the most famous battles. Due to Akbar's Rajput policy, all the Rajput rulers were slowly accepting Akbar's supremacy. But the Rajputs of Chittoor had an old enmity with the Mughals. For context, Maharajah Pratap's grandfather Rana Sayag was defeated by Babur in the Battle of Khandwa in 1527. From then on, the Sisodhya Rajputs did not like Mughals at all. After Rana Sanga, his son Rana Udhayasingh also continued the fight. In his time, the Siege and Chitrodd Fort was built. After Rana Udhayasing, his son Mahara Pratap's number comes. At Akbar's command, the king of Amer extends friendship to Maharajah Pratap, but Maharajah Pratap refuses. As a result, King Man Singh led Akbar's army in the Battle of the Yellow Valley. Maharajah Pratap was supported by the Afghans, the Bhillans and their unique horse Chetak. Despite being surrounded by the Mughal army on the day of the battle, Rana Pratap does not give up. And so strongly Swift counter attacks that Mughal army remains the right of the buck Well, these battles are incognito-exclusive but if there is no consciousness then in the battle of Haldi Valley Maharaana Pratap has achieved the Vir Gati. We just learned about some epic battles, with which this political history ends. Because of winning many battles Akbar holds a special place not only in Mughal but in the entire Indian history But why is it that in the history of India he is a hero and in the history books of Pakistan he is a villain? So let's now discuss some of Akbar's policies First of all talk about Akbar's Rajput policy Akbar's Rajput policy His Rajput policy was growing noticeable He never forgot the protection of the Rajputas he met at his birth. As far as he could he tried to win the hearts of the Rajputs. He was a man of great skill in victory and humiliation. He marries many Rajput princesses, like Amer, He is married to the Kachwaha Rajput of Jaipur, the daughter of Raja Bharmal, Harakha or Jodha Bai. He did not force his Hindu wives to convert and built Hindu temples for them in his palace. The next Mughal emperor, Salim, was the son of Jodha Bai. Because of this syncretic and secular approach, he won the hearts of the Rajputs not only in the field but also outside the field. The next emperor was Salim i.e. Jahangir, son of Jodha Bai. Because of this syncretic and secular approach, he won the hearts of the Rajputs not only in the field but also outside the field. He did not discriminate on the basis of Shia Sunni. For borrowing, Bairam Khan was Shia and was their closest. He relied more on his judgement than the Maulana. Akbar also waived the pilgrim tax and the fee levied on Hindus, which made him popular. He also ran Ram, Sita, Silver Koinj. I have always believed that there is something good in all religions, but many religious teachers create divisions in their subjects by their extremist teaching. To rise above this, Akbar brought the idea of Sulhe Akul i.e. Universal Peace. His friend and biographer Abul Fazal also prepared his Arand Principles of this idea. After him, Jahangir and Shah followed these good governance principles everywhere. To further promote religious harmony, he founded a new inclusive religion called Din Elahi or Divine Faith. Birbal was the only Hindu who accepted this religion with all his heart. After the release of his economic policy, we talk about his economic policy. The economy of Akbar's empire was mainly based on agriculture, industry and trade. Printing on cloth, silk weaving or similar were important economic activities. Improvements in transport and communication facilities had a positive impact on the overall economy. The diversified industrial activities of the people not only satisfied the minds of local aristocrats and merchants but also made the spiral available for merchants coming from abroad. But here's a chilling thing that in the time of Althor Akbar India was a rich country but Missouri was full of population Where emperors, nobles, landlords and gentry lived luxurious lives, the common man had to face economic difficulties. Friends, this was Akbar's important policies in the field of politics, religion and economy. In the next part we will talk about Akbar's administration, foreign relations and cultural patronage.