Complete Medieval History Through Animation ¦ Lec03 ¦ Khaljis and Tughlaqs ¦ By Aadesh ¦ StudyIQ IAS

Khaljis and Tughlaqs Welcome to StudyIQ My name is Order Singh Friends, please. Today in this story we will talk The rule of the Sultanate of the Indian Middle Ages About two important dynasties - What? And the tuggles As we know that The first dynasty of the Sultanate That is, the Mamlukes were a Salian dynasty. The Gurdas of the Joseon Dynasty I was in the underground. The end of the Mamluk dynasty in 1290 After this, Khalji Dynasty Rule of a kind Because with this dynasty Now the Sultanate rules instead of the Turkish nobles He came to Afghanistan. That is, it was an independent dynasty. After the death of Balban in 1286 I'm going to take over the daycare again. I was confused about the whole thing. During this period, by Turkish nobles The attempt to monopolize the high-fixes I'm going to take a lot of non-Turks like There was a regiment in Khaljiz. The time of the engine I came to India but I didn't get them. He got a job in Ami. And in the North West Faced the challenge of Mongol invasion With time something Indian Muslims also joined the nobility Even in high offices Due to lack of appointment Balbar proved that Any successful general He could have removed the Sultan's family and sat on the throne. Just for this Nobility and Army support The need is only for these reasons. One of the noble men of the Gulf A group of Khalji nobles The leader of which was Jalaluddin Khalji He has incompitan of Balban Successors in 1290 Overthrown Jalaluddin Khalji of its First in the North West. I was going to Before that, Jalaluddin. The Valkum of Khalji Did The Turkish Navy The Office of the High Commissioner Against the Khaljiz has a mixed Turkish Afghan Arrijin's being Also the Turkish High Office Not excluded But the rise of the Khuljis certainly ended the Turkish manoeuvring of the High Offices. So friends, the first ruler of Khalji dynasty was Jalaluddin Khalji. Let's see about his rule. I'm not going to lie. Rain 1290 to 1296 Jalaluddin Khalji ruled over the Delhi Sultanate for a brief period of six years. He tried to mitigate the harsh method of the rule of the bulban. Jalaluddin was the first such ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. He maintained that the rule of the state should be established only on the will of the people. And because the majority of India's population is Hindu Therefore India cannot be made a true Islamic state. Jalaluddin has avoided the policy of tolerance and harsh punishments. I tried to play the goodwill ball of nobility. His supporters have called his policy a week policy. Jalaluddin defeated the Mongols who had reached the Sunam. Due to this reason, a kind of insecurity was spread in the Delhi Sultanate. Which Alauddin Khilji tried to reverse. Let us know about Khilji's most famous ruler Alauddin Khilji. Alauddin Khilji reigned from 1296 to 1316. Alauddin was killed by his uncle and father, Jalaluddin Khilji. Before this, Alauddin was the governor of Awadh and he had invaded Deccan's Devgir and collected the lost treasure. Devgir is the Ram of today's Daulatbad. With the help of this treasure, Alauddin murdered Jalaluddin and took the nobles and soldiers to his side. Despite this, for some time he had to defeat many rebels. To improve his appearance, Alauddin began to adopt a very routine and severe method. The Mousts who came to him by the seduction of Treasure now the Nobles were either killed or they were scattered. Several members of her family were also given severe punishments. Despite embracing Islam of several thousand Mongols settled in Delhi, he massacred them. The reason for this was that these converts helped Alauddin in looting Gujarat and took a large part of this loot. The wives and children of these drubbles were also given harsh punishments. According to historians, this practice was new and Alauddin's successor also kept it continuous. Alauddin made many kinds of regulations, due to which the nobles could be prevented from conspiring against him. He was not allowed to celebrate wedding and festivities without the Sultan's permission. He banned wine and intoxicants, so that there could be no festive parties. To keep an eye on the nobles, he also set up a spy system. By using these methods, Alauddin forced the nobles to prostrate themselves before him. Talking about Allauddin's naval invasion of India, Allauddin invaded and conquered Gujarat in 1299 and 1304 with the help of his generals Ulukh Khan and Nusrat Khan. In 1301 he captured Ranthambore and killed the ruler of there Hamir Deva. Alauddin also captured Malwa, Chittood, Dhar, Mandhu, Ujjain, Marwar, Chanderi and Jalaur. Talking about the invasion of South India by Alauddin, Alauddin was the first Sultan who attacked South India. He sent his general master Kafur to attack the rulers of the South. Between 1309 and 1311 Malik Kafur led two campaigns. The first was in the Telangana area. And the second is the modern Doar Samara, opposite Mawar and Madurai. He also defeated Warangal's Pratap Rudra Dhasekin, the Hossala King Vir Bhalla Dhatward. The owner Kafur constructed a mosque in Rameswaram. The South Kingdoms recognized Alauddin's power and paid him a monetary tribute. Alauddin also registered 12 times in his reign the Mongol invasions of Sicily. Let's talk about Alauddin's domestic policies. Till Alauddin became Sultan, the position of the Daley Sultanate was consolidated at the central position of the Empire. For this he set up three markets in Delhi, one for Foot Grange, another for Costly Clodge, and a third for Slaves and Cattle. This market was under the control of a high officer, called Shahna, who strictly controlled merchants, shopkeepers and prices. For the regular supply of cheap grain, it declared that land revenue in the Duwab region would now be paid to Darikli State. That is, the wills will no longer be assigned to an unknown entity. Alauddin strictly banned black marketing. Revenue was collected only in cash, not in kind. With its help, the army was also paid in cash. That is, no revenue was to be paid for land without cultivation. Later, Shersha Suri further developed this system. This had the effect that now rich landlords could not increase revenue on the poors. Landlords were called Khuts and Mukadhams. They too now had to pay tax on cattle and horses like the others. The direct collection of land revenue was done by the Amil and the local officials. Alauddin's policies were against the privileged sections of the society. But they cannot be called Socialist Major. That's because these policies were created to fight the Mongol threat. Friends Alauddin's death took place in 1316 and his successors were the rulers of the week. Gyauddin Tughlaq led a noble's gurub to conquer Daley and capture Thrun. And from here began the Tughlaq Dynasty which we will learn about in the next section. Gyasuddin Tughlaq started a new dynasty, the Tughlaq Dynasty, which ruled over the Delhi Sultanate until 1412. Under these rules, many major changes in India's domestic and foreign policies are to be seen. The Tughlaq dynasty gave three important rulers. First let's talk about the story of the Tughlaq. After the seizure of the Sultanate, he continued the policy of Alauddin's forward expansion in a different way. His policy was quite harsh against the Mongols. She killed many Mongol onvoys and gave harsh punishments to Mongol prisoners. The construction of the Tughlakabad Fort was not started. In his reign, Gyauddin built a stable administration, which was dominated by the Multanese. Multan's dominance shows its native power base i.e. Dipalpur and Punjab. Gyasuddin gave the most importance to postal arrangements, judiciary, irrigation, agriculture and police. After taking the throne, he took Bengal, Utkal, Odisha and Warangal under his control. Let's talk about Muhammad bin Tughlaq now. Muhammad bin Tughlaq, 1325-1351 Friends, after Aladdin Khilji, if anyone is known for board experiments, it is Muhammad bin Tughlaq. In some ways, Muhammad can be called the most remarkable ruler of his age. He was quite deep in religion and philosophy, and he was a person of critical and open mind. Not only Muslim mystics, but also Hindu yogis and Jain saints like Jnana Prabhu Surya were constantly conveying to him. Based on merit, he was prepared to appoint people to high offices, whether they were from noble families or not. Muhammad's most controversial step was when in 1327 he shifted his capital from Delhi to Deogir. It is said that he wanted to make Daltabad the second capital, so that South India could be governed in a better way. For this he asked many officers and Sufi saints to shift to Daltabad, but did not shift the population. After a few years he abandoned Daltabad, because it was becoming difficult to govern Delhi. Although his attempt was a failure, due to the combination of people, North and South India had now become quite close, which made it difficult to govern Delhi. People spread the culture, religion and ideas of the Turks in Deccan. Thus, a new kind of cultural exchange started between North and South India. Muhammad interdue a token currency, which was a bronze coin, its value equal to a silver soldering iron. The idea of token currency was new in India, due to which it was difficult for traders to induce its use. Because he could not stop the fake coins, Muhammad abolished the token currency after some time. After the Agriculture, there was a serious pageant rebalance in the Gangetic Doab from the start of Muhammad bin Tughlaq's reign. The Pagans fled the village and Muhammad captured and killed them with a harsh major. The state's arbitration began to be fixed in manor and prices also began to be set artificially to convert agricultural products into money. Many people lost their lives due to violence during the Famine. After all this, in Duaab, the Sultan launched a scheme to improve and expand cultivation. He set up a separate department Diwane Amir and someone else. In it the whole area was divided into one officer's under development blocks and provisions of loans were brought. But unfortunately, due to inexperienced and disillusioned officers this scheme failed. Muhammad's rule included many divergent sections in the nobility. Even people without any noble family background were given a place in the nobility by Tughlaq. Like Babur, Cook, Veevers, wine makers, and so on. They were all descendants of Muslim converts and some Hindus also joined the nobility. These sections had no sense of cohesiveness or loyalty to the Sultan. On the other hand, the Empire's loss of power led to rebellions for the Independent Authority. So Muhammad bin Tughlaq's rule can be called the ZENIT of the Daily Sultanate, but somewhere somewhere in his rule there was a disintegration of the Sultanate. Let's go ahead and talk about the money of Muhammad bin Tughlaq. And they will also understand how the disintegration of the Delhi Sultanate has accelerated with the reign of Feroz. The first of these was the great Turkish poet, Firuz Tuğlak, 1351-1388. In the end of Muhammad Tughlaq's reign, there began to be Rabbailians in different parts of the Empire. These Raballians were of noble ambition, which was no big deal. Muhammad constantly suppressed these Rabbailians. After Muhammad's death, his cousin Feroz Tughlaq succeeded him. Immediately after one session, Feroz had to face the problem of the imminent break up of the Dalai Sultanate. He adopted a policy of disliking nobles, amy and theologians. He gave up his authority over Deccan and South India. He abolished the practice of torturing nobles. The rebellion stopped, but in the long run it proved to be damaging to the Sultanate. He also extended the hereditary principle, so that the military administration also slowed down under his rule. Speaking of religion and politics, the theologians were not allowed to dismiss the state policy like their predecessors. But to impress the theologians he declared himself a true Muslim king and declared the Indian State an Islamic state. It was during the time of Feroze that for the first time a separate tax was introduced on life. Feroz Tughlaq was the first ruler who took steps to translate Hindu religious texts from Sanskrit into Persian. He also took many humanitarian mergers. Free treatment for hospitals and dowry for their daughters. It is likely that he did this for Muslim families going through a bad time. The economic improvement of the country was also of interest. She set up a sham department of public classes. Which was to keep an eye on her building program. He also constructed and repaired many canals. But in the year 1388 A.D. Feroz Tughlaq died. Now let's talk about the disintegration of the Dalai Sultanate. Disintegration of the Daily Sultanate. Friends, Feroz has scared his officers, That whenever he attacks somewhere, So the young boy there should be sent to the sultan. In the year 1388 AD, the succession problem arose again after the death of Feroz. Sultan Muhammad of Feroze claimed the throne with the help of these slaves. By taking advantage of the situation due to the turmoil of the Sultan and nobles, Sultan Muhammad ended the power of these slaves. His successor Nasiruddin Mahmud who ruled from 1394 to 1412 He too was unsuccessful in stopping the ambush of nobles and kings. The governors of the provinces became independent and the rule of the Grajuli Sultan was limited to the area around Delhi. Meanwhile in 1398 Timur's invasion made the Dalai Sultanate even more powerful. Timur's engine drained wealth, gold, silver, jewelry, and atsetra from India. But the political effect of Timur's invention was small. Although the Tughlaq dynasty ruled until 1412, Timur's invasion can be called the end of the strong rule of the Dali Sultanate. Now come to the conclusion. The Commission has So friends this was the story of the Delhi Sultanate from Khalji and Tughlaq dynasty We learned about their different rulers and their policies And in the end we saw how the Dalai Sultanate disintegrated This responsibility cannot be given to any one ruler. We saw that in medieval times conflict between Munak and nobles, The struggle between local rulers and landlords and many regional and geographical factors There were persistent problems Individual rulers tried to fight these problems But no one was in a position to bring about a fundamental change in society. So the disintegration of the political fabric was just the beginning After 1412 a new beginning of the struggle of the empire in North India took place Which we'll learn about in the next lecture. Study IQ IAS now prepared at affordable price