Portuguese DNA; What is the Genetic History of Portugal¿
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Portuguese DNA: What is the Genetic History of Portugal?
Chapters:
0:00 Intro
1:16 Ancient Genetic History of Portugal
3:41 Iron Age
4:22 The Romans, Lisbon & Other Ancient Peoples
6:03 Al-Andalus
7:21 Modern Genetics of Portugal and Haplogroups
What is the genetic history of Portugal and how has this shaped the DNA of Portuguese people today? Now the word Portugal derives from the combined Roman-Celtic place name Portus Cale, as I note in my video on the Celtic Origins of Portugal and Spain. We know that Portus is the Latin word for port, but Cale is likely Celtic in origin, and could come from the Callaeci, also known as the Gallaeci, who were a Celtic tribal complex who inhabited the north-west corner of the Iberian Peninsula.
Although there are other theories on what Cale could mean. It could perhaps come from the name of an ancient Celtic goddess for instance called Cala, who could be related to a Gaelic goddess (Cailleach) who is associated with the weather, especially storms and winter. In Scotland, she is known as Beira, Queen of Winter. It’s no surprise that we Scots have a Queen of the Winter given the weather we get.
Anyway, now let’s look at the genetic history of Portugal, a country that produced one of the greatest footballers ever, Cristiano Ronaldo - given that I’m a Man United fan I had to get that in, and Ronaldo has actually just started his own YouTube channel that broke YouTube records, reaching one million subscribers in just 90 minutes and 10 million in just one day.
Sources:
Iñigo Olalde et al. The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years.Science363,1230-1234(2019).DOI:10.1126/science.aav4040
Cristiano Ronaldo breaks YouTube record - BBC Newsround
Olalde, I., Brace, S., Allentoft, M. et al. The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe. Nature 555, 190–196 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25738
Bycroft, C., Fernandez-Rozadilla, C., Ruiz-Ponte, C. et al. Patterns of genetic differentiation and the footprints of historical migrations in the Iberian Peninsula. Nat Commun 10, 551 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08272-w
Haplogroup E1b1b (Y-DNA) - Eupedia
Haplogroup R-M269 - Wikipedia
Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA) - Eupedia
Haplogroup J2 (Y-DNA) - Eupedia
Haplogroup K (mtDNA) - Eupedia
Ancient DNA analysis recreates genetic history of Portugal and Spain - News & Events | Trinity College Dublin (tcd.ie)
Nogueiro I, Teixeira JC, Amorim A, Gusmão L, Alvarez L. Portuguese crypto-Jews: the genetic heritage of a complex history. Front Genet. 2015 Feb 2;6:12. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00012. PMID: 25699075; PMCID: PMC4313780.
Haplogroup K1a1b1a (mtDNA) - Wikipedia
Portuguese people - Wikipedia
Haplogroup H (mtDNA) - Eupedia
Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula - Wikipedia
Genetic origins of the Iberian people - Eupedia
Y-chromosome lineages from Portugal, Madeira and Açores record elements of Sephardim and Berber ancestry - ScienceDirect
Urnfield culture - Wikipedia
Centuries-old population movements revealed in fine-scale genetic map of the Iberian Peninsula | University of Oxford
Lisbon - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Gallaeci - Wikipedia
Creative Commons Imagery:
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