【4K🇨🇳】中國北京現存最古老的古塔，千年遼代磚塔，北京天寧寺之旅 The oldest existing ancient pagoda in Beijing, CHINA

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天寧寺，位於中國北京市西城區天寧寺前街甲3號，建於北魏孝文帝時期，寺內天寧寺塔雄偉莊重，是北京地區保存較早的古塔。
天寧寺早期坐西向東，明朝後改為坐北向南，清道光年間又改回坐西向東。現存的寺院佈局仍為坐北向南，有東西、南北兩條軸線，初進天寧寺有山門，上刻「天寧寺「三個大字，為灰筒瓦硬山式門頂。
再往裡進，則能望見須彌殿一座，面闊5間，進深3間。殿前有月台，殿後有東、西殿各三間，其中軸線上便挺立著天寧寺塔。
天寧寺塔雄偉莊重、雕刻精美，是北京地區保存較早的古塔，最初多被人誤認為是隋代所建，後經著名建築學家梁思成考證，現存塔實為遼代重建。塔雖經重建，但仍保存了遼代建築風格，實屬不易。天寧寺塔作為遼代磚塔，形製獨特，共乘飛簷疊拱13層，為實心磚砌，內無石階可行。塔高57.8米，由塔座、塔身、密簷組成，平面呈八角形。天寧寺塔座甚高，最底一層為須彌座，亦呈八角形，下層基座各面有六座壺門形龕，由短柱隔成，龕內雕有浮雕坐像，各龕之間雕有纏枝蓮，束腰上雕有壺門花飾。其上復有一道束腰，最上一層則有鬥拱勾欄俱全的平座，與三層仰蓮瓣共同承托塔身。塔身共13層，雕有金剛力士、菩薩、雲龍等浮雕，造型豐富多元、形象鮮明。 13層塔身屬浮屠建層的最高級別，一般為皇家特許。
Tianning Temple, located at No. 3 Tianning Temple Front Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China, was first built during the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The Tianning Temple Pagoda in the temple is majestic and solemn, and is one of the earliest preserved ancient pagodas in Beijing.
Tianning Temple was originally located west to east, but after the Ming Dynasty, it was changed to north to south, and then changed back to west to east during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty. The existing layout of the temple is still north to south, with two axes, east-west and north-south. There is a mountain gate at the beginning of Tianning Temple, with three large characters "Tianning Temple" engraved on it, and a gray tube tile hard mountain style door top.
Going further in, you can see a Xumi Hall, which is 5 rooms wide and 3 rooms deep. There is a platform in front of the hall, and three rooms each for the east and west halls behind the hall, and the Tianning Temple Pagoda stands on the axis.
The Tianning Temple Pagoda is majestic and solemn, with exquisite carvings. It is one of the earliest preserved ancient pagodas in Beijing. It was initially mistakenly believed to be built in the Sui Dynasty. Later, after research by the famous architect Liang Sicheng, the existing pagoda was actually rebuilt in the Liao Dynasty. Although the tower has been rebuilt, it still preserves the architectural style of the Liao Dynasty, which is not easy. As a Liao Dynasty brick tower, the Tianning Temple Tower has a unique shape, with a total of 13 layers of flying eaves and stacked arches. It is made of solid bricks and has no stone steps inside. The tower is 57.8 meters high and consists of a tower base, a tower body, and dense eaves. The plane is octagonal. The base of the Tianning Temple Tower is very high. The bottom layer is a Xumi seat, which is also octagonal. There are six pot-shaped niches on each side of the lower base, separated by short columns. There are relief statues carved in the niches. There are entangled lotuses carved between the niches, and pot-shaped flower decorations carved on the waist. There is another waist above it, and the top layer has a flat seat with complete brackets and railings, which supports the tower body together with the three layers of upturned lotus petals. The tower body has a total of 13 floors, with reliefs of Vajrapani, Bodhisattvas, Yunlong, etc., with rich and diverse shapes and vivid images. The 13-story tower body is the highest level of pagoda. building, generally authorized by the royal family.