海洋巨獸.E02紀錄片《海洋巨獸》 震撼畫面

這是一隻瓶子嘴鳥 牠的腦子是動物王國中最大的 比我們還要大 牠被認為是地球上最有智慧的動物之一 鳥類,和牠們的大舌頭,大蝙蝠 生活在自己的世界裡,完全不存在 難以想像牠們的思維 嘗試揭露牠們的祕密 科學家們,為了了解牠們,投入了自己的生命 我認為我們可以在五年內,和牠們溝通 而且,牠們比我們之前更親近 牠們是全球最頂尖的下水攝影師 這是我人生中最棒的一天 這是一隻蝙蝠 這是你任何地方都能看到的最棒的東西 就像我們一樣 蝙蝠和鳥類是大腦 生活在複雜的社會生活中 牠們有多聰明呢? 在巴哈馬河的沙漠,有一個蝴蝶的天堂 這些安靜、清澈的海洋 是一個世界上最深奧的研究項目 關於動物與鳥的溝通 是牠們的智慧的優秀措施 那麼,這些在海洋上看到的海豚 牠們的表現如何呢? 行動生物學家Denise Hertzing 是一位世界上的海豚專家 和海豚說話 牠們會做生物指引 哪一隻? 牠很棒 Denise花了過去26年 研究當地的海豚 並認識了每一隻 她的目標是瞭解 牠們的聲音、觸感和身體姿勢 她會錄製牠們的行動 使用專門設計的水泵和下水相機 之後,她會分析錄影和聲音錄影 試圖瞭解牠們在說什麼 多虧了Denise的堅持 與這些海豚的關係 攝影師Doug Allen和DDA Noirot 有著獨特的機會 捕捉海豚的大量溝通 要做的事情是 如果牠們與你互動 請勿轉身 這是牠們互動的訊號 或是牠們互動的訊號 我給你一個很重要的提示 誰的行動最好 與海豚表現最好的態度 就有可能得到最佳的錄影 這是你的挑戰 我們準備好了 當牠們進入水中 隊伍會遇到一羣家庭 包括一位母親和一隻小貓 在海豚世界中 母親會照顧牠們的貓 至少五年 給牠們足夠的時間 教牠們所有的知識 當母親和貓分開 牠們保持聯繫 通過製造自己獨特的訊號 海豚也學會了 其他羣體的訊號 因此牠們可以稱呼彼此 除了人類外 海豚似乎是牠們 獨一無二的羣體 在海豚社會中 溝通也有一個陰暗的面貌 通常是當牠們興奮起來 準備去追逐和戰鬥的時候 這次當牠們進入水中 聲音會發出大量的聲響 麻煩已經毀滅了 男海豚組成小羣體 融合牠們的動作和聲音 當牠們聚在一起 牠們似乎在製造自己獨特的羣體訊號 這羣男青少年 正在追逐Amanda 一位女性Denise很瞭解 他們正在嘗試 令Amanda感到驚訝 他們的融合動作 她的注意力不太好 牠們進行高音的摸撞 並摔撞牠們的尾巴 牠們一直用超音 測試牠們是否入了季節 但現在 牠們競爭起來了 是一羣更年輕的男生 伊曼德戰爭已經開始了 在海邊,兩隊人馬前進 被海豚完全忽略, 迪迪耶有機會近距離錄製這場激烈的戰爭 兩隊人在同時擺姿勢和鼓掌 讓他們看起來更壯大更強烈 這場激烈的戰爭不是靠暴力 而是靠高度的溝通 然後突然間,戰爭停止了 老子們看見了年輕人的槍 他們的爭議顯然是更有信心的 哇,看到了嗎? 那裏發生了很多動作 他們全都站在一起,在水中 有時候你可以看見他們有一個大麴的姿勢 鼻子張開 這真是極端的暴力 你知道,他們沒有正確的表情和肌肉 所以這就是他們的表情 鼻子張開,真棒 這是一個很好的例子 Denise還沒有解釋 這些神奇的互動的細節 她的夢想是某天 破壞他們的密碼 讓她能夠完全理解他們在說什麼 但是她到底有多接近 真正和海豚溝通呢? 我認為技術存在 我認為海豚在這裏的知識存在 我們可以在五年內 開始與海豚進行有意義的交流 但溝通只是智慧的一部分 智慧的動物也屬於詭異的動物 而海豚也屬於詭異的動物 在巴哈馬斯的西邊 在羅爾坦的加勒比亞島 當中的當地海豚 被感到驚訝 陳教授Stan Kuchie 是由攝影師Doug加入的 他正準備進行一個非常奇怪的實驗 與其中一個最奇妙的海豚 這隻要是舌頭的海豚 我們要把這個放進水裏 這小隻海豚已經感到掙扎 而實驗還沒有開始 Stan's machine blows bubble rings, something these dolphins won't ever have seen before. What dolphins make of these bubble rings? Initially, like most animals, they're a bit wary, but then curiosity gets the better of them. One individual seems particularly spellbound. She's checking out the bubbles not just with her eyes, but also with clicks of sonar. And then she braves the bubble ring. This courageous explorer has paved the way for the others. Just like human toddlers, it doesn't take long for these imaginative creatures to make a game out of their new toy. Even after hours with the bubble rings, the dolphins are still experimenting. And each has got their own version of the game. One dolphin prefers a tail flick. Another, a fin flick. And the real show-off goes for the swim through. While some animals will show initial interest in novel objects, very few will maintain this level of curiosity and playfulness for so long. This inquisitive nature and willingness to try new things enables dolphins to adapt to different situations. This has huge advantages for their survival in the wild. One place to see this is the western coast of Australia. Fifty kilometers south of Perth, the local dolphins face a tricky challenge. Here, the seabed is coated with seagrass. While there's plenty of food for dolphins, the long fronds interfere with their sense of echolocation, making it difficult for them to detect any hidden prey. But the local dolphins have come up with a clever plan. Dolphin expert Sarah Robinson has spent many years following these dolphins and discovered the secret of their success, stingrays. It doesn't take long for her to spot two of the dolphins she's after, the charmingly named Zit and Pimple. And they look like they're diving. I think I've put off the cold water long enough, so I'm going to have to get in and check out if they are following the stingrays. Fingers crossed. Yeah, they are, and I'm not going in for nothing. Sarah free dives to the grassy seabed and catches a rare glimpse of this strange association. With a lethal barb on the end of their tails, these stingrays pose a threat to both humans and dolphins. Zit and Pimple are taking quite a risk, but they don't seem to be put off as they shadow the rays every move. The ray seems to have found something. Undulating its wing-like fins, it's trying to flush out hidden prey. A real delicacy for both stingray and dolphin. Stingrays have an ability that dolphins lack. They can locate prey hidden beneath the seagrass using the electroreceptors on the underside of their bodies. And the dolphins have worked this out. The dolphins have solved the problem of how to find their favourite food in the long seagrass. They're harnessing an ability of another species for their own ends. The stingrays have done all the hard work only to be outsmarted by the dolphins. On the other side of the world, off the southern coast of Florida, another group of bottlenose dolphins face a very different challenge. In the shallows of Florida Bay, the fish can be very difficult to catch. With the tide receding, this female moves into position downstream of the fish. And then she does something remarkable. Beating her tail, she stirs up the silt. She has created a V-shaped wall of mud, a fish trap. Caught in the jaws of the trap, the fish have nowhere to go, except up. This ingenious hunting strategy has been passed down successive generations. And this female is teaching it to others. And to her own youngster. Just how these dolphins first came up with this extraordinary strategy is a mystery. But their use of mud to catch fish clearly demonstrates their unique powers of creativity. Perhaps it's this creative intelligence that draws us to these magical creatures. Certainly dolphins' curiosity and playfulness captivate us. But what of their larger cousins, the great whales? They have the largest brains of all. So what about their intelligence? Are they super smart too? These humpback whales are on a marathon journey. They've been swimming for the last three months. And their destination is the west coast of Alaska. The summer sun has fueled an explosion of life in these deep fjords. Have given rise to huge shoals of herring. And this fish bonanza is why the humpback whales have traveled over 5,000 kilometers. But feasting on these fish isn't straightforward. The herring choose to gather in the depths of the fjords where it's easier to escape from predators. For the whales to catch them, they'll need an ingenious hunting strategy. Scientist Fred Sharp knows of a particularly smart group of humpback whales that have a clever solution to catching herring. And he's invited Doug along to help him record key players in the group. So how does Fred rate their chances of finding them? 100%. 100%? That's great. This is their home. We just gotta find where the party is. It's like a nightclub, you know? Finding out where the hotspot is. Two weeks ago, it was right here. Right now, hard to say. But we'll find them. We'll find them. Fred has names for over a thousand whales that come here. But only 50 are part of what he calls the A Team. A super smart group of whales that work together in an extraordinary way. The unique shapes and marks of each whale's tail fluke allow Fred to tell who's who. There's one. Look over there. There he goes. Show us who you are, baby. Let's see him. Got it. Hey, it's a samurai. Doesn't it look like a mandarin with a sword marching along? It does slightly. Unfortunately, though, he's not one of our core community males that we're looking for. He's just kind of a lone samurai doing his thing. And it's a good sign. It shows there's food in the area. Fred has known samurai for the last eight years. He's one of the older humpbacks, but not one of the smartest. Fred and Doug come across more whales, some single, some traveling in pairs, but still no sign of the A team. Day after day, the search continues. At last, they come across a group that's fast asleep. It's just like a log floating on the surface. Without any tail flukes visible, it's very hard to identify individuals. Yeah, it seems like these animals compete just a lot. Cooperation, majesty. The one thing I really teach you is patience. You can see that. He's up for something now. He's going to flip me. Who is it? It's Vulture. That's one of the leaders, Vulture. That's Vulture. Sweet. Sweet indeed. They've found Vulture, one of the ringleaders of the A team. Stay steady. It's a peach. That's one of the most awesome things you can see anywhere, isn't it? A full beach. Phenomenal. You know, it's funny. Everybody's had a nice long nap, and it seems like they're starting to wake up. And it's like sometimes certain whales are like, let's get it going on, people. Let's get it going on. Let's get the pack flippers in the air. Yeah. They've found the A team, and they're certainly waking up. No one really knows why humpbacks make these fin slaps and spectacular breaches. Perhaps the herring have been spotted, and this is the team's call to action. Fred and Doug track the whales as they move to the shoreline. According to Fred, this is a favorite hunting spot. Once again, they seem to be having difficulty finding the prey. This is awesome to see these whales here. This is the core community. These are the leaders. These are the main bubblers and vocalizers. This is a very good sign. They're like apparitions, you know? Now they're listening out for the distinctive herding call and looking for a telltale circle of bubbles. We've been listening to these beautiful mournful calls for 15 years now, and we've been able... I hear it, I hear it. Right here, right here. To the left, quick. That's just... Yeah, it's like... That's really peachy. The biology's cool, but the beauty just blows me away. It's lovely. Last, the A-team are starting to feed. We're just so close, and they're obviously laid back. It's taken us a while to find the crew, you know? There were times I was a disbeliever, Fred, but you've come up with it. That's really lovely. The A-team's strategy for herding herring from the depths relies on a highly coordinated attack in which each whale has a crucial role to play. Using sightings like these as well as recordings from hydrophones and sonar equipment, Fred and his team have built up a detailed picture of what's going on beneath the surface. Following the ringleader, the whales dive down together and each one moves into position. There are the herders. They circle the fish with flashing fins keeping the shoal contained and preventing its escape. Then there is the caller, the one who dives below the shoal and emits a deafening cry. As a rocket launch, 180 decibels of sound pressure blasts through the water. In an attempt to escape from the noise, the panic-stricken fish are driven upwards. This is where the ringleader comes in. In our position above the herring, it begins blowing out a stream of air to create a fizzing net of bubbles. Prevented from dispersing by the herders, and driven up by the caller right into the bubble net. The fish trapped in the net. Wide open, the A-team burst through the surface engulfing their prey. By hunting together like this, each whale can catch up to 500 kilograms of herring a day. Surprisingly, Fred has discovered that none of the A-team is related. Like us, humpback whales can form friendships that last for many years. This spectacular display of teamwork is perhaps the ultimate demonstration of coordination and cooperation in the whale and dolphin world. Whales and dolphins capable of even higher thought processes that only a tiny elite of life on Earth can lay claim to. Are they capable of self-awareness, what one might call existential thought? At Baltimore Aquarium, some very special bottlenose dolphins are participating in one of the world's leading studies into what dolphins might think about themselves. Professor Diana Rees has spent over 25 years studying dolphins' cognitive abilities, that is, how they make sense of the world. And she's witnessed some astonishing behavior. Recently, we did studies where we actually gave dolphins... And her precision instrument to unlock the dolphins' inner secrets, a mirror. These dolphins have never seen a mirror in their lives. How will they react? True to form, they're instantly intrigued. So what they first do is they explore the mirror. They try to look behind it. They try to figure out what this new thing is. They also look and show behavior like they're looking at another dolphin. This behavior is shared with monkeys and even birds, but the dolphins do something that sets them apart. It looks like they're testing the effects of their own behavior in front of the mirror, understanding that there's a relationship between what they're doing and what they see in the mirror. They understand that that's themselves. This next step requires a giant mental leap of which very few animals are capable. It's great. I can watch this all day. I know. You have to be my research assistant. It's just great. This is why I do it. It's fascinating. There's something even more fascinating that happens when the dolphins are left with a mirror for longer. It's subtle, but the implications are profound. And to see it, we need to go into the ominously named pit. Because you don't hear. Here,Diana puts up a two-way mirror. While the dolphins just see a reflection of themselves, Doug can remain hidden from view, recording their reactions. These dolphins have been staring into the looking glass for over a year and just can't get enough of their own reflections. This is composter. He's really curious. Not only have they worked out that the reflection is theirs, but they seem endlessly absorbed by the image they see. They're using the mirror as a tool to view themselves. And it also suggests that they're interested in what they look like. That requires a sense of self. This is a very high level of awareness. Only humans, great apes and elephants share this sophisticated level of self-awareness. But can these apparently narcissistic tendencies reveal more about the inner workings of their minds? Human babies only start to recognize themselves in a mirror at the age of about two years old. And it's at this age that they also start to show another ability. Empathy. The capacity to identify and understand the feelings of others. Is it possible that whales and dolphins could mirror the emotional development we see in human babies? Might they too be able to empathize with others? Off the eastern coast of Mexico in Baja, California, there is one group of whales that behave in a way that suggests they are capable of feeling for others. Female gray whales gather each year in these warm, sheltered waters to give birth and to nurse their calves. But this whale nursery wasn't always a safe haven. Only 75 years ago it was the site of many a massacre. Whalers could pick off the slow-moving grays with ease. The whales fought back. Their attacks were so ferocious that they became known as hard-headed devil fish. Even after hunting was banned, whales and humans remained wary of each other. Then something extraordinary happened. In 1972, a local fisherman, Pachico Majoro, had an encounter he would never forget. On that fortunate day, I wasn't looking for whales. I was fishing. But then, unexpectedly, a whale came up alongside my boat and started poking its head out of the water. I was afraid. Expecting the boat to be wrecked by the devil fish, Pachico was amazed when the whale gently nudged alongside his tiny boat and looked into his eyes. Overcoming his fear, Pachico reached out and stroked the whale. After the initial excitement, I calmed down. Then I realized that the whales, despite how powerful they are, can live alongside us humans. I think that the whales are not resentful, that they want to share their space with us. They are very intelligent, perhaps even comparable to us, because they have shown us feelings, forgiveness. In that one instant, Pachico's attitude towards whales was changed forever. I feel that despite their size, they have a heart to receive us, a heart that's even bigger than they are. Today, people from around the world come here to meet the friendlies. Marine biologist Tony Frohoff has been studying the interactions between humans and whales here for 15 years. Nowhere else in the world, really, do you see this type of thing. It's completely unique in where the whales come right up to you. And they're doing it on their terms. They're living their lives here, nursing their young, giving birth, mating, but yet they still come up and they interact with boats like this. And there must be something that they're gaining emotionally, psychologically, from this type of interaction with people. And in the process, they're bringing out some of the best in people. No, the whale just came right up and there was nothing else to do but give him a kiss. I managed to kiss the baby about three times. And I thought life couldn't get better than that until the mom came up right between my arms and I got to hug her. Some of the older gray whales who would remember the days of whaling are still here today. So what has brought about this astonishing change in their behavior towards us? Not only have these ocean giants lost their fear of us, but they appear to be seeking us out and actively enjoying our company too. Emotional awareness is generally regarded as one of the highest forms of intelligence. But awareness of emotions in another species is even more impressive. That's amazing. Amazing. The latest research on whale and dolphins' brains has revealed something quite unexpected. Like us, they have spindle cells. These special brain cells were once thought to be unique to humans because of their link with language, self-awareness and compassion. Yet some whales and dolphins may have three times as many spindle cells as we do. What I'm observing defies a lot of what we have been taught. And we are now having to teach that there is more, literally, beneath the surface of these whales that meets the eye. Through the world's leading scientists, we are learning so much about the remarkable intelligence of whales and dolphins. But there is something that science cannot yet explain. Our extraordinary connection with these magical creatures. They really invite you in their family. You can get right in there. You can share their moments, their intimate moments. You realize just how complicated the societies that these animals live in. But you also have to ask yourself, are these animals trying to talk to us? When you really look into the eye of a dolphin or a whale, you see something behind them. You see that they're sentient. They're assessing you. They're aware. They're self-conscious. Perhaps one day soon, we may learn to communicate with these mysterious creatures. And then maybe they will tell us themselves what is really going on in the minds of the ocean giants.