德國的MP40，英國的司登，美國的湯普森，蘇聯的波波沙，到底哪個牛？

The Soviet soldiers in the trenches are cursing: Why is the guy on the other side using our Bobosha? If you don’t fight, you don’t know why our guns are so powerful. The comrades “kindly” reminded him: Aren’t you also using the Mp40 made by the Germans ? The human submachine gun is also good , but there are not many bullets for us to shoot . Why did the Soviet army use the German MP40 submachine gun ? Why did the German army like the Soviet PPSh41 Bobosha? conflict? The Thompson submachine gun of the U.S. military is expensive, and the British and domestic police, robbers and gangsters love to use it . Why doesn’t the U.S. military like it? Today we will take stock of these more well-known submachine guns in World War II to see who will be crowned the king of submachine guns . Weapons It was the Germans who used submachine guns in war for the first time . Pistols are easy to carry and can be fired in bursts , but their range and power are not enough . Rifles have a long range and high accuracy , but the barrel is too long and it is troublesome to reload . Machine guns are powerful , but infantry are also They couldn’t charge forward with their machine guns in their hands , so people wondered whether it is possible to develop a firearm that is more powerful than a pistol and suitable for close combat . Especially the emergence of the Stormtrooper has expanded the demand for this weapon . The Stormtrooper was developed by Germany. A special combat team composed of elite soldiers. In World War I , the Stormtroopers wanted to raid the enemy's position and quickly open a gap to clear the way for the attack of the large troops . In battle , the commandos can't just take rifles, just shoot and pull the bolt. What is the difference between fighting positional warfare ? When the opponent reacts and plugs the gap , the raid will fail. To meet the needs of the battle , the Germans Schmeisser and Bergman designed the MP18 submachine gun . The bullets of the pistol and the rate of fire of the machine gun are also easy to carry . When in the trenches, a shuttle of MP18 bullets swept in, and there were basically no living people on the opposite side . At a distance of one or two hundred meters, the terrifying rate of fire of MP18 could directly suppress the soldiers of the Allied Powers. Combined with grenades and flamethrowers , there was often a short and intense exchange of fire. The German storm assault After World War I , many countries saw the power of this emerging firearm and began to develop their own submachine guns . Even if the trench warfare method of World War I was abandoned, submachine guns were still useful in World War II . Germany played a role in World War II. The success of the blitzkrieg is inseparable from the blitzkrieg . The core of the blitzkrieg lies in the concentrated use of the armored units. The tank guns and machine guns of the armored units have great lethality against long-range targets , but the response to close-range attacks (within 150) is slow. The firepower of traditional German rifles And the rate of fire cannot solve this problem . Therefore, the vehicle-mounted infantry equipped with submachine guns is the guarantee for protecting the safety of armored troops at close range. On the basis of the MP18 submachine gun, the Germans successively developed submachine guns such as MP28, MP36, and MP38 until the later complete body - MP40 submachine gun MP40 It is an excellent submachine gun. In many WWII-themed movies and TV dramas , the MP40 has almost become the standard equipment of the German elite. It is easy to manufacture , easy to carry, and stable in performance . It is the biggest advantage of the MP40. The MP40 cancels the wooden buttstock that is difficult to connect. Steel folding buttstock The main parts of the submachine gun are all pressed by steel sheets and can be produced in factories of all sizes in Germany. After folding , the MP40 is only 62 centimeters , which is more than 20 centimeters shorter than weapons with wooden buttstocks. It is very suitable for paratroopers and armored soldiers. Especially in the small compartment and cabin, the recoil of MP40 is very small, and the shooting within the effective range is very accurate . Of all the submachine guns in World War II, the shooting accuracy can exceed MP40 . There may be only the Finnish Somi submachine gun . And MP40 is easy to operate . It is said that it has undergone short-term training. Finally , even women and children can easily use the MP40 . Of course, the shortcomings of the MP40 are also very obvious. The Germans are too focused on precision and rock-solid quality , thus ignoring the biggest use of the submachine gun: fire suppression . The MP40 has only 32 rounds, which looks similar to The submachine guns of the Allies are comparable , but against the Bobosha submachine gun MP40, which was equipped with 71 rounds of large ammunition drums by the Soviet army, it fell behind in terms of firepower. The low rate of fire of MP40 is also a fatal flaw. The rate of fire of the American Thompson submachine gun is more than 700 rounds per minute. The Soviet Union 's Bobosha reached a terrifying 900 rounds , while the MP40's theoretical rate of fire was only 500 rounds per minute , and the actual rate of fire was even lower. The original idea of ​​​​German designers was that "elites are only for" German soldiers who have undergone rigorous training can rely on shooting The precise MP40 continues to accurately kill enemies within range, but the role of the submachine gun is to suppress the enemy with ferocious firepower. In urban battles, especially in street fighting with the Soviet army, it is possible to encounter close quarters at any time. The enemy is flickering, and it is difficult for soldiers. Accurate shooting In most cases, it is to shoot in the general direction of the enemy . In this way, the shortcomings of the German MP40's small ammunition load and low rate of fire will be infinitely magnified . Therefore, on the Eastern Front battlefield, you will see many German soldiers looking for and picking them up. The PPSh41 Bobosha submachine gun of the Soviet army, the German army did not look at other things , but took a fancy to Bobosha’s fierce firepower and the super battery life of 71 rounds of large drums . The German military even modified the captured Bobosha submachine gun to install it The German 9mm Parabellum pistol was used to simplify logistics , but in this way, Bobosha could not use the 71-round large ammunition drum . The German army simply changed it back . If you want to use Bobosha’s , go directly to the battlefield.” Let’s pick up the rubbish.” Let’s look at the British Sten submachine gun . As for why we talk about Sten first and not Bobosha , because here we need to do an elimination method first, and first rule out the possibility of Sten being selected as the strongest submachine gun. It was arrogant during World War I. The British looked down on the submachine gun as a weapon and thought it was a weapon for "bandits and hooligans". The German troops with a large number of automatic light weapons can't take care of themselves. Now they can't beat their faces and make them fat . Hurry up and make submachine guns. In 1940, Britain imported a large number of Thompson submachine guns produced in the United States through the "Lend-Lease Act". The cost is very expensive , and the 11.43mm caliber ammunition produced in the United States must be used , which has brought great pressure to the British logistics. After the Dunkirk retreat , the United Kingdom urgently needs a submachine gun with low cost, simple structure and excellent performance to defend the British Isles. So in 1941, the British developed the Sten submachine gun on the basis of the captured MP40 submachine gun. The Sten submachine gun fulfilled 2/3 of the demands of the British , that is, low cost and simple structure. Composed of 47 parts, most of the components are stamped, and the structure is very simple. The spring in the gun can be seen through the bolt . Correspondingly, the cost of a Sten submachine gun is only 9 US dollars , which can be called the cheapest submachine gun in Britain during World War II. A total of 3.75 million Sten submachine guns were built in China, not only equipped with the British army , but also equipped with a large number of allies , especially allies in the occupied areas . This made the Sten submachine gun a well-known weapon in World War II. As for performance , it is better than no gun. Sten submachine gun There are two fatal shortcomings that make many soldiers complain about it . The magazine and feeding device of the Sten submachine gun copied the German MP38 But it is simpler than the MP38 , so jamming often occurs . It’s okay when the two sides are far apart. When the gun jams at close range , it basically means losing your life. Secondly , the safety device of the Sten submachine gun is very unreliable. It will go off if it is slightly touched . Many Allied soldiers were accidentally injured or even killed by their own submachine guns before they reached the front line. Because they were copied from the MP40, the MP40’s shortcomings of less ammunition and low rate of fire were also perfectly inherited by the Sten submachine gun . However, compared with the jamming and misfire, these two items It is no longer an obvious disadvantage. The devastated British soldiers gave the Sten submachine gun "plumber's nightmare", "Woolworth toy gun", "stink gun" and other derogatory titles. If given a choice, they would rather use it The seized guns or Thompson submachine guns are also reluctant to use Sten . Therefore, the Sten submachine gun should be the bottom of several well-known submachine guns. Next, the favorite of American gangsters, the regular visitor in shooting games, is the Thompson submachine gun. Thompson submachine gun) The Thompson submachine gun was produced by the American Automatic Ordnance Company. It was a weapon that American police and criminals used very much in the 1930s. The rattling sound when firing is very similar to that of a typewriter, so the Thompson submachine gun is also called "Chicago typewriter" . The war was over , so the first mass-produced M1921 was promoted to the civilian market . The price was very expensive , about half a Ford car. Similar to PPSh41 Bobosha, the Thompson submachine gun has two feeding methods: magazine and drum . The 20-round magazine carries too little ammunition and the 50-round drum is too heavy . So in 1941 , the Thompson submachine gun set the 30-round square magazine as The standard Thompson submachine gun produced 1.5 million units during World War II. At the beginning of World War II, Britain and France urgently ordered the Thompson submachine gun. The extremely high melee firepower brought by the rate of fire of more than 700 per minute made the Thompson submachine gun a British commando, American paratroopers and other troops. Favorite firearm Compared with Germany's MP40, British Stern, and Soviet Union's Bobosha , the stopping power of a single bullet of the Thompson submachine gun ranks first. Hitting the torso of the human body can make people lose combat effectiveness. In terms of firepower persistence, the Thompson submachine gun and Bobo Similar to sand, better than MP40 and Sten submachine guns . In terms of reliability, the Bobosha submachine gun is second to none . Next is the Thompson submachine gun that uses magazines. However, the shortcomings of Thompson are also obvious . The Thompson submachine gun is too heavy and the body is too long. Portability and flexibility Not as good as MP40 and Stern . Thompson ’s bullets have a low initial velocity and weak penetration. The bullets can’t hit far or accurately. Often the enemy hides behind the wall , and Thompson can’t sweep them. When fighting in the jungles of Southeast Asia , Thompson’s bullets can’t even penetrate. Branches and trunks Of course, the biggest disadvantage of the Thompson is the high cost. Among all the submachine guns at the same time , the Thompson submachine gun is the most expensive. Not only the gun is expensive, but also the bullets . The Soviet Union also obtained a batch of Thompson submachine guns through the "Lend-Lease Act", but they were not widely used due to insufficient ammunition. On the whole , the Thompson submachine gun is a submachine gun with fierce firepower and high reliability , but the strike distance and strike accuracy are not as good as the MP40. The Americans later realized the defects of Thompson , so referring to the MP40 and the Sten submachine gun, they developed a submachine gun using .45 The caliber M3 submachine gun was used to replace the expensive Thompson submachine gun. The Thompson submachine gun was considered to be one of the most outstanding automatic weapons at that time , but in terms of performance and influence , it was not as good as the German MP40 and the Soviet Bobosha . Finally, let’s take a look at World War II. The Soviet Army’s Bobosha submachine gun PPSh41 Bobosha submachine gun was the most produced submachine gun in World War II. By the end of the 1940s, about 6 million pieces were produced . During the Soviet-Finnish War, Finland ’s M1931 Suomi submachine gun caused great casualties to the Soviet army. However, the Somi submachine gun has a complex process and is not suitable for mass production . Stalin ordered to design a gun with performance close to Somi but also easy to produce . In December 1940, the Soviet Defense Committee adopted the submachine gun designed by George Spakin and named it PPSh41 . The Bobosha submachine gun is the main standard weapon of the Soviet Union in World War II . Most of the parts of the Bobosha are stamped and formed from steel plates , and a large number of welding and riveting techniques are used . Except for the barrel, its main parts can be produced in places such as auto repair shops. Unskilled labor is produced with simple equipment , so the output is huge . The Bobosha submachine gun adopts the principle of open chamber standby and free bolt action. When fully automatic , the rate of fire can reach 700~900 rounds per minute. It is the fastest submachine gun in World War II. The recoil force is still low. The entire row of Soviet troops equipped with Bobosha has an incomparable firepower advantage in close combat. Bobosha can be equipped with a 32-round magazine or a 71-round drum . When equipped with a large drum, the firepower is very continuous. Strong Don’t think that Bobosha is easy to produce . It’s cheap and not good. The quality of the Bobosha made in the Soviet Union is not bad at all . The Bobosha submachine gun has a hinged receiver. The groundbreaking design endowed Bobosha with amazing ease of maintenance and durability , allowing the gun to be used in various harsh environments. On the Eastern Front, the reliability of Bobosha even surpassed the powerful firepower of the MP40 used by the German army. , Sturdy and durable This is why many German soldiers prefer the Bobosha submachine gun . The German army tried to transform it and issued a German manual on how to use the Bobosha . The main criticism of the Bobosha is its 71 rounds of large ammunition. On the drum, Bobosha ’s magazine can hold 71 rounds , but some veterans often load 65 rounds because the drum is easy to jam when the number exceeds 65. When the German army picked up the Bobosha, many Soviet soldiers would also pick up the German MP40. In addition to the high shooting accuracy, MP40 is also light and portable. After all, the Bobosha with a large drum drum weighs a full 10 kg. Not all soldiers can easily handle it. In fact, during World War II, other countries also made many. Types of submachine guns , such as Finland’s Somi submachine gun , Japan’s Type 100 submachine gun, Italy ’s Beretta M1938A submachine gun, and American M3 submachine guns, etc. However, due to production and other reasons , these submachine guns have not been installed in large quantities, and they do not have the popularity of the above four submachine guns , so we only Statistics of MP40, Sten, Thompson and Bobosha From the above introduction, we can understand that the Sten submachine gun is inferior to the MP40. At first glance, MP40 seems to be inferior to Bobosha , because MP40 is almost no match for Bobosha except for its small size, portability and high shooting accuracy. Crushing, the title of the king of submachine guns in World War II seems to belong to Bobosha , but the epoch-making significance of MP40 is incomparable to Bobosha submachine guns. It is the first submachine gun specially designed for mass production, and it is also the most balanced comprehensive ability. There are almost no submachine guns with too many shortcomings. Many submachine guns refer to the excellent design of MP40. The STG-44, which was renamed from MP43/MP44, has become the ancestor of the assault rifle . Well, the sharing of this issue is over here. I like World War II. Friends can click to follow and share more exciting content with you in the next issue . I am Schmidt and see you in the next issue