5,000 Years History of India documentary

the modern nation of India derives its English name from the Indus River in modern-day Pakistan it was around this River Valley where the oldest Indian civilization was formed - archeological records we know that they traded with the world's oldest cities in Sumeria there they witnessed the world's oldest metropolis were a labyrinth of busy cramped winding streets filled the city in a chaotic fashion they bore witness to merchants tracking their wares and the oldest of written languages fantastic marketplaces they saw the amazing benefits of the wheel in transportation construction and warfare fantastic temples skilled metal workers and mighty kings when they returned home from the long trek one thing we know definitely made an impression on them the place stank sewage ran opened onto the streets and sanitation was severely lacking by their standards then something spectacular happened they became history's first great master plumbers using the power of the Indus River they created covered sewers indoor wells in every home private restrooms and with millions of identical bricks they created spacious homes on a grid-like pattern with large ventilated granaries in every city then the population skyrocketed and in an area larger than Mesopotamia our ancient Egypt their civilization flourished with more than 2,000 cities and towns the Indus Valley Civilization became the most populous on earth their merchant fleets created a massive trade network along the Persian Gulf coast to Mesopotamia Arabia and back they would develop their own intricate and unique written language which has never been deciphered and bears no similarity to any other known written language the names of their kings gods wars great triumphs and failures and even their great cities names have faded away around 1500 BC a series of unfortunate events began that would doom this civilization first the climate many of the tributaries of the Indus River which their cities depended on drastically changed course flooding some cities and turning others into derelict tusks that slowly were covered by the sands of time and if surviving the weather was not enough then came the Aryans they too had suffered from climactic change their River Valley homes around what is today Turkmenistan had dried up in they were seeking greener pastures further large herds of cattle and horses they were among the first to domesticate the horse and use the increased mobility to transplant their people onto the iranian plateau and then they crossed the Suleiman and Hindukush mountain ranges into the Indus Valley there the vestiges of the already decimated indus valley civilization were wiped from all human knowledge or recollection until their remains were excavated in the early 20th century the Aryans founded several kingdoms along the Ganges River we know their names and mythological histories because their epics and language have survived till today and is the basis for many of today's Indian languages throughout the period known as the Vedic age these aryan kingdoms would constantly wage war on each other during this time the Hindu faith developed alongside the Mahabharata the longest poem ever written some have compared this work to the impact of the Bible Quran and the epics of Homer a social class or caste system would also develop during the Vedic age at the top were the brahmana priests below them with a high shot is the ruling warrior and kingly class then came the Visayas the skilled workers merchants and minor officials the sudras were the lowest class and consisted of an skilled workers people were expected to eat with and marry within their own caste breaking the caste systems rules and that one was a pariah or outcast or in touchable societies worse and least desirable jobs were left for this class such as street cleaning and sewage cleaning in 518 BC the Persian Achaemenid Empire's armies would cross the Hindu Kush mountains as their Aryan cousins had done a thousand years before and subjugated the myriad of principalities that dogged the Western Indus Valley in the East arose a powerful King mahapadma nanda in the region of magadha he was a son of a king but he was considered of low birth because of his mother who was of the sudras caste his rise to power was opposed by his brothers who were a full royal blood this however did not hold him back as he had them eliminated ma Padma Nanda would subjugate Kingdom after Kingdom creating a true Empire in his own name he amassed a gigantic army of over 200,000 men thousands of elephants and chariots after Mohammed banana's death his son would succeed him to the throne it was during his reign that alexander of macedon conquered documented persian empire cross a hindu kush defeated their vassals and hostile kingdoms in the region these two empires however would not last Alexander would die young and the Nanda Empire would soon be overthrown by Chandra Gupta surviving sources written long after his death very widely on whether he was born a commoner or of regal descent also whether he overthrew the Nanda Empire easily or through a long war of conquest according to one account he met Alexander the Great and started his consolidation in the Punjab region they're taking the Greek satrapies and moving eastward after his death his son maintained his empire but it would be his grandson Ashoka who would be the most famous king of the Mauryan dynasty Ashoka was violent and power-hungry as a young man and according to one source he killed 99 of his brothers to secure the throne he would expand his empire east into what is today Mayan Mar and west to the borders of modern-day Iran and into Afghanistan he would expand into the south and in the 8th year of his reign he would wage war on the small but powerful state of Kalinga their large army would not be enough to defend their kingdom and in a short war over a hundred thousand would die on both sides and then something strange happened he felt bad Ashoka converted to Buddhism and promoted peace respect and harmony within society he erected pillars stating his vision for a different type of society all over his kingdom he ruled out the rest of his 36 year reign and peace and prosperity however only 50 years after his death his empire would fragment into violent chaos once again Buddhism which was prevalent in Ashoka's rain would gradually fade away in India but thrived in the far east over the centuries many kingdoms would rise and fall in the Indian subcontinent the Gupta Empire was considered a golden age for art architecture and scholarly pursuits a nun would come close to Ashoka's until the Moghul Empire these invaders from the north were descendants of the Mongols they would propagate islam in india and rule there for almost 300 years during the reign of Akbar the Great he tripled the size and wealth of the Mughal Empire he was a vicious conquer but a just ruler he would abolish the jizya the infidel tax on non-muslims and elevated non-muslims to high civil and military positions throughout his kingdom he built libraries and schools across his realm for both Muslims and Hindus the baduk Khanna was a magnificent building that he erected as a meeting house for religious scholars from different religious groups to conduct discussions and peaceful debates on religious beliefs there could be found Muslims Hindus Jains Christians and Buddhists discussing the finer points of human existence after Akbar's death the Mughal Empire would continue to expand however over the generations the Empire gradually became less tolerant and the Empire was weakened by tension between the majority Hindu population and the Muslim ruling class also the increased complacency and corruption that the ruling class became accustomed to after so many years of prosperity made them vulnerable this was a situation that the Dutch Portuguese French and English all sought to exploit the British East India Company with their vast private armies eventually winning out taking control of southern India first and then gradually extending their influence over the whole subcontinent through extortion bribery and military engagements the Moghul Empire was finally brought to an end in the Indian rebellion of 1857 this was an insurrection against the British East India Company that functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British crown someone had the not so bright idea to issue ammunition that had been wrapped in pigs fat - the company's troops this offended both Hindus and Muslims alike and led to a series of unfortunate events that ended in the defeated rebellion and over 800,000 dead after the rebellion Britain would directly rule India in World War one over 1 million Indian troops would fight the German Empire overseas in World War two the British took volunteers and by 1945 had raised 2.5 million men the largest all-volunteer force in history after the war in 1947 India obtained its independence from Great Britain by an act of parliament the two regions with the highest density Islamic populations were partitioned off forming West and East Pakistan in the months that followed the partition approximately 15 million people migrated from their ancestral homelands to the nation whose majority share their same religion the chaotic mass migration saw ever escalating and retaliatory acts of violence committed against Hindus and Muslims alike and a series of tragic massacres over 1 million people would die during this period of resettlement tensions are still high between these two nuclear-armed neighbors India is now the world's largest democracy recently they have elected a religious minority and a member of a lower caste as prime ministers India is the third largest economy in the world and is rapidly growing and is expected to exceed China and population in the near future this has been abyme theists like and subscribe if you like the content and hit the bell I comics of the subscribe button if you would like to get updates every time I make a new video I would love to hear what you have to think down in the comments it was more than 5000 years of history in one video and I'd love to hear what you think is a an interesting part of Indian history that I did not include and if you would like to become a patron of this channel for starting at just $1 a month or for $3 a month you could be like our Berko Bala's Ivan Jodi or Morpheus and you'll get your name at the end of all my videos and you can help me so I have to pay all my bills and keep making videos where you guys thank you very much