[Biography of Zhou Yuanzhang] 04 Explanation History of the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty

In the last issue we talked about Prime Minister Boyan because of his extreme anti-Han policy Forced to rebel against Han Xiaoli Fan Meng Fan Meng then cunningly issued an edict to seize power. Killed all the imperial officials in Henan Province this matter It was simply in the face of the ambitious Emperor Yuan Shun. slapped He decided to turn the tide So he cooperated with Boyan's nephew Toto After deposing Boyan Establish Potuo as prime minister Emperor Shun's dynasty entered a new era this issue Let’s talk about the 11 years that Emperor Yuan Shun worked hard to govern. Toto is such a famous person It really doesn’t make sense if I don’t introduce it in detail. Toto Born into a noble family in Mirqib, Mongolia The anti-Han Prime Minister Bo Yan mentioned in the previous issue That's his uncle in history He is famous for his governance Many people think that Toto is a literate scholar In fact, his personal force is very strong Born with a pair of unicorn arms that can pull you Once attacked At the age of 15, he joined Emperor Tianshun's Guards. later In the palace coup where Boyan killed Yan Timur's family It was also Toto who personally led the soldiers to do this. It can be said that he has both civil and military skills. In the battle between the two capitals Tuotuo is on Emperor Tianshun's side And his uncle Boyan stood on the side of Yuan Wenzong Seeing that Emperor Tianshun is about to be defeated He decisively surrendered to Yuan Wenzong Later, Boyan became authoritarian and domineering He came together with Emperor Yuan Shun Knocked out his uncle After his uncle fell Emperor Shun promoted Toto's father again a few months passed He dislikes his father again This time Toto simply kicked his own father out of office. From then on, he became the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty. After Toto became prime minister, Things to do include the following points to restore the imperial examination: Frequent injustice, restoration of Ancestral Temple sacrifices and opening of Atletico Madrid Tax reduction, etc. These things are collectively called Toto No replacement What to say Let’s focus on Brother Toto In fact, he compiled the history books of the Song, Liao, and Jin dynasties. Planning began after Kublai Khan destroyed the Song Dynasty But all parties are concerned about the three brothers of Song, Liao and Jin. There is a lot of quarrel over who is the legitimate dynasty. Especially Han historians Determined to confront Kublai Khan It is to establish the Song Dynasty as orthodox Kublai Khan was very dissatisfied No consent This matter has been shelved for more than 50 years But Toto is different He is an action man He gave a very stupid and fair answer. The answer that can silence everyone All three brothers are considered orthodox Are you satisfied? The next drag will go smoothly Won funding for history compilation A team of editors has also been organized. He even personally joined the writing team of Song History The last two sentences in the biography of Yue Fei Wrongful is actually what he meant two and a half years later History of Song, Liao and Jin were successfully completed after writing The historian showed the manuscript to Toto Toto, however, was talking about him It's up to you scholars to write a letter of divorce. What does it have to do with me The historians looked at each other At this time, someone said, look This prime minister is a master at pretending to be confused. Call the president a scholar There are many historians There is only one CEO The CEO of Tangshu is Ouyang Xiu The CEO of Zizhi Tongjian is Sima Guang Toto is a wise man You divorced the history books But he was not allowed to sign the CEO's name Can he give you a stamp of approval? Everyone suddenly realized Shooting a big wave of rainbow farts on Mo Mo He had to sign the CEO's name Toto is overjoyed Informed Emperor Yuan Shun of the completion of the project At that time, the Yuan Dynasty was already in turmoil Historians no longer have so much energy to screen and analyze historical materials But at least a lot of historical materials have been preserved It can be regarded as a great historical achievement In the fourth year of Zhizheng period, Getting sick from overwork Resign and go into seclusion The next year, a cowherd boy in Haozhou lost his family and died. Forced to embark on the road of begging After Potuo resigned Emperor Yuan Shun began to lead the government alone Replacement of ministers compiled and revised political regulations and other laws He indeed made great efforts for the continuation of the Yuan Dynasty But these efforts It does not touch on the core land finance and ethnic issues the most important is God doesn't plan to give him any more time The Yellow River is at a loss Here is a picture for you to see The Jin and Yuan Dynasties were a typical warm period in Chinese history Very heavy rainfall This was also an important reason why the Yellow River flooded repeatedly at that time. Zhizheng four years Heavy rains hit Henan and Huaibei for 20 consecutive days Baimao Embankment located in Cao County, the center of the universe A massive massacre occurred flood Flooded Jining Road, Jinan Road, Hejian Road and other areas There is more than two feet of water on the flat ground During this period, the court left things alone As a result, Huangfan District continued to expand northward. In the eighth year of Zhizheng Floodwaters have entered the Grand Canal Heading all the way north to the Bohai Bay Emperor Shun finally couldn't sit still. Want to control the Yellow River However, many powerful ministers in the DPRK expressed their opposition. And strive to control the Tuotuo of the river But there is only one Xu Xian from the Taifu Just when he was in a dilemma Suddenly a big news came Fang Guozhen, a private salt dealer in Zhejiang, rebelled Now Let me analyze for you the dilemma faced by Emperor Yuanshun Jinan flooded The salt fields on Hejian Lianglu account for 36% of the total number in Dayuan. 1/8 of the imperial court’s fiscal revenue came from salt tax. This time the Yellow River bursts Directly reduced the imperial court's fiscal revenue by 4.5% Now floods are rushing into the Grand Canal All the way north We have also begun to inspect dozens of salt factories in the Bohai Bay. create a threat In addition, the grain output of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces accounts for 50% of the country's total. Nearly 40% of the family Almost all the food in Dadu is shipped from here. Take the Grand Canal and the sea and land Water transport transports 5 million tons per year Ocean transport transports 3 million tons per year The Grand Canal has been cut off by floods Now Fang Guozhen has rebelled again He led thousands of people to occupy the southeast coast Robbery of passing ships Even the imperial court's grain transport ships were robbed. Cut off the sea route for transporting food This is just great Breaking the Yellow River and Fang Guozhen's happiness Most of the food is out The country’s salt tax has also been cut off Emperor Yuan Shun has no way to retreat This year he has sent troops to attack Fang Guozhen Unexpectedly, he was defeated by Fang Guozhen The coach was captured alive If the Yellow River cannot be cured again, This 80-year-old store in Dayuan will have to close down. So in the ninth year of Zhizheng Emperor Yuan Shun quickly reinstated Totuo Put river management on the agenda and announce it Shangshu Chengzun talks to Tuo Tuo The Yellow Flood Area has been flooded for 7 years The people here can no longer survive long ago All we need is a leader If you build the Yellow River in the name of gather them together In case anyone with ulterior motives climbs up and shouts I'm worried that something worse than a flood will happen. Wu Zhihe cut off food and income Bankruptcy and closure will trigger civil unrest overthrown by rebels The Yuan Dynasty was only 70 years old We've actually fallen to this level. Toto listened to Cheng Zun’s words He said angrily: How dare you say that the people are going to rebel? So I wiped out Cheng Zun’s minister of the Ministry of Industry and drive him out of Dadu He also promoted Jia Lu, who dared to meet him, to be Minister of the Ministry of Industry. What is the envoy to concurrently govern? Mobilize 150,000 migrant workers from Kaifeng and Handan Mobilized 20,000 soldiers from Hefei for construction In order to prevent migrant workers from rebelling Tuotuo also came from the capital garrison A large number of white troops were mobilized The Asu people were watching them at the construction site Jarruh only took 8 months Dredged the old course of the Yellow River successively 280 More than 700 miles of embankments were built 107 large and small breaches were blocked Starting from the fourth year of Zhizheng The floods that lasted for 7 years have been lifted Grand Canal reopened The salt fields in Shandong and Bohai have also begun to operate normally. Jihe Great Achievement Announcement Although Jialu River Management was successful, But this big project Countless money and items were spent After calculation, it cost a total of 92.3 billion yuan. The issue of treasury spending Deteriorated to the point of no return Apart from the treasury deficit Another big problem is the rampant use of banknotes Dayuan’s punishment for printing Jia banknotes was more severe than Fan Siyan’s Fan Siyan at least has a conviction amount Printing armor money doesn't even touch the amount of conviction, so he beheads him Even here, there are still people who are taking risks Only Hangzhou 1st Road 88 counterfeit banknote cases were uncovered in just 4 years Later, he became the prime minister Shuo Ci Jian Just steal the hard board of banknotes and take it home from the household department. As soon as the door is closed, counterfeit money is printed. A large number of counterfeit banknotes are rampant among the people Lose the prestige of the imperial court There is a gang in Yanshan County, Shangrao, Jiangxi Counterfeit banknotes are selling well across the country South to Yunnan North to Hebei Their products are used everywhere There are more than 200 people in this group The division of labor is extremely clear Technicians print money Thugs responsible for retaliating against whistleblowers Public relations officers handle relationships The gang leader also planted a group of subordinates Working as an undercover agent in the Yamen Often the county magistrate has not seen the report letter yet He saw it first To solve the problem of deficit and counterfeit money Delay and force the issuance of new banknotes Buy old banknotes with new ones certainly Basically, we are still plundering the wealth of the people at the bottom Therefore, the public response was extremely bad The eleventh year of Zhizheng Hyperinflation occurred in society Prices have increased more than ten times in a few months The same bucket of rice One price in Hangzhou One price in Jiaxing Another price in Huzhou Dayuan's financial system has completely collapsed The new banknotes are all used by ordinary people Used to lay floors and walls There are various means of private transactions Some use new banknotes Some use old banknotes Some use counterfeit money Some use copper coins Some even barter The common people no longer take the imperial court seriously. They even sang a folk song The Prime Minister forged counterfeit banknotes Forgive a robber Jia Lu wants to open a river Disturbing the world In addition, in the process of river management Project funds and food expenses allocated by the imperial court Being exploited at every turn by local officials And the imperial court was pressing the construction deadline very hard. Migrant workers were forced to starve996 While enjoying the blessings While being punished by the overseer's stick died one after another Bodies were densely packed on the river Horrible The migrant workers finally had enough patience. They took advantage of the dark and windy night of the month A one-eyed man-eater was buried in the river. At that time, there was an unknown person Wrote a poem titled "Xiao Ling Dang Da Yuan Jian Ling" Autocratic power The root cause of banknote trouble is the red scarf Thousands of official laws are rotten Criminal law attaches great importance to people's grievances People eat people and buy money with money Have you ever seen a thief become an official? Officials become thieves and mix with strings What a pity So far, Emperor Yuan Shun has worked hard for 11 years to govern the country. Under the chain reaction caused by the Yellow River's collapse, declare failure People on the construction sites on both sides of the Yellow River roared with excitement. I'm just waiting for the great hero to raise his arms and shout