How did the country come about-Xia

hello Hello everyone, I am Jingzhe Here is Jingzhe talking about history Today we are going to talk about the first country in Chinese history summer Since it is the first country So first let’s introduce What is the concept of country Just open any search engine You can search for many answers like this We don't need to retell it I will just introduce my view on this issue. To form a country, three elements are needed: First, we need to have a rough territory you can't be here today Shooting there tomorrow Change places and wander around It would not be a country The second one is in this territory There must be a certain number of people I can’t say how many people there are To a deserted place Just declare our founding as a country This won't work either The third one is probably the most important Just have one institutions capable of effectively governing the territory and its people. We call it political power Now the government is just a form of political power Of course in ancient times There can't be such a complex government But he must be able to perform at least some basic functions For example Some work requires everyone to complete it collectively such as farming build city wall We will talk about water control later. these jobs not a certain person Or a certain tribe can complete it alone Need to have an organization Let’s complete it together What's more important is when foreigners invade Someone needs to organize everyone to fight back Even taking the initiative When institutions with such functions appear, and When recognized by the people of this territory Let’s just say that the political power has emerged. Although the country has formed three elements It is the territorial people and political power certainly Maybe just having political power is not enough for you may ask Why in older times There is no country Why did the country not appear until next year? we can imagine in primitive society What was the living state of primitive people? Primitive people lived by eating this meal A life of not knowing where your next meal will be Primitive man thought about only two things The first one is how to fill your stomach The second one is how to reproduce yourself. He has no intention I don’t have the energy to think about other issues either. so Primitive people lived their own lives There is not much contact between the various tribes From a modern perspective That is, every primitive man is in a state of poverty. but then With the advancement of technology The situation has changed Especially the emergence of agricultural economy Everyone begins to have food in their hands The landlord's family also began to have a surplus of food. This food is equivalent to people's property At this time, property appears We can assume that there are two tribes A tribe called A tribe A tribe called B Tribe A may have developed earlier People are also more industrious Reclaim a large piece of wasteland Plant food I harvested a lot of food Tribe B may have developed relatively late. People are not very diligent either Maybe there is no farming Or even if you sow the ground, there will be no harvest. at this time Tribe B discovered that Tribe A had a lot of food But he doesn’t have much food on hand Then what kind of mentality would he have? Of course It's also possible that Tribe B can't open the pot at this time. Urgent need to find some food What will he do? Then it is very likely that he will rob Tribe A Moreover, in order to prevent tribe A from retaliating, tribe B After the robbery, they will kill all the people of tribe A. Lose This was in ancient times Real and cruel cases that have happened many times At this time, everyone is in a state of anarchy that's why we say Even the worst government Better than anarchy because in anarchy The only valid law is that the weak eat the strong Law of the Jungle so By this time Everyone has a new need Just need to maintain order Such a need Need an organizational structure Able to protect one's own life and property At this time, the country came into being What I said before These are all subjective and objective reasons for the formation of the country. Then let's take a look again The technical conditions formed in this country For example, at the beginning of the invention of casting technology The original gods live in some thatched huts Dig a hole in the ground and live in it Later, in order to prevent wild beasts Just dig a trench outside Trenches protect against wild animals But you can't guard against people When everyone has a surplus of food in their hands Need to guard against people How to do it Then we need to build a wall But building a wall is not a simple matter The oldest walls are made of earth. called rammed earth To pound the soil firmly This is not an easy job Especially for ancient people How do you compact the soil? Don't let him run to the side yet This requires certain skills so Only with city walls can there be a city Only with a city can there be a country That's why can become the first country in Chinese history Because it belongs to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River A major feature here is the loess A lot of loess inexhaustible inexhaustible Easily used to build city walls one person's success It requires the right time, place and people actually a country succeeds It is also necessary to have these factors The above are all theoretical parts It's okay if you're not interested Next we will enter the historical record part We say that Xia is the first country in Chinese history first dynasty But in fact There are also records in many ancient books about a Yu Dynasty It was before Xia So what is Yu Chao? In fact, Yu Dynasty was the dynasty of Shun. Called Yu Shun Because Shun was also called the Yu clan Therefore, the dynasty that Shun lived in is called the Yu Dynasty. But why didn’t people mention Yu Chao anymore? There may be two reasons The first one is The history of the Xia Dynasty is actually a bit unclear. There is some controversy to this day As for his history, it is even less clear. The ancients may have realized this too Later I gradually stopped mentioning it. this is a reason Another, possibly more important reason That’s what we often call Huaxia Xia already represents an orthodoxy in Chinese history. Let’s just say that Chinese civilization started in Xia Then there is no need to mention any more worries. And some people think that Yu is a branch of the Dongyi tribe Dongyi We will talk about it later Since later This area of ​​the Central Plains has become the core of Chinese civilization Occupying this right to speak Naturally, everyone regarded it as orthodox There is no need to mention an unorthodox fool. This is also an important reason When we get to know Xia Pay attention to a fact The three dynasties of Xia, Shang and Zhou and subsequent dynasties starting from Qin and Han Dynasties is completely different Don't confuse them Although we can also call it Xia Dynasty or Xia Dynasty But with the later dynasties starting from Qin and Han Dynasties Not the same thing at all The three dynasties of Xia, Shang and Zhou It can be called a co-ownership type dynasty It is a dynasty with a relatively loose structure The Qin and Han dynasties were monarchical centralized dynasties. and There were great differences between the three dynasties of Xia, Shang and Zhou Because in the early stages of civilization Various systems Organizations are in an exploratory stage There is no precedent anyway Everyone is crossing the river by feeling the stones including some legislative systems They are all changing very quickly. Just like a newly born baby He's grown up a lot after you haven't seen him for a few days But what about an adult? Maybe nothing will change in a few decades If you compare history to a person Then Xia, Shang and Zhou It's equivalent to this person's infant stage alright We're officially into the part about how Corporal was built There are many legends here too Let's see what the legend says It is said that there was a great flood during the reign of Shun He first used 丨 to control floods But it’s not cured Then Shun exiled him to a place called Yushan Yushan is a very remote place 丨Die there Later, Shun also named his son Yu Note that this is Dayu He is the founder of This is when it starts to appear Shun asked Yu to continue the flood control business It is said that Yu was the emperor’s great-great-grandson Anyway, it’s recorded in the history books Basically all kings go back to It can all be traced back to the emperor After all, we are all one family actually This is an ideal that future generations have for history. For example, the Zhou Dynasty regarded the emperor as the patriarch The whole world is managed by one big family And the king behind I need to find an orthodox person for my origin. legal place So everyone took their ancestors Returned to Huangdi It doesn’t matter whether this Yellow Emperor really exists or not. Anyway, my ancestor is the Yellow Emperor Let’s take a look at Yu’s deeds again It is said that the flood control has not been cured for 9 years. Then Yu Treated for 13 years Cure this water And in the process of Yu controlling the floods, I have had the experience of being locked out of my home many times. This is a model worker from ancient times and How does rain cure water? Mainly because he took a different approach than Gun Rolling means blocking the water Want to block the water But it can't be blocked But the rain changed from blocking to dredging Dredge this water channel Finally, the flood dissipated These are all legends We say that the reality is hidden behind the legend So what is the reality? actually in ancient times There may have been some major floods Various ethnic groups have their own legends about the great flood. The most famous is the legend of Noah’s Ark So someone researched it in ancient times four to five thousand years ago Because of changes in the earth's climate around the world indeed There have been some major floods Dayu controlled floods It’s the memory of this painful experience certainly Regardless of whether there was a huge flood in ancient times Floods everywhere especially in ancient times That must be the norm For example, the Yellow River often floods why is this happening This is mainly because the Yellow River it is a turbid river The Yellow River was called the Zhuo River in ancient times It has a very high sediment content Silt is loess Silt flows down from it Then it slowly accumulates downstream Raise the river channel Then the river slowly rose above the ground become a hanging river Nature There is no water in the river will run to the side in history The lower reaches of the Yellow River have been diverted many times Every diversion results in huge disasters To know In ancient times People can only live near rivers Because whether it is domestic water or agricultural water, All need to use these river water But once the river floods So these are the people who bear the brunt of the disaster. so Ancient humans’ memories of the flood It must be very profound at that time People want to cure water, which is their ideal They need a great man like this to help them do such a thing So actually Is it possible to cure water in ancient times? It can be said For relatively large-scale floods Whether it's poison or not It’s better to lose It was impossible for ancient humans to cure it Until more modern times People still can't do anything about large-scale floods The legend of Dayu’s flood control It actually entrusts people with a beautiful imagination And if it is really nine years of flood control, Then Yu controlled floods for 13 years It’s been more than 20 years in total. It's possible that the flood will dissipate naturally. But people don't care about this Anyway, I can take credit for curing the flood. Returned to Yu We say that Yu was the founder of Xia But he is equivalent to King Wen of Zhou Cao Cao of Wei He was not the first monarch of Xia Because after Yu died He did not pass the world directly to his son Instead, it was passed to a man named Yi Then Yi gave up the throne to Yu's son Called Qi, he ran to the mountains to hide. It is said that Yu’s sons were wiser from beginning to end. Everyone in the world turns to him And this righteousness Although he was also a minister who assisted Yu But he didn't help for long The world is not convinced by him The above is recorded in historical records Let’s take a look at the bamboo chronicle records again The record here is relatively simple But there is a lot of information There are only 7 words to benefit the liver. When he started killing, he just said that he was in power by interfering. Then he killed him We want to focus on this place A topic that I have been paying attention to since the first episode of the program It's just surrender ancient times What exactly is the abdication of Especially the story of Yao, Shun and Yu’s surrender. What is the reality behind it? There are three opinions The first one is the theory of orthodox good generals It's what's recorded in historical records But about this statement Some people raised questions For example, Han Feizi’s fifth degree He said that actually when King Yao Eat whole grains I drank wild vegetable soup Live in a thatched house So he gave up the world to others Nothing to say It's not that he's particularly wise Particularly noble Just because in ancient times The so-called monarch eats worse than a pig Working harder than a donkey Get up earlier than chicken So there is nothing to fight for in this position of monarch. I can't wait to let him out. Does this statement make sense? very early on This may indeed be the case For example, primitive society Everyone is impoverished What's there to fight about? at this time Even if there really is a so-called leader That is to say, leading everyone to work You have to work too no benefit But in the era of Yao, Shun, and Yu Maybe this kind of calligraphy cannot be established. Because the country is about to be formed at this time Everyone started to have property in their hands At this time, be the monarch and the leader of the alliance There are still some benefits The second is a conspiracy to usurp the throne. For example, the records in the Bamboo Chronicles Then in another article by Han Feizi, he talks about barbarians That's what it says inside too Shun Biyao Yu Bishun told them their taboos It's all obtained through coercion. There is nothing be kind to give in This book appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period We know that in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, rituals and music collapsed. The princes fight against the emperor The doctor beats the princes The princes also attacked each other no etiquette It's good as long as it's good so we say Everyone’s thoughts will be marked by their own The mark of the times What state are you in at this time? You will also use the situation of your time to imagine other times imagine others Does this statement make sense? Is it true? we can't deny But there's no way to prove it I would also like to introduce the third statement here Let’s just say that in ancient times it was a collective recommendation system. Since these tribes want to choose a leader, It was recommended by everyone. And at this time Everyone thinks that such an approach is perfectly justified But then things slowly changed changes in circumstances Mainly because the leader's power is increasing day by day Then people's ideas began to change When such an ally his rights increased to So use strong means to keep your position No need to recommend anymore And when he realized this This recommendation system cannot be maintained. so We can compare Yao and Shun with Zen regarded as a collective recommendation process This kind of surrender It's not like they did it spontaneously But the institutional arrangement is like this They have to follow the system at that time Even if they don't want to I have to do this too But when it rains Things have changed Here we have to talk about The importance of flood control for the establishment of the Xia Dynasty Why do you say that? because Since we want to become an alliance leader recognized by everyone, must have some advantages Just like in modern democratic elections Would you choose someone you've never heard of? Generally speaking not But in this communication, it depends entirely on roaring. An era when transportation is entirely dependent on walking It's important to have a familiar face And water control actually means to unite everyone. It’s about organizing different tribes Let's do this work together Are you willing Must go everywhere Go everywhere and make friends with various tribes In such a process Dayu didn't care how much credit he had for controlling floods. At least he can look familiar And he probably brought his son Qi with him Let's do this together so Everyone recognized Yu Also recognized his son Qi at this time There may be some A tribe that is more loyal to its servants Later, he helped Yu’s son get up to inherit his position so In fact, the establishment of Xia It is the transformation from the collective recommendation system to the hereditary system. The characteristic of Xia's era is the emergence of co-lords institutional change It is no longer up to each tribe to recommend But hereditary but do this It has some benefits for the development of history The first one is that the country name will no longer change. every previous monarch Each leader He has his own national title In fact, he has his own way of doing it. These systems are not stable often changes Then came this summer His system is relatively stable There is some inheritance Next let’s take a look at the historical record After taking the throne One of the nurses was dissatisfied Was wiped out It can be said that killing a chicken to scare the monkeys Then other princes expressed their surrender one after another. Then after his death He was succeeded by his son Taikang. But Taikang, the monarch, was relatively mediocre. He spends all day thinking about how to go hunting After going on an excursion, he once went hunting He was called Hou Yi by the leader of the Qiong clan. block him Don't let him return home In the end, his government was usurped by Hou Yi. Then what Hou Yi appointed Taikang's younger brother again It’s called Zhongkang came to take over the throne But Zhongkang is actually a puppet monarch. The government was in the hands of Hou Yi After Zhongkang died He was succeeded by his son Xiang These two are puppet monarchs. But Hou Yi made the same mistake as Taikang again He also likes to hunt and play everywhere his state affairs He was also killed by a minister named Han Zhuo usurped Han Zhuo first killed Hou Yi Then Han Zhuo simply killed Xiang Ye Become a king yourself But Han Zhuo didn’t weed all the weeds? It's like a concubine ran away Another son was born called Shaokang later Shaokang, with the help of some tribesmen who finally descended Counterattack Kill Han Zhuo This story is called the Ten Kingdoms of Taikang Shao Hong Center It is a relatively important event in the history of Xia Dynasty About this legend There are two interesting points The first one is Hou Yi We all know the legend of Hou Yi There are ten suns in the sky He shot down nine But be careful This Houyi And the Hou Yi we just talked about not alone There are actually two descendants One is a descendant of mythology He lived in the era of the Five Emperors It's the descendant who shot the sun The second is the descendant of history That's what I just said This descendant who usurped the state affairs of the Xia Dynasty So why is this happening? Someone can verify it Hou Yi was the leader of the Youqiong clan The Youqiong family is a branch of the Dongyi tribe we know The name of a tribal leader may be used for many generations Then the descendants of Emperor Wu’s era and descendants of the Xia Dynasty They are the leaders of the same tribe But not alone They were two leaders from different periods. The 5G era is an era of myths and legends So what he did This is what you should do in myths and legends Then came the next generation Relatively speaking, it is a stage closer to real history. So what he does are all realistic things. This statement can be justified You can also understand more important things like this Hou Yi was the leader of one of the Dongyi tribes So What exactly is the Dongyi tribe? Dongyi In fact, it’s ancient times Tribes active in this area of ​​Shandong today Or tribe They are also one of the ancestors of Chinese civilization For example, Fuxi was a leader of the Dongyi tribe. Then why was it called Dongyi later? That's because the Central Plains tribes have the right to speak In order to facilitate the distinction We put the tribes in this area of ​​the Central Plains called Zhongyuan Group That area in Shandong is called Dongyi Group There is also a Miaoman group That's from the Yangtze River Basin because Zhongyuan Group later occupied the right to speak in history Taking China as the symbol of orthodoxy so The one to the east is called Yi Those in the south are called barbarians Of course these are derogatory terms. Chinese civilization is not limited to the Zhongyuan Group But it's in multiple places Together they formed the Chinese nation Let’s talk about Dongyi Dongyi Group and Zhongyuan Group There will inevitably be some fights Some people think Shun is actually one of the Dongyi Group And Yu is a member of the Zhongyuan Group In fact at that time Dongyi Group and Zhongyuan Group formed an alliance Let's discuss and form a system The leader of the alliance is rotated between the two groups. So after Yu The position of alliance leader should be given to the Dongyi Group again. but he didn't do that His son succeeded him by force For him to do this Dongyi Group will definitely be dissatisfied so Descendant Han Zhuo's behavior On behalf of Dongyi Group The Zhongyuan Group’s destruction of the rotating governance system to resist certainly Because Xia is relatively strong In the end, their resistance failed. And about this history It becomes a twilight zone of history For example, Sima Qian It's not written at all in historical records So we often say something History is written by the victors This sentence cannot be made absolute But many times it does hold true The last monarch of Xia Called Xia Jie This is the famous Hunjun The first famous foolish emperor in Chinese history Later Xia Jie died He is also the first template for the king of subjugation. All kinds of stupidity Kill Zhongliang anyway you know Probably just these few deeds will suffice At this time, the first woman taking the blame also appeared. It’s my beloved concubine in the next section called Moxi There are two different opinions about Mo Xi The first one is to say that he is very lewd For example, he likes to listen to Lie Zeng’s voice It's the sound of tearing silk apart Silk must have been very valuable in that era This is a blatant waste of precious national resources. It shows that he is a vain and absurd woman certainly This is a rather vulgar statement Let’s look at the second statement It's also an interesting statement This is also recorded in the Bamboo Chronicles It is said that this Moye was originally a beloved concubine in the next episode But then I got another concubine in the next episode He dotes on him again Other concubines I don’t love Mo Xie anymore. moxie was left out But he is unwilling to be lonely Just go make friends with Yi Yin Yi Yin was a subordinate of Shang Tang The most important assistant minister Moxi colludes with Yi Yin Sell ​​Xia's information to Yi Yin Later, Shang Tang killed Xia Jie Established the Shang Dynasty in this legend Moxxi becomes a spy again If we talk about silent writing Two versions are two scripts Then I definitely prefer the latter one. The story has twists and turns And unconventional at last Let's summarize The significance of Chinese civilization in the Xia Dynasty In fact, Xia represents Chinese civilization an origin of Later people said The descendants of China represent that we recognize this kind of culture Recognize this cultural tradition that has been passed down for thousands of years a symbol of our origins Of course it has a lot of positive meanings Can enhance national cohesion Improve national identity But we should pay attention to some negative and bad aspects of him Especially in the late stages For example, if you look at the history of the Qing Dynasty At that time, the West had completed the Industrial Revolution But the monarchs and ministers of the Qing Dynasty were still arrogant Consider yourself a member of the Heavenly Kingdom Don’t associate with Western barbarians For the West, whether it’s science or systems, Disdainful So what is the final reality? Just being beaten passively Losing power and humiliating the country so Everything has pros and cons We need to look at it dialectically alright That’s it for this episode If you think it inspires you Welcome to subscribe and forward Thanks for watching See you next time