【謝田時間】電子計算機從樓房大小到可以放到桌面上用了幾十年，量子計算機可能用不了那麼久？ 人類進入量子世界？

Hello, Professor Xie. Hello, everyone. There is a recent report that the quantum computer in the United States may have achieved a major breakthrough in the revolution. First of all, please introduce the characteristics of this quantum computer. First of all, let me make it clear that I am not a quantum computer expert. I am also learning this thing because it seems very important. What I see now is the so-called quantum computer. It is a computer that uses quantum logic to do general calculations. And now we know that the common computer we use is an electronic computer. It is a computer that uses an electronic semiconductor to build a computer. It uses the zero and one of the circuit as a basis for calculation. And this electronic quantum computer uses this quantum logic. The quantum logic is now related to its processing. Because we know that this quantum is actually very unstable. It follows some quantum mechanics. But it is difficult to capture, difficult to process, and difficult to control. But now when research is being done in various countries, it is used to store the quantum state as a memory unit and information. Because it can use its size to reduce the size of the computer's operation to the quantum and molecular level. So it will be very small. But there is a problem now. The object of quantum computers that are different from traditional electronic computers is quantum bit. But this quantum computer still has some of its own. Now there are still some. The general public is still at the stage of research. For example, sometimes some developers, countries, companies, and institutions say that our quantum computer is omnipotent. The speed will be hundreds of millions of times faster than a normal computer. But this has not yet been confirmed. Because sometimes it proposes some problems that need to be solved. Let's look at the computer. For example, we now have ordinary computers and super computers, right? What is the use of a super computer? For example, to simulate nuclear weapons, or to forecast weather forecasts, the long-term weather forecast of the world, a lot of data can be done with a super computer. General computers can't do it. But if you want to solve a general problem, a general computer can do it very quickly. A super computer seems unnecessary. It's like a bubble hitting a mosquito. This is also the problem with quantum computers and modern computers. You have to look at what kind of problem you have. If this problem has a separate algorithm for a quantum computer, it will be a big problem. But because traditional computers can't do it, quantum computers can reach unprecedented speeds. It can be customized. But if there is no algorithm for quantum computers, it seems that there is basically no difference between quantum computers and traditional computers. Sometimes even traditional computers may be better. I read an article about the development of quantum computers. It is said that human civilization may be at the forefront of a big breakthrough. What do you think of this comment? This is possible. We know that when Carnegie Mellon University made the first computer, the room was very big. But people didn't expect that the computer could be so small. Everyone has a computer on their desk. Everyone has a computer on their cell phone. So it will bring a breakthrough in the level of human productivity. This is possible. If this quantum computer, now it seems that this quantum computer, basically we can be sure that there is a CEO of Google. He said it very well. They have achieved this achievement now. It's like the Wright brothers. The Wright brothers tested the plane. Does the plane have any practical effect? The double-winged plane of the Wright computer in the past. It can only carry one person. It can't fly far. So there is no practical meaning. If you want to use it for transportation, it is not as good as the carriage at that time. But he confirmed one thing. It is possible for humans to fly. It is very possible. It laid the foundation for the development of aircraft, various types of aircraft, and aviation in the future. This quantum computer, I think it is now in this place. It is like the Byplane, the Wright brothers' plane. It proves that quantum computing is possible. But it needs a huge device. For example, it needs a huge machine to cool down. It must be close to zero. The device for cooling down is so big. It is difficult to commercialize it. It can only carry one person. It is far from that. But there is one thing. I think so. The current technology of humans, including atomic bombs, nuclear weapons, and the latest AI technology, artificial intelligence technology, have actually brought humans to a dangerous frontier. We say that nuclear weapons can destroy. The nuclear weapons of the United States and Russia can destroy the world about 10,000 to 30,000 times. But now, AI or artificial intelligence, whether it is the U.S. or Russia, or China, they are all actively developing. We say that artificial intelligence will indeed bring greater breakthroughs. But if it is combined with weapons, combined with robots, what kind of destructive power will it produce? In fact, we don't even know how much destructive power humans will have. We simply don't know what we are doing. So this kind of technology, this kind of development, in fact, I think, also includes, for example, the mutants, genetic engineering, which leads to mutations. These things involve a lot of moral issues. Right? So modern technology has brought people to a very dangerous point. To a very dangerous point, for example, it is inevitable. Maybe it can't go on anymore. Maybe even God won't let it go on. Because if it goes on, people will be destroyed by it. So the quantum computer, if it can really succeed, it may be able to bring the performance of computing to humans. The ability of the computer is equivalent to the current computer compared to the original calculator and computer. It is very likely that it will cause greater harm to humans. So I think it may not necessarily be able to, that is, if people want to make a breakthrough, it may not necessarily be able to make a breakthrough. I read in the report that the quantum computer is out of date. You just said that it's just in the middle of an experiment. It may not take that long. For example, it is said that the quantum computer is from the size of the building. You just said that it is now placed on the desktop. It used to take decades. This is possible. Now you see, I see that the fastest development of the quantum computer is in the past, which is 10 years. 10 years. In 2013, a company called D-Wave System and NASA's Google jointly ordered NASA, the U.S. Aviation Administration and Google jointly ordered a quantum computer from D-Wave System. It can perform some specific calculations that are 100 million times faster than traditional computers. But when it solves the problem of the same calculation, it loses to traditional computers. So this is 10 years ago. But in the past 10 years, for example, countries have been using the so-called human computing computing power. For example, what is this four-quantum-bit electrical circuit? Or 10-bit super-quantum circuit? Or 50-quantum-bit? Basically, it's a debate here. The CCP is also China is also joining this debate. China may have a 10-bit super-quantum in 2017. Now the United States in 2017 the United States has a 51-quantum-bit. Now the latest one seems to be in May, a company released a 100-quantum-bit. The speed we see is getting faster and faster. But as I just said, one is the application. In terms of application, it hasn't caught up yet. There is also a whole miniaturization and massification. There is still a long way to go. The most important thing I think is if this thing can go on. From the perspective of philosophy or the threat to humanity, it may not necessarily be able to go on. Just from this report, what impact will quantum computers have on other electronic products? If it develops like this. Other electronic products will not be electronic products in the future. In the future, quantum computers will be quantum products in terms of operation. That means it will bring all kinds of things. For example, there is almost nothing that we use around us. There is no computer. Usually we have a simple electronic computer in the rice cooker. There is also a computer in the latest refrigerator. The computer in our mobile phone is far more capable than the earliest one. I remember the first computer I bought in the United States was probably many friends don't know. I haven't heard of it. It's called 80286. Those who know will know. We had an 80286 at the time. Then we had 80386, 486, Pentium. We've come this far. There have been dozens of generations of different computers. There will be this kind of development. The development of computers is quite fast. The impact it brings we also see that it has already reached all of our entire human society. From houses, to smart houses, which is computer-controlled. Cars, automobiles, are also computer-controlled. Then, in the medical center, all other office supplies, all of these computers are all electronic. We are now in the electronic era because of electronic computers. But if it comes to the quantum era, all things will become quantum. That is to say, faster, stronger, faster. There will be more computing power. That is the world of quantum products. As you just said, can it develop to that level? Because the human society is in control. It's just a human wish. Yes. If you look at the ancient technology, you will know if you look at the archaeological discoveries. We have discovered that in South Africa, Africa, there is this oil mine in Jaffa. It was also made by humans. In fact, electronic computers or rocket engines, these things we see in archaeological documents. Those civilizations actually reached a fairly high level of science and technology at that time. But these civilizations were destroyed later. So we should also consider whether our civilization has reached the point where we may destroy ourselves in the end. This is my guess.