The Xia Dynasty existed for 400 years, but why couldn’t it be excavated? Archeology shows. Dayu's fl

before reading this article We sincerely invite you to click and follow It is convenient for you to discuss and share Give you a different sense of participation thank you for your support Yin Yan believes that when we were young, They must all have memorized the order of dynasties in Chinese history. Among them, the first one is Xia The Xia Dynasty is also recognized as It is the first dynasty in Chinese history Founded by Xia Dynasty The story of Dayu’s flood control is even more well-known But now our country’s archaeological discoveries there is not enough evidence Prove that the Xia Dynasty really existed Especially in the cultural relics of the Shang Dynasty No records about the Xia Dynasty have been found. Therefore some people think The Xia Dynasty may only exist in legends It’s not a real dynasty The Shang Dynasty was the first dynasty in China So what is the truth of the matter? Portrait of Dayu's Flood Control 1 Why is it so difficult to find traces of the Xia Dynasty in oracle bone inscriptions? The reason why people today do not recognize the existence of the Xia Dynasty the most important reason I just couldn’t find any cultural relics from Xia Dynasty history. In the oracle bone inscriptions unearthed from the Yin Ruins in Anyang, Clearly records the historical relics of the Shang Dynasty This is also consistent with the records in historical records Therefore, no one doubts the existence of the Shang Dynasty anymore Someone expressed this The reason why it is impossible to find cultural relics recording the history of the Xia Dynasty It is probably because the Xia Dynasty did not have its own writing But according to historical records The Xia Dynasty should have already had its own writing Photos of oracle bone inscriptions from the Shang Dynasty handed down and The oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty are a very mature script. To know The evolution of writing takes a long time So even if the Xia Dynasty There is no writing as mature as Oracle It must also have its own text To know It is very difficult to preserve book cultural relics Therefore, we cannot find any text with text from the Xia Dynasty. Cultural relics are very normal But what puzzles archaeologists is that They are obviously two neighboring dynasties. Why is it in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty? I have never seen any records about the Xia Dynasty We can currently check the imaginary Xia Dynasty Records about the Xia Dynasty It can be seen as early as in Yu Xia Shu This is actually Yu Shu and Xia Shu The collective name of two lost ancient books these two books Most of the content has been lost before the Western Zhou Dynasty The remaining parts were compiled into Shangshu Photos of Yu Xia Shu are in this part of the content Mentioned how Yu the Great established the Xia Dynasty And the story of Shang Tang’s destruction of Xia However, because this part of the content is incomplete Moreover, the now popular Shangshu Many contents were forged by descendants during the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Therefore, this kind of record cannot prove the existence of the Xia Dynasty But in 2008 Archaeologists examine a batch of bamboo slips from the Warring States Period Discovered the contents of Shangshu One sentence caught their attention That's Baixi You can make some guesses It should be a political power located in the western Shang Dynasty Archaeologists then followed the clues Multiple references to lizards found in oracle bones As can be seen At that time, in the West under commercial rule There is another regime And this regime is probably the Xia Dynasty Historical photos and The name Xia Dynasty In fact, it was determined starting from the Historical Records The reason why Sima Qian brought the regime established by Dayu called summer Maybe it’s because Dayu’s mother Xia Houshi This regime may not have been called this name before. therefore There is no record about the Xia Dynasty in the Oracle Bone Inscriptions It's also a natural thing After all, even if there are relevant records in oracle bones, We may not be able to recognize Xia Chaolai either This cannot be used as an argument to deny the existence of the Xia Dynasty The picture and text have nothing to do with each other. Old man Gu Xi found Xia Xuzong Although the contract is recorded in ancient books or oracle bone inscriptions, It is impossible to prove that the Xia Dynasty really existed But countless archaeologists have not given up searching for the Xia Dynasty In fact, he wanted to prove the existence of the Xia Dynasty The simplest way Just find the ruins from the Xia Dynasty This is also the strongest evidence Photo of Xu Xusheng in 1959 71-year-old historian Xu Xusheng Came to the Heluo area of ​​Henan Province The purpose is to find the ruins left by the Xia Dynasty And the reason why he chose this place Just because in Mandarin There is a record of King Irodersha When Xu Xusheng was studying Chinese history, I have always been curious about whether the Xia Dynasty really existed There are many records of the history of the Xia Dynasty in the Historical Records But apart from a few words in the book, There is nothing to prove the existence of the Xia Dynasty Historical records Xu Xushen firmly believed A dynasty that has been passed down for hundreds of years It's impossible to disappear into thin air He will definitely leave his own traces He also hopes that through his own efforts Prove the existence of Xia Dynasty It is also driven by this belief that He came to Henan Go find the mysterious Xia Xu Erlitou ruins photo day He brought his assistant Arrive at Erlitou Village in Yanshi County They stood on the edge of a farmland and observed the terrain. At this time, a farmer nearby Thought they lost something Then he came forward and asked Xu Xusheng said I came here this time to look for traces of the Xia Dynasty. See if you can find some ancient artifacts Unexpectedly, the peasants expressed disapproval after hearing this Cultural relics are not a rare thing You can often find pottery fragments in the fields here. Xu Xusheng heard what the farmers said Get excited immediately Ask the farmer to take him to see what the pottery pieces look like Later, under the leadership of farmers He pooped a few times in the field Many pottery fragments were found He also found a complete pottery vessel Photos of Erlitou Ruins His first time I contacted the Institute of Archeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Luoyang workstation Let them send people to Erlitou Village to inspect This time they were guided by the villagers Came to the side of a newly dug pond The walls of the pond are covered with pottery fragments This scene made everyone present realize The ruins of the Xia Dynasty that have been searched for many years may be just around the corner in the subsequent period Archaeologists inspect Erlitou Village and a comprehensive inspection of surrounding areas Finally they concluded that there was an ancient city ruins here And it was probably the capital of a dynasty Erlitou Ruins Photos of unearthed pottery, a major discovery It also attracted great attention from the country subsequently Send a large number of archaeologists to Erlitou Village Carry out excavation work As the excavation work proceeds This ancient city that has been dusty for thousands of years has been rediscovered But the Erlitou ruins bring surprises to people It's far more than that During the subsequent excavation process of more than 50 years, Archaeologists have made many new discoveries here Erlitou Ruins 3 unveils the mystery of Xia Dynasty During the excavation of the Erlitou site Archaeologists are surrounding the area one after another Erlitou No. 1 was discovered And the foundation site of Palace No. 2 their shape and size Very similar to the Forbidden City in Beijing This also gave archaeologists further confidence that This is where the royal capital of a country is located At the Erlitou ruins The ruins of previous capital cities were all adapted to local conditions. But the discovery of the palace foundation Prove that there is planning here This also overturns the previous assumptions made by many foreign scholars Erlitou Ruins It’s just a comment about a chaotic sacrificial center. of great significance Photos of Erlitou ruins in addition Archaeologists also discovered road ruins This is also the earliest road site in China The roads in the city are 20 meters wide at their widest point And the layout of the roads is also very regular. archaeologists here We even discovered the existence of a crossroads The discovery of the Erlitou road ruins is very dramatic then A farmer complained that the harvest from his field was not good Experienced archaeologists realize This is most likely due to the fact that beneath the fields There is the presence of rammed earth Affect water seepage Then they also went under that farmland Found the road ruins and along the direction of the road Gradually the entire road network was dug out Erlitou ruins road remains Except for the road ruins Archaeologists are still working around the Erlitou site More than 400 tombs discovered Such a large number of tombs Plus the size of the road ruins It is not difficult to infer that this city is very prosperous capital of general government It is difficult to have a royal city of this size Many people also began to speculate This is the location of the capital of Xia Dynasty In addition, during the excavation of the Erlitou site Archaeologists discovered The ruins of a pottery and bronze shuttle workshop It can be inferred from this people at that time Already had the technology to make pottery and bronze ware Subsequently unearthed pottery and bronze vessels It also proves this The Rudingwen bronze fern unearthed in Erlitou is here Archaeologists unearthed a large number of bronze drinking vessels Some bronze musical instruments were also found This is enough to prove that at that time Ritual and music culture has spread in the Central Plains And it has a relatively important position It can be seen that the culture here has also developed greatly. Later, scientific researchers adopted the probe 14 detection technology Deducing the date of the Erlitou site From 2000 B.C. to 1500 B.C. And this era It happens to belong to the late Xia Dynasty to the early Shang Dynasty This happens to be ancient The existence of the Xia Dynasty in the records Photos of the cultural relics unearthed from the Erlitou site Although the age of the Erlitou site is consistent with that of the next generation The scale is also in line with the standards of a national capital But because of the history of the early Shang Dynasty Still can’t be counted as surnamed Shi therefore The possibility that it belongs to the early Shang Dynasty cannot be ruled out. Rigorous archaeologists have not yet concluded that The Erlitou ruins were the capital of the Xia Dynasty Nowadays, with the deepening of the research on Erlitou culture, More and more scholars believe that This is the capital of Xia Wen Dynasty This has basically become the consensus of the archaeological community And even though there is no direct evidence yet The Erlitou site is directly related to the Xia Dynasty But it is enough to prove that in 2000 B.C. State power has emerged in the Central Plains region This fills the gap in our country's history Therefore, many people are willing to transfer the Erlitou ruins to called the earliest china Restoration map of Erlitou ruins through Erlitou ruins We can owe a debt to the early Shang Dynasty And the appearance of Central Plains culture in an earlier period The mysterious Xia Dynasty He also unveiled his own veil little by little. But now There are still many questions that plague archaeological researchers four lost time In the process of researching the Erlitou ruins What puzzles researchers the most is that Although the Erlitou ruins are older than the Shang Dynasty, But his existence is not long enough Totally inconsistent with historical records The Xia Dynasty lasted 400 years Now researchers divide the Erlitou site into three phases But the ruins of the first phase Not enough to be called a capital city actually That is a group of ruins formed by a large settlement. Starting from the second period The city of Erlitou has just begun to become reborn. At this time, the city's planning was basically completed. The capital is divided into several functional areas domain simultaneously The road network has also initially taken shape Restoration map of the Erlitou ruins palace is in the third phase Erlitou culture becomes more and more prosperous There are far fewer traces of daily life in the palace. Researchers infer At this time, the functionality of the palace changed The concept of imperial court It was probably formed from this time Starting from the second period The size of Erlitou city Can meet the standards of a country’s capital city But These two periods combined are only about 200 years. That is, half the length of Xia Dynasty And according to archaeological research Dayu's flood control was real Because at many sites in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River You can see the traces of flood erosion It can be concluded that around 1900 BC There was a massive flood Photos of Dayu's flood control at the same time With the discovery of Taosi ruins Archaeologists can basically conclude that The underground kiln is also real its life time Most likely around 2000 B.C. this time It also coincides with the time of the great flood. From this it can be basically concluded that Dayu controlled floods around 1900 BC and became the leader of the tribe But this time does not match the Erlitou site. Because if you don’t count the 172litou ruins, Erlitou ruins time Dating back to 1780 B.C. In other words, it has disappeared for more than 100 years. This puzzles many people According to the time when Dayu lived Researchers infer Early Xia Dynasty It should be close to the time of Longshan Culture in Central Plains Moreover, in the ruins of Dengfeng royal ministers in Henan, Discovered the Warring States Tao Wen by Yang Cheng This is in line with the statement in ancient books that Yu made his capital Yangcheng Therefore, in the early days of the Xia Dynasty Erlitou may not be the location of the capital of the dynasty Longshan culture jade picture additionally At the Erlitou ruins middle There are also many items with Longshan cultural elements Funeral customs unearthed in Erlitou It is also similar to the Longshan Culture of the Central Plains can be inferred Erlitou Culture It was probably formed after the Longshan Culture moved westward. But now there is no obvious evidence that Erlitou was migrated from Longshan Culture This argument is untenable Combining the above archaeological discoveries The latest conclusion is At the beginning of the Xia Dynasty It is not a regime with centralized royal power. Rather, multiple tribes came together 2 is the core area of ​​many tribes In other words, Dayu established a multi-department system to control floods. That’s it for today’s program If you like our show Welcome to click on the lower right corner to subscribe and collect so you don’t get lost.