Lớp 9| Ngữ văn |Cách làm bài văn nghị luận về tác phẩm | Lớp học không khoảng cách | HOCMAI - VTC

In the previous lesson, the teacher and I learned about the characteristics of the literary style of a story or play, and the teacher said that today, the next day, the teacher will learn more about the steps and methods of this type of play. Today, we meet again to find out the specifics of the literary style of a play or a story. Specifically, we will look at the specific content of the play. Like the way of writing a literary style about the reality of life or a theory, we will analyze the content of today's lesson into two parts. First of all, we have to find out the characteristics of the themes of a play or a story. Then we have to find out the specific steps for us to write a play. First of all, we have to find out the themes of a play or a story. Let's look at some example themes. For example, we have four themes here. We have four themes, which are the themes of a play or a story. And the teacher asked us about the themes. The above questions raised the issues that need to be discussed about the play. We have to identify the issues that need to be discussed. The issues that need to be discussed are not only the themes of a play or a story, but we also have to identify the issues that the teacher asked us to discuss about the play or a story. Issues related to the content of the play or the artistic characteristics of the play. Let's look at the first question. Think about the role of women in the old society through the character Vu Nuong in the story of Nguyen Duu's Nam Xuong. At this point, the question that needs to be discussed is a question related to the characteristics of the main character of the play. Let's analyze the character of Vu Nuong in the story of Nguyen Duu's Nam Xuong to illustrate the role of women in the old society. The second question. Analyze the plot of the short story of Kim Lan. If the first question asks us about the important factors of the play as a character, the second question asks us about the other factors, namely the plot of the short story of Kim Lan. The third question. Think about the role of Thuy Kieu in the play of Nguyen Duu's Ma Zam Sinh Mua Kieu. At this point, we are asked to analyze the character of Thuy Kieu. But I note that at this point, we don't have to analyze the character of Thuy Kieu in the plot of Nguyen Duu's Ma Zam Sinh Mua Kieu. Specifically, the plot of Ma Zam Sinh Mua Kieu in a short story. Right? The fourth question. Think about the life of family love in the war through the short story of Nguyen Quang Sang. At this point, the question does not ask us to analyze a specific character. Or ask us to analyze the plot of the work. But ask us to analyze a problem related to the theme of the idea of the work. A problem related to the theme of the idea of the work. The work here is the short story of Nguyen Duu's Nam Xuong. So we have four stories and we have identified the issues that need to be discussed. The issues that need to be discussed here may be the characters. It could be the plot. Or it could be the theme of the idea. A theme of the idea in the context of the themes of the idea of a short story. In these four questions, there are no questions that ask us to analyze the characteristics of art. The questions that ask us to analyze the characteristics of art are difficult questions. These are high-level questions. Because it is not easy to recognize and analyze the artistic characteristics of a short story. Usually, these are additional requirements when we analyze the elements of the content. For example, when analyzing a character, we have to analyze the art of building, describing the character, describing the character's psychology. When analyzing a story, we have to analyze the art of storytelling, the art of creating images, situations, etc. When analyzing the theme of the idea of the work, of course, we must include the common artistic characteristics of the whole work. I notice that. So we can draw the first conclusion. The themes in the discussion of a short story can be very diverse. It can be a discussion of a content issue. It can also be a discussion of an artistic form of the work. It can be a discussion of a content issue or an artistic form of the work. Second, let's make another comment. Themes 1, 2, and 4 all require us to analyze the whole picture. They all require us to discuss the whole picture of the work. Theme 3 only requires us to discuss a paragraph. So the scope of discussion may be the whole work, or it may just be a paragraph in that work. Do you understand? Second, question number 2 of the teacher. Let's go here. Question number 2 of the teacher. The words like thinking, analyzing in the theme, how do they differ from each other? We see that in terms of form, in terms of the content of the theme, we have to determine the issue that needs to be discussed. In terms of form, we see that there are two types of themes. The first type is a theme that directly addresses the issue that needs to be discussed without any instructions or commands for us to do. Such a theme is called an open theme. All four themes of our teacher are themes that have commands, not open themes. For example, an open theme is like this. For example, theme number 4, thinking about the life of family love in the war through the story of Nguyen Quang Sang. We can have an open theme by omitting the initial command. The theme is family love through the war, family love in the war through the story of Nguyen Quang Sang. The theme is just like that. This is an open theme when there is no command in front of it. We are not provided with words to illustrate the theoretical operations that we need to do. Such themes are called open themes. These are themes that directly address the issue of theory without any command in front of it. The second type of theme, besides the issue that needs to be discussed, there is an additional command. This command can be placed in front. For example, thinking about the life of family love, thinking about the identity of Thuy Kieu, analyzing the story, such as thinking, analyzing, etc. or feeling, etc. These are the commands. Those commands are placed in front of the issue that needs to be discussed. After the thinking, analyzing, feeling, it is the issue that needs to be discussed. There are also issues that need to be discussed first, then come to the next command. For example, giving a certain opinion. For example, stating that the story of Nguyen Quang Sang has shown the life of family love in the years of war. That's all. Through the analysis of the work, you should raise your thoughts about the above statement. Right? You should raise your thoughts about the above statement and analyze the work to convince the reader and listener to agree with your point of view. For example, at that time, the issue was raised in the front, and the command was raised in the back. Determining the command and the issue is not difficult because the command usually starts with the words raised clearly, the actions, the actions, the arguments that we need to do. For example, have to think, have to analyze, have to prove, have to discuss, have to feel. These are different ways of acting. However, with these different ways of acting, it is almost the same as what we do with the request of a discussion about a story in the show. Thinking, analyzing, proving, discussing, feeling, we do the same. How specific? Here, the teacher asked us if the topic is analyzing and thinking, what is the difference? Actually, there are some differences between the specific requirements of each topic. If it is thinking, we have to raise the point of view of our thinking, of our evaluation about the issue that needs to be discussed, then based on actions such as analyzing, proving, to make our thoughts clearer. However, if we need to analyze, we have to start by analyzing the work and then finally give the thoughts, evaluations, personal feelings about the issue mentioned in the essay about the issue that needs to be discussed. It's a bit different. But basically, when we accept an essay about a story, if the topic requires the words that start with the command such as thinking, analyzing, proving, discussing, feeling, etc., we usually do the same, do the same in those topics. Of course, there are differences. Thinking has to raise the point of view of our thinking first, then analyze. Analyzing means starting by analyzing the elements of the work, then giving the words of evaluation. Proving means giving the topic that needs to be proved, then pointing out the proofs, reasoning to convince people to agree. Discussing means giving the opinion of evaluation, then finally analyzing, proving to convince people to agree with our opinion. And feeling is after we analyze and prove, we raise the feeling, the thought, the evaluation of the subject. Actually, there are not many differences. It doesn't affect much when we write the essay, arrange the ideas in the essay. We have the form of acceptance of the topic like that so that we are not confused when we encounter problems with different forms of expression. Got it? So, the first part helps us clearly understand the topic of an essay about a work. When we discover the topic, we need to discover what elements, what form of acceptance of the topic, we have all understood. After that, let's go to the second part. We go to learn about the steps to make an essay about a work or an essay. Let's go to the second part, the steps to make an essay about a work. Or how to make an essay about a story or an essay. So, our steps are no different. How to make the steps of other types of essays starts right away. The first part, we have to find the topic. In finding the topic, we have to determine the issue that needs to be discussed. What is the issue that needs to be discussed? Is it related to the content or is it related to the artistic aspect of the work? If it is related to the content, then what is the specific aspect? What is the specific issue? Is it a character, a story, a topic, an idea or is it a story or something else? What is art? We have to be very specific. In addition to determining art, the issue that needs to be discussed, we have to determine the requirements. The first important requirement we have to pay attention to is the scope of evidence. The scope of evidence. Here, we are asked to analyze about a work or even many works. We may be asked to analyze a comparative summary of one issue of two or three works in the same period or the same topic or even only one paragraph. We need to be very clear about the scope of evidence so that we can write the right essay without being confused and deviating from the scope of the request. In addition to the scope of evidence, we also have to determine the form, the volume, and other requirements. The form can be an essay, or a paragraph. The paragraph can be of different types. The format may be a summary, a summary, a summary, a summary, or a summary. The volume may be at different lengths. Other requirements may be the requirements of the article related to our examination in the ability to use the language, using the elements in the Vietnamese language that we have learned. These are the things we need to pay attention to before we start writing the essay. Right? The requirements of the article are usually very important and if we don't pay attention to them, we will lose points. After looking for the topic, we come to the second step. We look for an idea and form an opinion. Form an opinion. The opinion of an essay about a story is not much different from the structure of a general essay. The first part is the opening. There are many different ways to approach the opening of a story. There are two ways to open it. There are two main ways to open it. The first way is to open it directly and the second way is to open it indirectly. You have learned that in the previous lessons. However, in the framework of the exam, we want to have a point right at the opening, so we have to put the opening right into the system of ideas in the teacher's expected answer. So, what points should we introduce in the opening? We need to be able to say, introduce, three elements. First, we have to introduce the author, second, we have to introduce the issue that needs to be analyzed, that needs to be discussed. The issue that needs to be discussed is a very important element. We can say clearly our approach to the issue. For example, about the character Vu Nuong in The Story of a Boy and a Girl, we can say clearly that this is a character with many beautiful features, many beautiful qualities, but at the same time, it is also a character with a fate for the beauty of women in the old feudal society. For example, when we talk about the issue that needs to be discussed, we are also allowed to introduce our approach to evaluate that issue, that subject. That is the opening part. There are many ways to put it differently, but these are the information we need to have in the opening. Need to have and should have in the opening. Second, the body of the article. The body of the article is completely important. What is this issue? Generally speaking, the body of the article will display the features, the unique features of the subject that needs discussion. will show the features of the subject that needs discussion. In addition to displaying the characteristics of the subject that needs discussion, our attitudes and feelings towards those characteristics. At the same time, we should also clarify the point of view, the way we evaluate our feelings and attitudes towards those characteristics. If the point of view, the subjective attitude of the writer towards the characteristics of the object that needs to be discussed is shown in the essay, is that okay? Of course, in the process of displaying the characteristics of the object, in addition to highlighting the key characteristics, we have to provide specific evidences taken from the scope of evidences that we are asked to provide to highlight those characteristics, to convince the reader and listener to agree with the characteristics that we have discovered about the object, about the issue that needs to be discussed, right? In this part, I would like to point out that when we display in the essay, even if the essay asks us to discuss a content issue, we should always remember that a literary work is directed to the reader and listener, not only in its persuasion, not only in its deep, unique, new and attractive content, but also in its artistic form to convey that content. So a literary work, even if it asks about a content issue, we should always have a combination of content and art. Note that the essay always has a combination of content and art. We can write separately. For example, we can point out the characteristics of the content of the object. Then we go to point out the special artistic characteristics of the work, of the essay, to show the content that we just talked about. Or we can combine. We just pointed out the artistic characteristics, while emphasizing the meaning of the content is highlighted from those artistic characteristics to highlight the issue that needs to be discussed. We can write separately. After the content, we talk about the art. Or when analyzing each characteristic of the content, we go from the art to the content, that is, we have to point out the artistic form and then we have to be able to say what the artistic form represents. Those are two different ways of presentation. The first way is easier. It distinguishes the content from the art so that we can say each part and idea very clearly. But the second way is more correct and more in line with the creative law, the acceptance law. That is, we have to accept from each layer of the word, then we can discover the content of the work. Always remember. For example, the essay asks about a content issue. For example, ask about the image of the second character, the second character, the center of a short story, for example. This is a content issue. Ask about the character. But when we ask about the content, we point out the content characteristics of the object. Besides that, we have to talk about artistic characteristics, that is, the artist's artistic construction. For example. Always remember that the content and the art go together. The topic does not explicitly ask about the artistic characteristics, but when analyzing the artistic characteristics, we remember to add the artistic characteristics of the work of the author. Remember this. If not, we will lose points. Because in the answer of the teacher, there is always content and art. Remember? After we finish writing the essay, it's time for the conclusion. The conclusion is when we will give definitions, general assessments, about the object that needs to be discussed. It could be a character. It could be a unique or attractive story. It could be a new or profound theme of thought. It could be a feature of some art that brings a unique influence of the style of the author. It could be a feature of the style of the author that brings a unique influence of the style of the author. We have to evaluate the success of the author in a specific field, in a specific issue of public opinion, about the content, or about the successful art, or about the contribution, or about the unique and attractive points of the issue of public opinion to the reader and listener. Okay? We evaluate the conclusion like that. That is the general assessment of the style of public opinion about a story, or a paragraph in that story. Okay? The first step is to find the topic. The second step is to make the argument. The third step is to write the article. And the fourth step is to read, analyze and correct the mistakes. You are very familiar with those steps. I would like to ask you not to write them down here. We all know that. After that, you can apply the argument in the steps of writing this article to analyze a specific story. We can come up with an example. If you are in the library, we have an example. For example, you asked for this article. Thinking about Mr. Hai's character in Kim Lan's short story. We have the article Thinking about Mr. Hai's character in Kim Lan's short story. After reading the article, we immediately find out that our issue of public opinion is that we have to analyze the character. Our character is Mr. Hai, the central character of the work. The scope of the examination here is a short story. It means that we examine the whole work, not a paragraph or many works with the same topic. So we have determined the topic of the article. Write an article about your thoughts about a central character of a short story. So let's start the presentation with the parts in the article. First, we make an assumption. Open the article. We have to introduce. In the article, there must be information about the author, Kim Lan. When introducing an author, usually there are many people who are eager to introduce very complete information about the author. Such as his real name, date of birth, year of birth, hometown, etc. In my opinion, that's right, not wrong. But it will make your article long. And it's very difficult to get into the topic and confuse your article. In my opinion, when introducing an author, we have to choose to introduce very distinctive features of the author. So the most typical feature of an author is his artistic style. Right? So when introducing an author, we should introduce his position in the history of literature or artistic style or some special features related to his personality and his life related to the issue that we need to discuss. And usually, we will introduce his artistic style or his position in the history of literature, his position in the field of literature so that people can clearly imagine Kim Lan in the golden face of another literature of Vietnamese literature. Right? Introducing an author, then introducing a work, introducing a short story. Introducing a work, what do we introduce? Usually, we will introduce the main content, the central theme of the whole work. The short story has shown what? the profound change in the awareness, in the feelings of farmers in the early years of the war. There. After introducing an author, introducing a work, we will introduce the issue that we need to discuss. Here, we will introduce Mr. Hai. Mr. Hai, the central character of the short story has shown the most vivid image for the farmers in the early months of the war against France. Right? He is also a successful character in the art of describing characters to the typical level of Van Kim Lan, a prominent character in the faces of characters appearing in Van Chuong's works in the period of the war. Right? We can talk about the character in describing the content of the work or describing the artistic style and artistic achievement of the artist. The character will have to be related to the work or related to the author or both. These are the directions for us to choose to introduce the elements of the author, the work and the issue that needs to be discussed. Second, we will move to the second part of this second40p words pice. The second part means we have to depict the character's characteristics and the only things relating to the character's characteristics such as the characteristics of the second person, the characteristic of the second person. We will have to display the characteristics of the character, the characteristics of the second person, the characteristics of the second person. When you analyze your arguments for a character, you can observe the analysis of this character in Thomas Mistro's detailed example of the character of Mr. Hung in the specific lessons in the version reading guide. For example, when analyzing the character, he usually chooses to analyze according to the logic that I will analyze the initial elements such as the name, birth certificate, appearance, action, ah, address, appearance, costume, speech, address, then action, then mental transformation, then life, fate, and finally we evaluate the character together, usually like that. However, when writing a thesis, we should group those characteristics. When analyzing to understand the character clearly, I will expand on the specific directions like that, so that you can decipher the character in the work. And now, as we have understood the character clearly, we should group the characteristics of the character into specific arguments so that we can analyze, pay attention to the lesson, be clear and focused. So the characteristics of Mr. Hai's character, we can expand on two major characteristics. First, Mr. Hai is a typical image of a farmer, a northern farmer, a very gentle and pure person, and especially shows the nature of a farmer through the feeling of forgiveness to the countryside. Mr. Hai has the love of the countryside, forgiveness. Those are very traditional and familiar characteristics of rural farmers. But the second characteristic is not only the love of the countryside, forgiveness. He also has a love for the country, bringing the consciousness of a citizen to contribute to the revolution, to the resistance. So the second characteristic of Mr. Hai, of the character, Mr. Hai also loves the country very much, always supports the revolution, supports the resistance. How is the love of the countryside shown specifically? We expand through the guidance. Wherever he goes, he always remembers his village, and how the love of the country, the love of resistance, the love of revolution is shown. We also have to give guidance and sections to analyze the guidance. That is the situation when he heard the news that his village was under attack. He was in pain, far from shame. Then how happy he was when he heard the news that his village was under attack. Through the emotional change of Mr. Hai's character, the reader sees that the love of the country is in harmony with the love of the village. In that, the farmers, after the revolution, entered the resistance. They have completely changed their perception of love. They still love the countryside, but with them, the love of the country is even greater. The countryside is true love, but the countryside, according to the rule, must revenge. Support the revolution, support the resistance, support the old Ho Chi Minh. It is clear that the love of the country is greater than the love of the village. The consciousness of a worker is even stronger than the image of a farmer who left his village. Those are the steps of transformation and profound change in the awareness, in the love of the farmer after the revolution, in the resistance. So, Mr. Hai's characteristics can be deployed on two main points. Love of the village and love of the country. As the teacher said, the topic only asked about Mr. Hai's character, which is an element of the content of the work. The content is always related to the form of art. When we talk about Mr. Hai's characteristics and we evaluate them together, we do not forget that Mr. Hai's character is so vivid and vivid. It is because the artist has used very vivid and unique artistic methods to carve out the character. So, we must have a rule to record the success in the art of building characters. To deploy the success in the art of building characters, this is not the central idea of the article. The first two ideas are the most important ideas to analyze the characteristics of the character. As for art, we add more ideas to complement and complete it fully. We can deploy it without having to prove it. We just need to call out the artistic successes. We can talk about the art of creating a story to expose the character. We can talk about the art of depicting through the very vivid construction of the language of the character. It is a language that is very close to the daily words of the farmers of the northern countryside. The third point is the process of describing psychological developments. Psychological developments that are very close to the psychological developments of the farmers in the countryside show that the artist has a deep understanding of the countryside and the farmers. At the same time, these developments also show the extremely detailed and delicate psychological description of Kim Lan. That is the second point. As for art, we add more characteristics to complement and complete the article. After the article, we come to the conclusion of the article. We generally evaluate the issue of the need for public opinion as the character of Mr. Hai in the short story. We once again record the success of Kim Lan's art in creating a typical character in the image of a farmer after the revolution in France. And Mr. Hai is also a person who has lived and recorded the success of art for a long time. A unique style of Kim Lan. A writer who always has a heavy heart for the countryside, the countryside, and the Vietnamese farmers. We can conclude the article like that and choose to draw an article to discuss a specific story, the central character in the short story of Kim Lan. That is an example for us to apply the model of Gia Nhi over there and analyze a specific article. This is the system of main and large points of argument. Specific guidelines taken from the article. The arguments, the specific principles, Mr. Gia Nhi has analyzed in the reading of the article. Let's watch the video again. Mr. Gia Nhi analyzes the short story about the character of Mr. Hai so that we know which specific guidelines we should choose, which principles we should bring in to highlight these arguments. That is the part of Gia Nhi in the example. Mr. Cho comes to the third part. Mr. Cho will practice with an exercise in the textbook. Mr. Cho goes to the third part of practice. We have one more chance to try Gia Nhi for an article about the story. Our topic is your thoughts on the short story of Nam Cao. Reading the article, we immediately realize that the issue of argument here is not a factor in the content of the work. Or a factor in the form of the work. But thinking about the whole structure of the work is the short story of Nam Cao. It means that we need to think about the work in its circular posture, both content and art. Thus, we immediately recognize two major points that will be deployed in the article to deploy the characteristics of the object. We will analyze the content, the content value of the short story and the art value of this short story. So we deploy Gia Nhi. Here, Mr. Cho only asked me to write the opening part and a part of the article. But I want this to be another opportunity for you to set up Gia Nhi for an article about a story. Through that, I can imagine the whole article. First, the opening part. Of course, we still have to introduce the author Nam Cao. We can introduce the characteristics of his artistic style, his position in the history of Vietnamese culture, or the characteristics of Nam Cao's personality and life. Or the areas in Nam Cao's creative career, the areas of creativity, the major topics in Nam Cao's creative career. There are many ways to approach the author to introduce him to the work. Secondly, we introduce the characteristics of the work. The short story of Lao Hac. We can give a general assessment of this short story. This is a short story with very impressive content. At the same time, it also shows the characteristic of Nam Cao's artistic style. Right? A characteristic work for Nam Cao's artistic career. Written about the talents of farmers in August 1945. After introducing the author Nam Cao and the work Lao Hac. And we stop here. Because here, the work Lao Hac is the issue of debate. We don't need to introduce more characters or anything else. The work Lao Hac is the issue of debate. We stop at the author and the work. The work is the issue of debate. Let's move on to the short story. The short story. In order to ask us to debate about a complete work. Clearly, we will have two major points. The first is the content value of the work. And certainly, the second point is the great value of this work's art. About the content value of the work. We cling to two major content values of the work. The real value and the humanitarian value. The two values are shown through the fact that the author has built two characters in the work. That is the character Lao Hac. So first, we have to analyze the character Lao Hac. Lao Hac is a metaphor. He is a metaphorical character for the unfortunate fate of life. At the same time, he is also a metaphor for. But there are also very beautiful qualities. A metaphor for the unfortunate life and fate. And there are beautiful qualities of the farmer before death. Right? So Lao Hac is a metaphor for the unfortunate fate. As well as the beautiful qualities of the farmer before death. In order to develop this idea, we clearly have to develop it on two major ideas. The first is the unfortunate life and fate. The unfortunate life and fate. He is old. He is weak. But he still has to live alone. His wife has passed away for a long time. The only son. The hope. The greatest love of his life. So he left his wife. He lost his wife because he didn't have enough money. So he left home and went to a rich family. He has to live his old life. In a lonely life. He is alone. He has only himself as a friend. So even the old man. The only friend of Lao Hac in the last 5 months of his life. Lao Hac has to sell himself. To have enough money to live. And finally, Lao Hac has to choose an extremely bitter death. That is a fate. A life full of unfortunate bitterness. But in the unfortunate bitterness of life. It makes people shine with beautiful qualities. It makes people shine with beautiful qualities of the farmer before death. It is also the beautiful image of the farmer from the beginning of life. It is the good nature. It is the pure heart. The forgiveness. The loyalty to the end. It is the character of a person. Always keep good nature. High personality. Overcome all the desire. Survive on your own. The personality has overcome the bitterness. To the image of Lao Hac. Always a good image. In the heart of the many generations of readers. Right? The good qualities of Vietnamese farmers are shown. We have to give evidence. To analyze the life of the unfortunate fate. We have to give evidence. To prove that Lao Hac has extremely beautiful qualities. That is the first character. Lao Hac. The model for the unfortunate fate of the farmer. Before the end of August. And their beauties. And from there. We just started. This is the expression of. Humanitarian value. And. Realistic value. The depth of the work. Humanitarian value. Realistic value. The depth of the work. Focus around the central character. Lao Hac. Besides that. We can. Mention another character. The character of the teacher. Besides the central character is Lao Hac. We can analyze the character of the teacher. To see. The love and respect. Of the writer. The love and respect of the writer. For the unfortunate fate. For the farmers. Have an unfortunate life. And this. Is another symbol. Another expression. For humanitarianism. In the work. New humanitarianism. In the work. Okay. So. We have explored the content value. Of this work. With. Humanitarian value. And. Realistic value. Very deep. New. Beside the content value. We need to explore. The work. In the second aspect. Are the artistic values. This is the second big point. Artistic value. It means. We have to point out. Characteristics. About the artistic value. Of the work. Here. We can focus. Around. The artistic values. As follows. First. The artistic value of the character. The highlight. Here. Is the artistic value. Of the character. The artistic value. Of the character. The teacher. Of Nam Cao. Beside. The artistic value. Of the character. We can also. Pay attention. To the artistic value. Of the character. In. The narrative art. There are also. Unique points. That is. Nam Cao.