역대 최악의 글로벌 식량난... 미래 인류는 밥을 두고 싸우게 될 겁니다

In the movie Interstellar, humans are facing a food crisis due to environmental destruction, abnormal climate, and pests. We had died in a blight cave and we had to burn it. And we still had corn. We had acres of corn. But mostly we had dust. Crops such as wheat, rice, and okra have already disappeared, and only corn remains as the last crop on Earth. For this reason, the national policy of the United States and the rest of the world is that agriculture is the top priority. However, even the last remaining corn is in danger of extinction, and humans are in danger of survival. The last people to starve will be the first to suffocate. And your daughter's generation will be the last to survive on Earth. The Earth's environment in the movie Interstellar is not just a setting in a movie. It may be a dark future for our humanity in the future. Today's video was produced based on the World Future Report of Jerome Glenn's book. The UN Secretary-General of the World Food Program said this. After World War II, there was no such food production quality. What the hell is going on? The U.S. Great Plains is in a serious drought, and wheat crops are declining every year. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, 41% of Kansas' wheat is in very poor or bad condition. This is three times worse than 14% last year. Last May, India recorded a temperature of 49 degrees Celsius. As crops suffered great damage, the Indian government banned wheat exports at all. Europe is also in emergency. This is the Gopchang region of Europe, the southeastern part of France. From March to May last year, there was a severe drought, and in June, there was a sudden storm. As a result, the wheat production in Europe is expected to decrease by 4.7 million tons. Argentina also failed to farm because of the drought. China missed the harvest due to the COVID-19 lockdown. Korea is also in a bad situation. In the past five years, more than 20 million pigs have been slaughtered due to the heatwave. Cabbage and radishes, which are considered climate-changing crops, were overpriced due to too little production last summer. Peppers, onions, and garlic were also directly burned by the fire. This is not the end. The supply was blocked due to the shutdown of infectious diseases. As Russia invaded Ukraine, the price of grains around the world soared. As food supplies are unstable due to climate change, diseases, and wars around the world, many countries are starting to lock down their food warehouses. China, Egypt, Indonesia, Hungary, Turkey, India, Russia, Kazakhstan, Serbia, Hungary, Bulgaria, etc. Now you and I are blocking food exports. It's urgent to feed the people first. Population growth is also one of the causes of food shortages. In 2000, the world population was about 6.1 billion. In 2022, the current world population is about 8 billion. In just 20 years, it has increased by 1.9 billion. In this global food crisis, what is the future of Korea? Korea is considered the weakest country in the food crisis. Why? 80% of the grains consumed by Korea are imported. Korea's grain output is only 19.3% as of 2020. This is the last country in the OECD. Also, Korea's wheat output is 0.8%, corn is 0.7%, and beans are only 7.5%. Then how did Korea not take care of food security at all? Korea has long been concerned about semiconductor, IT, bio, heavy industry, etc. Agriculture was behind. In such a narrow land, only high-value industries have continued to grow, and agriculture has steadily decreased. According to data from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Livestock, The agricultural area has disappeared as much as 72% of Jeju Island by 2019. Also, the education rate of Koreans is also significant. Our parents want their children to go to a good university and become a judge or a doctor. Just like our children, they want to avoid going to the countryside and farming as much as possible, and they want to work in the city. Young people in the countryside keep moving out to the city, and in the end, most of the people who stay in the countryside and farm are old people. The agricultural population has become old. Now there are no young people at all. According to the results of the 2021 independent business survey released by the Statistics Agency, Based on December 1st last year, the percentage of old people over the age of 65 in the farming village was 46.8%. This is the highest number in history. It will be higher in the future. Now, in this messy situation, let's say there's a food crisis. Then Korea is in big trouble. The rich will buy their own food, but the rest of the people are forced to starve. The low-income people will starve to death first. Then how should Korea deal with the crisis in this situation? Libyoung is a movie YouTuber, so let's talk about something like a movie. One of the ways to overcome the food crisis is to develop future food technology. One of them is alternative food. You have to harvest grains, raise meat, and catch fish. But without this process, you can make your own ingredients with modern science and technology. You can make vegetable milk with beans, almonds, and coconuts. You can reproduce the taste of tuna with protein extracted from beans. You can make meat. This alternative food can minimize environmental pollution, take care of nutrition, and keep your faith. Precision fermentation is also a popular technology. With this fermentation technology that uses existing bacteria and fertilizers, I've made kimchi, pickles, beer, milk, cheese, and beer. But precision fermentation technology goes one step further. It uses the characteristics of microorganisms such as seaweed and fungi. Next, it merges with cutting-edge science such as biotechnology and computer science. Then you can extract the food you want. Now, fermentation technology is becoming a 4th industry. The most representative company is Perfect Day. Perfect Day uses precision fermentation technology to make milk without milking. How the hell do you make milk without milking? Perfect Day found a gene that makes milk protein from milking. I put this in a fungus called Trichoderma lesae. Fungi with this gene are cultured in a fermentation tank and produce protein. After separating the protein in the centrifuge, If you go through the fermentation and drying process, Six key proteins, the same as those in milk, are made into powder. Wow, it's amazing to make milk without milking. Perfect Day's precision fermentation technology is a great help to the environment. 99% less water consumption compared to real cows. 97% less greenhouse gas emissions. Is it really possible to produce milk that can be sustained? Perfect Day was founded in 2014. The current value of this company is estimated at 1.6 trillion won. This company will continue to grow. Milk made with precision fermentation technology is expected to be 5 times cheaper by 2030. At this point, this company is really sweeping the milk market around the world. Breast milk is also a rising alternative food. Breast milk is a technology that allows you to eat meat without raising livestock. The principle is this. After removing the animal cells, extract the stem cells and put them in the blood vessel. This stem cell feeds the blood vessel. It decomposes into muscle cells and becomes meat. It's amazing that you can eat meat without raising livestock or killing it. Breast milk is much better in taste and texture than plant-based alternative meat. Also, it uses less soil than regular meat. Less greenhouse gas emissions. You can reduce water consumption a lot. That's why breast milk is also evaluated as an eco-friendly technology. However, as you can see from the case of Beyond Meat, Breast milk is on display at the mart, but it is said to be too expensive. So, the current market of breast milk is how to compete in price. This is said to be the most important task. Now, we've looked at the alternative foods to overcome the food crisis. The biggest advantage of these alternative foods is that they are eco-friendly. Carbon emissions caused by existing livestock and agriculture are 18% of total carbon emissions. It's a huge number, isn't it? On the other hand, carbon dioxide emissions from alternative foods are known to be almost none compared to existing food industries. Also, according to a paper published in Nature Foods on April 26, If you completely replace meat or dairy products with alternative foods, 83% greenhouse gas caused by food, 84% water, and 87% soil use can be reduced. Also, alternative foods can be produced in a stable way. It doesn't have a big impact on climate change and pests. It's okay if you don't have enough work and water, and the amount of fertilizer used is small. Now, what do you think about alternative foods? It's a perfect technology for Korea, which imports more than 80% of its food. Now, the next important thing is the price. It's true that alternative foods are usually expensive. Still, by 2025, it is expected to fall below $10 per kilogram. By 2035, protein made with precision fermentation technology is expected to be 10 times cheaper than animal protein. Another technology to solve the food crisis is ag-tech. Ag-tech is a combination of agriculture and technology. It applies cutting-edge technology to the production and distribution of crops, such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, big data, drones, and robots. In the indoor farm of Kentucky Moorhead in the United States, they are farming without soil. No, you're farming without soil? How on earth? Here, crops are grown in a nutrient solution using water-based cultivation in the greenhouse. This method relies entirely on the stored rainwater, so the amount of water used is 90% less compared to outdoor farming. In addition, there is no need for insecticides because it is indoors. It uses both artificial light and sunlight to save energy, and the crops are not harvested by humans, but by robots. There are drones on top of Israel's 200,000 square meter farm. These drones fly over the crops, shoot the crops, save the photos on the cloud, and deliver them to the farmers through artificial intelligence analysis. The reason why ag-tech is so popular is because of the workforce of rural farms. No, they are rich farmers. They hire people, buy equipment, and build farms stably, so they can continue to generate income. However, if the income is not stable, farming itself will be difficult. However, if we solve the problem of manpower through these smart devices in the future, we will be able to grow food much more stably. In addition, when AI is used in agriculture, it can monitor individual crops to accurately identify the nutrients needed for each and then supply them. In addition, it can understand the genetic and environmental discrimination of crops to greatly improve the yield and further develop agriculture. Recently, the global smart agricultural market is growing rapidly due to the anxiety about food crisis. Experts expect this smart agricultural market to grow by 9.8% on average per year. The leading companies around the world are now advancing to ag-tech. Google has launched an artificial intelligence farming robot. Microsoft, SoftBank, and Chinese state-owned enterprises have also jumped in. Indoor vertical agriculture is also the core of future food technology. Now, let's think about the space where we build farms or grow livestock. When we say we are building a farm, we only use the surface of this dimension. For example, if you plant beans in a 10,000-square-meter land, only 10,000 beans will grow. But if you build a 50-story high-rise building on a 10,000-square-meter land, you can grow as many beans as 500,000 square meters. Building a building on the surface of this dimension maximizes space utilization in three dimensions. This is indoor vertical agriculture. On each floor of this building, there are devices that artificially adjust light, temperature, and humidity. In addition, it is said that it can also be used to prevent diseases without being affected by climate or season because it is an indoor farm. According to Professor Dixon of Columbia University, a 30-story building farm can solve the problem of 50,000 people. A company called Aeropharm purchased an old steel mill in New Jersey, USA. Then they set up an indoor vertical farm here. And they grow plants with artificial intelligence or machine learning. There are also domestic cases. Startup Ensing and Nextone. In May, Ensing signed a $3 million vertical farm construction contract with the Arab Emirates Saria Group. And Nextone is growing crops by using light-emitting diode technology that converts abandoned tunnels into smart farms. So far, we have learned about the global food crisis. Today's video is based on a new sub-chapter after the Megacrisis of the World Future Report 2023. What do you think about the global food crisis? The situation is pretty serious, right? Ideal climate, plague, fire, disease, and war. The food crisis will get worse because of global warming. In an era where food security is more important, many countries will lock their own food warehouses and use food as a weapon. What should Korea prepare for the future when food is of absolute importance? As the World Future Report 2023 showed, we must invest in cutting-edge food technology such as food tech, egg tech, smart farms, and indoor vertical farming. In addition, the government should make more budget for agricultural policies, and companies should make aggressive investments in agriculture. And our people should pay more attention to agriculture. The World Future Report 2023 offers an opportunity to recover from the crisis. In particular, we are digging into how key companies that lead the market are investing in technology development, and how to create new opportunities in the global crisis. If you read this book, you will be able to get an idea of where to invest your time and assets in the global food crisis. Also, this book contains a future scenario analyzed by experts, scholars, and entrepreneurs from 4,500 countries around the world. I hope you get an insight into who will lead the future industry. The book has a variety of themes. It contains the future education of decentralization, meta-mobility, metaverse, smart life, digital healthcare, space tech, and artificial intelligence. Please read it from the topic you want. So far, it was a review type. Oh, and today's movie review was Interstellar.