劉正教授學術演講録第55斯大林主導下的政治陰謀和民國三·一八慘案——講鹿鍾麟殺人而段祺瑞背鍋

We are going to talk about Lu Zhonglin's murder and the tragedy of Duan Qirui's death. The topic is the political conspiracy led by Stalin and the tragedy of the Republic of China 318. Originally, we planned to release this episode on March 18th to commemorate the tragedy of the 318. However, due to the fact that I made a reality show on March 18th, which is about the deepening of Japan-Korea relations and the embarrassment China is facing, we decided to postpone this episode until today. We thought it was right to postpone it until today, because on March 20th, it was the time when Tsinghua-Fengdi visited Russia, that is, when they visited the war criminals. As for the tragedy of the 318, 100% of it was caused by Stalin's plan behind the scenes. The truth has not been fully revealed in China so far. Many friends in China do not understand the essence of this matter at all. They still think that on the darkest day in the history of the Republic of China, when the Duan Qirui government shot and killed people, it was influenced by Lu Xun. What is the truth? The truth of the tragedy of the 318 and Stalin's relationship is what we are going to talk about today. I think we have been cooperating with each other since yesterday to let everyone know what kind of country the former Soviet Union and Russia are. Let me explain how Tsinghua-Fengdi joined forces with the Soviet Union and Russia to carry out this treason. The tragedy of the 318 took place on March 18, 1926. Three years later, it will be the 100th anniversary. In fact, in reality, my definition is that Lu Zhonglin, a subordinate of Feng Yuxiang, who was stationed in Beijing by the Republic of China, ordered the shooting without permission, used force to suppress the petitioners, and attempted to carry out a political conspiracy to frame Duan Qirui and force him to step down. This is the biggest difference between me and the historical scholars in China. On October 21, 1924, Feng Yuxiang launched the Beijing coup and suppressed the then President of the Republic of China, Cao Kun. What is even more shocking to everyone is that he betrayed his oath to expel the late emperor Puyi from the palace. The treaty just signed by the government of the Republic of China agreed to allow Puyi to stay in the Forbidden City and give him a place to stay. As a result, Feng Yuxiang completely betrayed his oath and exposed the whole of the Republic of China to the world. Then Feng Yuxiang formed his own army, called the National Army, and welcomed Sun Yat-sen to take over the regime. Sun Yat-sen did not even pay any attention to this. However, Feng Yuxiang's army was only less than 40,000 people. He could not compete with Zhang Zuolin and Wu Peifu, who were outside the Shanhai Pass in the north. So in this situation, Sun Yat-sen immediately invited Stalin, the Soviet leader. So under Stalin's plan and support, Feng Yuxiang went out to invite the former Prime Minister of the State Council, Duan Qirui, who neither had an army nor political power. He was appointed as the temporary president of the Republic of China. Feng Yuxiang was in charge of both military and political power. So on May 31, 1924, under Stalin's instructions, the former Soviet Union immediately signed the so-called Sino-Soviet Solution to the Crossing of the Strait Agreement with the temporary government of the Republic of China. Because when Feng Yuxiang was in charge of political power, any agreement was the most beneficial to the former Soviet Union and Stalin. However, the agreement clearly stipulated that the former Soviet Union officially recognized the temporary government of the Republic of China and decided to establish diplomatic relations. Second, abolish all unequal treaties, foreign law and consular arbitration signed with China in the Russian-German era. In addition to commercial privileges, the Sino-U.S. railway rights were also abolished. It also specifically pointed out that Mongolia is part of the Republic of China. It respected the sovereignty of the Republic of China over Mongolia and agreed to withdraw troops from Mongolia immediately. We specifically point out these points because although this agreement reflected Feng Yuxiang's many betrayals of national interests, as well as Feng Yuxiang's efforts to please the former Soviet Union and Stalin, it also reflected Stalin's comfort to China at that time. I specifically point out these points because they can be used as a clear contrast to Stalin's attitude towards Mao Zedong and the People's Republic of China in the future. We can see very clearly that Stalin's attitude towards Mongolia was to recognize independence. He recognized that Mongolia belonged to the People's Republic of China. He did not ask for independence or anything like that. However, when he faced the demands of the CCP and Mao Zedong for foreign Mongolia, he became indignant. We can see that at this time, the CCP and Mao Zedong were slightly indifferent. They dared not make any more demands. They even publicly announced their support for the independence of foreign Mongolia. This is the status and value of Feng Yuxiang, the former government of the Republic of China, and Mao Zedong's government of the People's Republic of China in the eyes of Stalin. In order to repay Feng Yuxiang, Ma Yushen surrendered and was ready to assist Stalin in resolving the Dongsan Province. Finally, in September 1925, from September 23rd to 28th, for two consecutive days, Stalin personally approved the military aid to Feng Yuxiang. How much was the aid? The total value was 8,012,186. These were the military supplies and foreign aid. 20 planes were sent to Feng Yuxiang, and a large number of advanced gas bombs, and 20 million rubles of foreign exchange to Feng Yuxiang. In other words, nearly 30 million rubles of foreign exchange was used to support Feng Yuxiang. From then on, Feng Yuxiang became Stalin's biggest spokesman in North China and Mao Zedong. Please note that Stalin's first spokesman was neither Mao Zedong nor Wang Ming, nor Chiang Kai-shek, but Feng Yuxiang. In order to repay Stalin's trust and support, Feng Yuxiang immediately set out to solve the problem of Zhang Zuolin's occupation of the Northeast and prepare for the next independence of the Dongsan Province. This is how Stalin's dream came true. Stalin's dream was to see the Soviet Union and the East and West of China as two independent republics, one called Mongolia and the other called Manchuria. This was Stalin's dream. So here we would like to say that Stalin was the greatest strategist and strategist of the split of China, and also the first designer of Manchuria. So on November 22, 1925, Feng Yuxiang supported and mobilized the general under Zhang Zuolin, Guo Songlin, to launch a direct military coup. Then Guo Songlin led his troops to retreat to Shanhai Pass, and surrounded Shenyang. Feng Yuxiang supported, and the former Soviet Union also supported. So Guo Songlin, with the belief of victory, thought that the Northeast was his. But he didn't expect that on December 24, less than a month later, he was defeated. When Zhang Zuolin learned that all of Guo Songlin's actions were done by Feng Yuxiang behind his back, it was all to cooperate with Stalin's invasion of the entire dream of the Northeast. Zhang Zuolin was angry. In order to protect the Northeast, to protect his own territory, he decisively ordered the execution of Guo Songlin. Then he sent a large army to order his son Zhang Xueliang to lead a large army to attack Beijing. Feng Yuxiang, the mastermind behind the rebellion in Beijing, also wanted to take the opportunity to completely cut off Stalin's plan to betray the territory of the Republic of China and the sovereignty of the great traitor Feng Yuxiang. So in 1926, Zhang Zuolin joined forces with Zhang Zongchang, Wu Peifu, Yan Xishan, etc. From the outside, the whole of Beijing was surrounded. It formed a situation where Feng Yuxiang could not enter or retreat, and was attacked from all sides. In February, the joint military of Zhang Zuolin's organization was deployed in the outskirts of Tianjin. At that time, Feng Yuxiang's army was there. They used a large number of Russian water mines to block the mouth of the Great Valley. As a result, it was troublesome. Because half of the use of the mouth of the Great Valley allowed the Eight-Nation Allied Forces, especially the Japanese warships, to enter and exit freely. Once this was blocked, it caused the Eight-Nation Allied Forces, especially the Japanese warships, to be unable to enter and exit the Great Valley. Therefore, the Japanese army and Feng Yuxiang's army launched artillery fire. On March 12, Feng Yuxiang's army and the Allied Forces fought a major battle at the Great Valley. Two Japanese warships arrived at the scene to support the Allied Forces and jointly attacked Feng Yuxiang's army. On March 16, the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, and Japan, eight countries, in accordance with the New Uygur Treaty, the mouth of the Great Valley was not allowed to set fire. The Foreign Ministry of the People's Republic of China and Feng Yuxiang proposed a ceasefire. When the ceasefire was proposed, the eight countries had sent warships to guard the Great Valley. They were waiting for artillery fire. On March 17, the People's Republic of China's temporary government said that the content of the ceasefire was beyond the scope of the New Uygur Treaty, so there was no reason for the ceasefire. Therefore, the eight countries were forced to retreat. The reason for the ceasefire was that they had no reason to send troops. At the same time, to appease the Japanese, Duan Qirui persuaded Feng Yuxiang not to set fire to the mouth of the Great Valley. There were overseas warships there. According to the New Uygur Treaty, there was the right to stay and the right to enter. If you set fire to the mouth of the Great Valley, the Japanese troops would not be able to enter. Duan Qirui persuaded Feng Yuxiang to stop the war there. Of course, Feng Yuxiang refused. Duan Qirui reported to Stalin. On June 16 and 17, the Chinese Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party held a joint meeting in Beijing for the first time and decided to launch a student-citizen petition movement. This is the only time the two parties have joined forces. Xu Qian, a member of the Kuomintang, and Li Dazhao, a representative of the Northern District of the Communist Party, decided to organize students from all schools and groups to gather in Tiananmen Square on March 18 to attack the State Council. On March 18, thousands of Beijing citizens and students gathered in front of Tiananmen Square and rushed to the State Council of the KMT. At the same time, they shouted to resist the reunification of the eight countries and restore sovereignty. At the same time, they threw bombs, gas bombs, wine bottles and oil bottles. They threw the gas into the people and hoped to cause a fire. At the same time, they used wooden sticks to attack the guards. At that time, the guards in Beijing were all Feng Yuxiang's subordinates. They were all Lu Zhonglin's subordinates. When Lu Zhonglin saw them, he was, of course, the highest-ranking person in the Beijing army. When he saw the guards, he turned his face and shot. So he ordered the suppression. As a result, 47 people were killed on the spot. More than 150 people were injured. The whole thing was overthrown. Thousands of people were killed. Duan Qirui was very shocked when he heard the sound of a gun outside in the Presidential Office. He walked downstairs and saw dozens of bodies lying on the street. So he rushed to the scene. The reporter took a picture of the scene. He knelt down on the spot in front of the bodies. He swore an oath of life on the spot. At the same time, Duan Qirui returned to the Presidential Office and immediately held an emergency meeting and asked Lu Zhonglin and others to wait for the punishment of the national government. One of the leaders of the student movement, Fu Sinian, met Lu Zhonglin in Kunming and said to him face to face, We used to be friends, but now we are enemies. Students are our children. If you shoot, I can keep quiet. Lu Zhonglin was speechless. At the same time, the local procuratorate in Beijing officially sent officials to investigate the 318 shooting incident. Officially determined that the meeting was voluntary, and there were no unlawful violations. As for the violation of Article 311 of the Penal Code of Conduct for shooting, killing, and assaulting multiple people, the government, the government of Duan Qirui, ordered Lu Zhonglin to be convicted. So all of us who accuse the government of Duan Qirui, please face this basic fact. The procuratorate of Duan Qirui's government, Duan Qirui ordered Lu Zhonglin to wait for national punishment, and the National Procuratorate sentenced Lu Zhonglin to be convicted. Follow the investigation of this petition, behind the scenes planners, Kuomintang, Xu Qian, Communist Party, Li Dazhao, and Li Shizeng, Yi Peiji, Gu Mengyu, Zhu Jiahua, Jiang Menglin, and Lu Xun, dozens of people, have framed the National Government. So what did Lu Xun write later? The darkest day of the National Government. Remember Liu Kexin? He did it for revenge. He was already living well in Beijing. Just because of the shout of the pen, he supported it. As a result, he was included in the wanted list. So he was not convinced. So he had to hide. So a large number of these people in order to avoid being arrested and wanted, all of a sudden, hid in the former Soviet Embassy in Beijing. Because they couldn't get out of Beijing, they hid in the former Soviet Embassy. Duan Qingyue didn't dare to deny it. But Zhang Duolin went to Beijing to check the former Soviet Embassy. That's what happened to this group of people. So it looked like it was going to be completely exposed. Feng Yuxiang turned his face. He ordered Lu Zhonglin to immediately surround the National Government and arrest Duan Qingyue. I'm going to change the president. Get out of here. You dare to interrogate me? So Duan Qingyue saw that things were not going well. He didn't have a single soldier or a gun. He was just a paper. He was chosen to be a puppet. He ran into the French Embassy. Wait until April 17. Zhang Duolin and Zhang Xueliang led the Northeast Army into Beijing and surrounded the Soviet Embassy. They immediately arrested all the people hiding in the embassy, including Li Dazhao, all the KMT people and the Communist Party people. This completely crushed Stalin's dream of splitting the Northeast and exposed the traitor Feng Yuxiang's betrayal of China's sovereignty, betrayal of the territory, and the face of the former Soviet Union. Since then, Feng Yuxiang has had to leave Beijing and China's politics. It can be said that he was exposed by Zhang Duolin after he entered Beijing. This made him speechless and completely ended his existence as an old military in the Republic of China, in the Chinese political scene. But in order to cover up the truth of this matter, the CCP's history book completely wiped out Duan Qingyue's government's decision to kill him. Instead, the crime of killing was attributed to Duan Qingyue's government. It was just to free Lu Zhonglin and Feng Yuxiang from their crimes. Later, Feng Yuxiang and Lu Zhonglin became the so-called patriotic generals of the Communist Party. Which country do you love? Not the Republic of China, not the People's Republic of China, but the former Soviet Union. So this is the truth of the matter. Therefore, we can see that Duan Qingyue has no responsibility on this March 8th case, and he did it perfectly. The real responsibility is that Lu Zhonglin shot and killed without permission, but Duan Qingyue was acquitted. All the responsibility is that Stalin ordered Feng Yuxiang to lead a division of Northeast China, a political conspiracy to divide China's sovereignty and territory. In the end, it was handed over to the CCP and Duan Qingyue was framed. Even Lu Xun, who commemorated Liu Hezhen, became an important article to convict Duan Qingyue. Thank you. Thank you for your support. Let's spread the truth and understand the real history, culture, reality, and politics of China. Thank you for watching.