Chinese History (Pre-Qin Chapter) 3 Searching for the Xia Dynasty Does Dayu exist?

Is Dayu really a real person? Or does it just exist in myths and legends? Why in Mr. Lu Xun’s writings Dayu turned into a worm Please pay attention to the third episode of Chinese Historical Painting in Pre-Qin Dynasty Looking for Xia Dynasty The Chinese nation has a long history of 5,000 years endless On the land of China The protagonists of history take turns to appear Countless splendors and miracles were born Left too many stories Holding a heavy history book in hand We cannot help but ask where the origin of the Chinese nation lies Who is in this vast land Plant a seed Wait for him to take root and sprout lush foliage Go back in time 4,000 years ago in distant ancient times Everything is so mysterious to us during this period There is no systematic text yet People spread the word just by word of mouth To preserve ancient memories people at this time Can't explain yet Various movements and changes in nature They attributed it to some mysterious force Wind, rain, lightning, sunrise and sunset, ebb and flow These natural phenomena we take in stride In the eyes of people at that time, it was sacred and shocking. So people create all kinds of myths to explain strange phenomena that are far beyond their comprehension then We have Pangu opening the sky, Nuwa mending the sky, Houyi shooting the sun The boundary between reality and fantasy As the world spreads, it gradually becomes blurry now We can only learn from these bizarre legends Go search for the fragments of life of our ancient ancestors Among the many fantasy legends There is a mythical figure who is different from others He is more like a person living around us living flesh and blood people This is thirteen years of flood control Dayu passed through the house three times without ever entering. Maybe it’s his perseverance and determination to control floods Made him lose a few points The mythical color stands together with ordinary people For thousands of years He is the flood control hero in our hearts It's him too Started the Xia Dynasty, the first dynasty in Chinese history Lead the Chinese nation from primitiveness to civilization But legends are just legends after all In that mysterious ancient era full of myths Did Dayu really exist? The once large, majestic and famous Xia Dynasty Where was it built? Can archaeological discoveries reveal 4,000 years ago? What about the mystery of that glorious dynasty? Wu Lisong, associate professor of Nanjing University, gave a lecture Baijia Forum will tell you wonderful stories series Episode 3 of the Pre-Qin Chapter of Chinese Historical Painting: Searching for the Xia Dynasty What about today? Let’s talk about a new topic: Searching for the Xia Dynasty So why do we still talk about looking for Xia Dynasty? Doesn't the Xia Dynasty exist? Is the story of Dayu’s flood control just a legend? Is there such a person as Dayu in history? This is what we have today Such a question to be discussed Let’s talk about Dayu Let's start with a debate in the 1930s 1935 Mr. Lu Xun wrote an article The name of this article is Lishui Mr. Lu Xun is in this article about Lishui Just mentioned that the flood is coming There are some professors on the Cultural Hill There is a professor named Mr. Birdhead They don't believe this water can cure it Together they are studying whether the person Big Fish exists. Mr. Pee-head said According to my observation Dayu was actually a worm He is not a person at all He is a worm Everyone knows The background of Mr. Lu Xun writing this article When was it? Mr. Lu Xun wrote this article at the end of 1935 And everyone should understand the historical background at that time September 18th Incident in 1931 Northeast fell By the time of the North China Incident in 1935 North China will fall again Mr. Lu Xun said This is the time when the flood of the Chinese nation is raging You professors? Don’t even study how to control floods And to study whether those people who control floods exist Mr. Lu Xun When I was writing this article, There is such an angry mood in it So this article in Lishui also revealed to us 1920s to 1930s A debate about the existence of the Xia Dynasty 1923 There is a young scholar named Gu Jiegang He wrote an article Mr. Gu Jiegang proposed History is made of barriers What is barrier manufacturing? In the beginning, there was only one person like this As the times continue to advance, The time is getting closer and closer to today And the story attached to this person become more and more abundant getting plumper more and more More and more colorful Mr. Gu Jiegang This historical phenomenon is called the layered theory of ancient history. So that means The later the time further back So the stories attached to historical figures It becomes more and more abundant more and more After this Mr. Gu Jiangang wrote an article He based it on an ancient Chinese dictionary What is the name of this dictionary? called shuowenjiezi Shuowenjiezi says fish and insects are also Pictogram from meat It’s the word fish. It originally meant a worm And then it's a hieroglyph Based on this, Mr. Gu Jiegang further deduced that Dayu does not exist Dayu only appears on early ancient Chinese bronzes Those insects one by one That one one by one The image and name of this ancient mythical beast After saying this, It can be said to be a bolt from the blue. why Because people in the past believed in Yao and Shun fish soup This is China ancient holy king So now Gu Jiegang says that Dayu did not exist Dayu is just a bug on top And this insect can be confirmed by Shuowenjiezi As soon as this theory came out, You can say it caused widespread controversy in the academic circles at that time But everyone needs to know Talk about bigness and non-existence Gu Jiegang is not the first person As early as 1909 There is a Japanese scholar named Bai Niao Ku Ji Bainiaokuji proposed To clarify Chinese philosophy We must understand China’s historical background He said Many characters in ancient Chinese history and legends All related to Confucianism The foundation established by Confucianism It is these holy kings in ancient history and legends Saint so Bai Niao Ku Ji's bold questioning Shangshu Yao Dian and Shun Dian are greater than the end and the first sentence recorded in these articles They are all called Yue Ruo Ji Gu If the moon beats the drum If translated into modern Chinese That is, if we examine ancient history So Bai Niao Ku Ji inferred that these articles It’s all due to future generations tracing back to previous generations. Imagination of previous generations It is based on this Baitori Kuji doubts Ancient China Maybe there were no such people as Yao, Shun, and Yu. He proposed a theory Calling Yao, Shun and Yu obliterating the theory So that means Ancient Chinese History It is not as recorded in ancient Chinese books so long so long Therefore, as soon as this theory was proposed, It quickly caused a sensation in Japanese academic circles And then this sensation It poured into the Chinese academia of the 1920s Audience friends You need to know Japan, since the Meiji Restoration they came up with a theory It’s called leaving Asia and joining Europe. Just leave Asia Embrace Europe So in the process of leaving Asia and joining Europe, The influence of Chinese culture must be eliminated Therefore, Japanese scholars turned to qualitative Doubt the system of criticizing ancient Chinese history and legends So Bainiao Kuji proposed the theory of erasure of Yao, Shun and Yu. The introduction of this theory I just want to draw money from under the cauldron Draw out the core of Chinese culture The most primitive creation That initial setting Whether it is Mr. Gu Jiegang Whether it is Mr. Lu Xun For such a historical background You can say it It's impossible not to understand So their attitude towards Yao and Shun and the theory of obliteration is different Mr. Lu Xun not only opposed our scholars We, researchers of Chinese history Deny the existence of Dayu Mr. Lu Xun Special commendation was also given to the person who led the people Fight against floods Such a great Yu who passed through the house three times without ever entering. Mr. Lu Xun said with emotion He said this about Dayu It seems like a real worm He and those holding crutches Talking loudly on the cultural mountain Professors who talk incessantly are different This Dayu was diligent and silent in controlling floods. This Dayu He is a down-to-earth person who does practical things until today We should still promote the spirit of Dayu Promote this spirit of Dayu’s flood control However It is important to talk about spirit We still have to prove another thing today Does Dayu really exist? Did the Xia Dynasty really exist? Regardless of whether Dayu actually existed or not his story His spirit has long been integrated into the blood of the Chinese nation You may not understand the origin of Chinese civilization But you must know the story of Dayu’s flood control Dayu’s spirit has infected generations of people we are proud of this Be excited about this People cherish a beautiful longing wish he existed I hope such a brave, righteous and tenacious warrior He once left his footprints on this land in the records of history books Dayu controlled floods for thirteen years After all the hardships From this perspective That huge flood It must be a huge disaster But is this really happening? The Chinese nation in history Have you really experienced such a huge disaster? Analyzing Dayu's flood control Did this problem exist before Let’s put Dayu and Xia Chao aside for now. You still remember what I told you before In today's southwest of Shanxi, China There is a very important historical relic A city site with nearly 3 million square meters This is the Taosi ruins Then after the ruins of Taosi Temple disappeared, What kind of historical relics will appear? Right here at Dow People When we enjoy three or four hundred years of peace, We know that the Taosi ruins lasted more than 300 years That is to say By this time around 4,000 years ago In Henan There is a big mountain range This mountain range is called Songshan Mountain So this mountain range was responsible for the reproduction of ancient Chinese humans. What role did it play? Archeology and exploration according to archaeologists Whether this mountain range is north of Songshan Mountain, Or south of Songshan Mountain? There are very rich historical relics What's more interesting is Historical relics north of Songshan Mountain and historical relics south of Songshan Mountain Its historical relics have a different appearance Archaeologically speaking This means that They belong to two different cultural types through archaeological discoveries People from the north of Songshan Mountain He mainly focuses on deep penetration This is called profit And what about south of Songshan? People south of Songshan use tripods more often Then north of Songshan Mountain, use Shenfu Guan Ding used in the south of Songshan Mountain what does this mean This shows that the people in the north and south of Songshan Mountain Maybe they were two different ethnic groups in ancient times. And these two groups If we don't use mountains We come with water logo The water system north of Songshan Mountain mainly flows into the Yellow River There is a big river south of Songshan Mountain called Dianshui. It flows into the Huaihe River The Huaihe River system is connected to the Yangtze River system So we will find that Songshan is particularly important To the north is the Yellow River Basin To the south is the Jianghuai River Basin The different populations in these two basins We met at Songshan Mountain Then my next point is about to come out Why does Chinese culture emphasize a Chinese Emphasize one China Emphasize a Central Plains That's different groups of people Eventually they met in the Central Plains region But this time the intersection was not so smooth. Because according to research Around 4,200 years ago to 4,000 years ago China or the global climate A big change has taken place This change means frequent earthquakes The flood is coming We can doubt it This is a bad ecological disaster Early hominins in China They are often found on the tributaries of major rivers. Life in this kind of place But the flood from 4,200 to 4,000 Really changed The life of people at that time Let’s go back to Confucian classics In the chapter of Yu Gong in the Book of Shang Shu, it is said that Yu Futu followed the mountain to explore the tomb hall. Takayama Okawa This sentence means that fish are managing the water and soil Cutting wood along with mountain water flow This argument We can also see it in the Long Hair Chapter of the Book of Songs floods Rain covers the earthwork Of course everyone knows These are all historical records about Dayu’s flood control So we have to ask, are these historical records reliable? Are these historical records true? Because some scholars have pointed out The Book of Songs in Shangshu were all compiled by people during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. You take the records of people from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period People's books tell the story of the Xia Dynasty There were still a thousand or two thousand years in between. how do you know What people said in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period is true. A bronze artifact that was exiled overseas in 2002 Entered the Chinese people’s horizons This bronze vessel is called virtual It is an ancient ritual vessel This Xu is because his master is Bing Gong Some actually read it as Sui Gong So this bronze vessel is called Binggongxu Or Suigong Ruins On top of Suigong Market It is obvious that there are 10 lines of inscriptions with a total of 98 words. in this inscription There is destiny and pagoda to follow Shanjunchuan A few lines of words like "Nai Jia Di She Zheng" Everybody knows Sui Gongxu had a clear Judgable historical era It is a bronze vessel from the middle and early Western Zhou Dynasty Then the sudden emergence of Sui Gongxu as we show What does it indicate? At least in the Zhou Dynasty Dayu controlled floods It's something that people remember And it's upper class society These great nobles A historical epic recognized by all So this historical fact It was engraved on the bronze inscription then we know The era of Sui Gongxu We must go far through the era when the Book of Songs was written The appearance of Sui Gongxu prove to us indirectly Proved the reliability of Dayu's flood control Dayu succeeded in controlling floods Became a hero in people's hearts But what is less known is that Before Dayu There is another person Nine years of hard work in water control He devoted his whole life to water control. He is the father of Dayu 丨 They have also devoted their efforts to water control for many years. Why is it always forgotten by history? How did Dayu successfully control floods? the method it uses How is it different from his father? We can know from historical legends Dayu was a diligent and conscientious person. Don't talk much Such an image of being very honest and responsible His father’s name is Gun丨 In the time of Yao and Shun generation One such bureaucrat was once appointed to manage water But what method should be adopted to control the water? 丨I saw the flood coming Just choke the rice Stop the water Prevent water from spreading But everyone knows If the upstream water When a steady stream of people gather together Use congestion method It is impossible to complete the control of floods So Dayu’s father failed to control the floods 丨Failed to control floods and was exiled Then he died in the place of exile After the fish's father rolled to death Yu was appointed as the water controller again Then he started to pay attention I can no longer use my father's method of water control. The fish began to control the water in their own way The way fish controls water is by channeling it when the water comes fish think of a way Divert water to other river branches Legend has it that the main flood at that time was the Yellow River And Dayu was on the lower reaches of the Yellow River This is today's North China Plain area Divert the tributaries of the Yellow River one by one Let the Yellow River pass through the middle reaches After a massive flood No longer follow a river into the sea Instead, it flows into the sea along 9 different tributaries. So this method is called fish to cure Jiuhe It’s Dayu Nine rivers were opened The method of controlling water in Jiuhe by fish Later became the Chinese dynasties An important method to control floods It is said in history books The house that Dayu lived in was very simple. He put his strength and wealth All used to control floods History books say that Dayu traveled by land and made a chariot. Water moves into a boat Sheath of mud Just different geographical locations and natural environments He would use different modes of transportation to travel. It can be said that I have traveled to every corner of the river. Legend has it that he has been out controlling floods for 13 years Passed through the house three times without entering This is three In ancient China, it means "many" That is to say Dayu, a man who had been out controlling floods for 13 years Passed by my door many times But he didn't go home to see his wife and children But use your own strength All used for water control After more than ten years of management The torrential floods were channeled away Dayu succeeded More importantly through water control Multiple ethnic groups affected by floods at the same time gradually unite A new great country is about to be born With the advancement of scientific and technological means and the deepening of archaeological work We are getting closer to the truth of history little by little The glorious Xia Dynasty recorded in history books Not just a legend for future generations 1920s and 1930s The debate about Xia Yu Will eventually find the answer On the land of Central Plains buried under loess It was a once dazzling dynasty Time conceals history But he left traces of his past 1950s With the development of a series of large-scale archaeological work Xia Dynasty also gradually revealed his true colors Where was he built? What kind of tortuous process did his discovery go through? Mention the discovery of the Xia Dynasty There is an archaeologist who is particularly important This archaeologist He graduated from Henan University in his early years Mr. An Jinhuai Mr. An presided over Erligang That is today Archaeological excavation of Zhengzhou Mall in Zhengzhou City This discovery of Zhengzhou Mall lets us know turn out to be In addition to having a capital city like Anyang in the Shang Dynasty, There is also an earlier capital city So when I discovered Zhengzhou Mall, Mr. An Jinhuai has a dream It can be said to be a pursuit of archaeologists There are many records about the capital of Xia Dynasty in history. Can it be in Henan? can it The area recorded in historical documents of the capital of the Xia Dynasty Find the capital of Xia Dynasty? So starting from the 1950s Mr. An Jinhuai took the initiative Deliberately located in and around Zhengzhou, Henan Conduct archaeological exploration visits Discover Hard work pays off Mr. An Jinhuai is in Dengfeng, Henan There is a place called Gaocheng The ruins of Wangchenggang were discovered in Bafang Village. This ruins Not big and In terms of type It is a small town in the late Longshan Culture But Mr. An Jinhuai relies on his trust in historical documents and keen vision Mr. An decided that Such a small town must exist big article By 1977 The archaeological team is next to the Wangchenggang ruins a little bit of position Discovered an ancient city from the Warring States Period And on the pottery fragments unearthed in this ancient city, There is such a line of text saying that Yangcheng Cangqi The appearance of these four words It can be said It was a great inspiration to all the archaeological team members at that time. Because they found the ruins of Yangcheng during the Warring States Period The ruins of Yangcheng during the Warring States Period What does it have to do with Xia Chao? Because Sima Qian clearly recorded it in historical records Yudu Yangcheng It can be said that the Yangcheng ruins came into being. let us know This was the capital of Dayu But you will find the ruins of Yangcheng. Everyone has a doubt What doubts are there? It’s the ruins of Yangcheng. Too small Even though it is an east and west city Dongcheng has been washed away by floods But the scale of Xicheng is only 10,000 square meters. we talked about it before Taosi ruins It is a large city with an area of ​​27.8 million square meters. Yudu is later than Taosi How could it be just such a small town? people still have to question Is this Yudu? Could it be here The earliest capital city of Xia Dynasty? 2001 Mr. An Jinhuai passed away But soon after the arrival of the 21st century Archaeological exploration of Wangchenggang ruins resumed Archaeologists excavation in Intramuros Found another one A big city with more than 300,000 square meters It is clearly confirmed that the big city was built after the small city was destroyed. Not only that Just in the upper reaches of the Yinghe River where the Wangchenggang ruins are located One after another, archaeologists The ruins of more than 10 small towns were also discovered You can say it Yu Duyang City is not only a city its surroundings There are many satellite cities guarding it. Showed to us in Duyang City early ancestors Enjoying such a fertile land in southwestern Shanxi Three or four hundred years later They used their great spirit of unity to control the floods In the process of controlling floods Different ethnic groups have been integrated In the end, in order to pursue more valuable resources, In order to obtain more advanced technology For better governance and governance Dayu set his capital south of the Yellow River In a land like Songshan And at the Wangchenggang Site in Duyang City It is very likely that it was the first capital of Yu the Great. According to the early carbon original engineering of Chinese civilization The joint efforts of several archaeologists we finally know Early Xia Dynasty ruins There are Wangchenggang ruins in Dengfeng, Henan It is the ruins of Yudu Yangcheng Also later The Erlitou site, which was the center of Xia Dynasty rule for a long time These ruins show us China has emerged from the era of ancient history and legends About to enter the era of historical civilization Out of the primitive tribalism era We are about to enter the era of royal power in a broad sense. And what is truly verifiable able to step by step revealed to us word by word The coming of Chinese history It will be hundreds of years later His arrival is accompanied by With another major archaeological discovery So what is this archaeological discovery? Then please watch the next episode thank you all