劉正教授學術演講録第19講CCP黨歌誕生的歴史過程

What is the topic we are going to talk about today? It is to solve another problem, that is, the CCP's party song, Oriental Red, was born. All of us Chinese, and even many foreigners who have not been to China, as long as they have heard of China, they must know this song, Oriental Red. When we go to school or kindergarten, we will definitely learn this song, Oriental Red. Mao Zedong was born in China. As long as you have been to China or know some Chinese people, you will almost always sing this song. So how did this song form? We are going to do a historical assessment on this today. To analyze, this song became the origin of the CCP's party song. When Oriental Red was born, it became the people of northern Shaanxi who sang it to Mao Zedong. Their personal admiration for Mao Zedong continued to deepen. So the political label of this song was gradually raised. It has become a iconic song that Mao Zedong admires. So, in a sense, just like what we see on the screen, Oriental Red actually represents the party song and national anthem of the People's Republic of China, the Communist Party of China. Do you understand? It is a sacred religious song dedicated to the Communist Party of China and Mao Zedong. We can call it the first party song and the second national anthem. In the end, this song was released by the famous composer Li Huanzhi and the famous poet Gong Mu. These two big names, one wrote the lyrics and the other composed the song. They personally worked on it and finally revised it. So when you learn this song, Oriental Red, You see a lot of articles telling you that this is a folk song. The person who wrote the lyrics is Li Youyuan. You have been deceived. Today's episode will systematically explain to you the history of the birth of Oriental Red. Oriental Red is the earliest song of the People's Republic of China. Sesame oil is a love song of the People's Republic of China. Why was it introduced to Yan'an? Because there were a lot of folk songs at the time. Dai Qin introduced it in an article. In 1937, there were several old folk artists in the Red Army Theater. One of them was called Fang Xianzhang. He used to sell music and sing in the Yellow River area of ​​Shanbei. He sang a lot of local love songs. Of course, there are also folk songs of the Yellow Party and Hunsu. In these love songs, there is a folk song called Sesame Oil in Shanbei. There is only one Sesame Oil. Sesame oil, cabbage, want to eat soy milk. I haven't seen you for three days and I want to die. Where are you? This is Sesame Oil. I searched for this song on Youku. You can listen to this song. That's it. This is the earliest original song of the People's Republic of China. It's called Sesame Oil. We introduced it just now. It was Fang Xianzhang who brought this song to Yan'an in 1937. Then, at this time, Please pay attention to this song. It was sung by a woman to a lover. We do research on folk literature. You will find a strange phenomenon. The male lead is more often called three brothers. The female lead is more often called five girls. Pay attention to this. Especially in the local play. So why not big brother, second brother, fourth brother, five brothers? It must be three brothers. There is a second question. Why not big brother, second brother, third brother, fourth brother? It must be five girls. We see that the famous Hua Weiming is also five girls. Look at Shanghai. In the local play of Jiangnan, In the local play of Henan, In the local play of Qing Dynasty, The female lead is more often called five girls. So, I used to do a systematic review of the local play of Qing Dynasty, The local play of the north and south. There are a lot of three brothers and five girls. But I didn't find the answer. And, Once there was an Australian female professor who studied the Qing Dynasty folk drama in China. She gave a lecture. I asked her this question on the spot. She was also embarrassed. She told me that she didn't expect it either. She can't answer. I also checked a lot of research papers on Chinese folk literature. Domestic and foreign. There is no answer so far. Why is the male lead more than three brothers? The female lead is mostly called five girls. Even the female lead of Hua Weiming is called five girls. Right? Everyone knows. So, In this song, Sesame oil is also, Oh, my three brothers. Who is the female lead? I didn't say. Then I can say today. This female lead, If I have to give her a title, It's probably called five girls. So sesame oil should be five girls singing to three brothers. This is the so-called flashback of folk songs. So, Followed by, This is 37 years. Officially in Yan'an, According to history, This song has been circulated. In 1938, Because of the start of the Nationalist Party, The United Nations fought the war. To encourage the morale. At this time, Yan'an Luxin Academy, The person in charge of the female lead, There is a girl named An Bo. An, An Bo from Poland. She is the person in charge of the female lead. Her real name is Liu. Liu Qinglu. She was the dean of Yan'an Luyin Academy. In the early days, Yan'an Luyin's female lead. She thought this song was very good. A little bit of this smell. Because of our words now, A little bit of oil. So, She wrote a three-paragraph new word. Three paragraphs. The name was changed to White Horse Song. White horse, riding a white horse, running on the beach. I don't have a wife and aunt. You don't have a sweat. Let's come to Kuncheng. A piece of garlic. The house is dark. The soil is raw. The soil is rotten. Riding a white horse, crossing the Yangtze River. Three brothers ate the grain of the Eighth Route Army. There are three brothers. I want to go home and see the girl. The house is dark. I can't take care of the ghost. The last paragraph. Three eight guns, no cover. The Eighth Route Army was in the army. No wife. Wait until the Yulin City. The house is dark. One person, one female student. Did you hear that? One person, one female student. It was in the Eighth Route Army in Yan'an. This is what they dreamed of. One person, one female student. This song is very interesting. Let's play it. Let's listen to it again. This is the first paragraph. Because it is three paragraphs. We won't repeat it. So. Anbo's revision. It's done. From sesame oil. Love songs for men and women. It became. A song to fight the war. As a result. The singer became. Three brothers sing to five girls. Or three brothers. A bachelor. Calling himself. The five girls at Yulin Middle School. Wait for me. One person, one female student. That day. So. This revision. It's done. One of the fundamental changes. First of all. Anbo. It's a young man from Yan'an. After the liberation. Became the secretary of the Luxin Academy of Arts. Later. Director of the Northeast People's Academy of Arts. Then all the way to. Minister of Propaganda of the Liaoning Provincial Committee. Later. Became. Director of the Beijing Chinese Music Academy. Director. The official name is Dada Lihao. But. Also a revolutionary poet. Revolutionary poet. Here. It's completely changed. The whole lyrics. It became a man singing to a woman. Or a man. A bachelor. Calling himself. In particular. Yulin Middle School. The Yulin Middle School in northern Shaanxi. At that time. This is a big name. This Yulin Middle School. It was officially founded in 1903. It was called Yuyang Middle School. Its predecessor is the Ming Dynasty. Yuyang Academy was established in 1495. Later. Yulin Middle School. So. The history of the poor is very long. So. Who graduated from this Yulin Middle School? Three people. The first person. Liu Zhidan. We've seen it before. The founder of the Red Army in northern Shaanxi. The second person. Gao Gang. Everyone knows. Gao Gang. Dongbei King. The third person. The most famous. The anti-Japanese general of the Kuomintang. Du Yiming. So. These three people. All of this. Graduated from Yulin Middle School. So. The teacher who teaches here. It's also amazing. There are two people. It shows the history of this school. Zhang Jiluan. This is the famous. Zheng Lunjia. And. Bao Ye. The giant. Zhang Jiluan. Mr. Zhang. I used to be a teacher there for a long time. Teach Chinese. There is a second one. It's in Yan'an. It's a red sky. That one. To Mao Zedong. Mr. Li Dingming. Long-term here. Teach Chinese. So. We've gone through these five people. It's already completely. The position of Yulin Middle School. It is still. Shanbei area. Shanxi. Yan'an area. Famous. History. Famous school. That school. Really. In addition to the teacher. Very awesome. There is also a scene. It's the girl from that school. The clothes are very neat. What are they all about? Riding ear hair. And. It's a very. And then the blue dress, with half of her legs exposed. These four images were the standard attire of the girls in Yulin Middle School at the time. They were also the dream lovers in the hearts of the boys of the entire northern Shaanxi and the northern Shaanxi region. So Anpo took her down. When Yulin City was taken down, there was a female student, working in the Eighth Route Army. At that time, this kind of scene of revolution and thinking about women came out. But Anpo is still not a revolutionary leader until now. From sesame oil, women think of men, love songs, to riding a white horse, to the Eighth Route Army fighting the Japs. After the victory, he went to Yulin City to grab a female student. That's it. It has nothing to do with the song of the great leader. So then there was a problem. Who turned the white horse into the Oriental Red? There are three arguments in this. All three surnames are arguing that I am the author. The first one is Li Youyuan, a Shaanxi and northern Shaanxi farmer who was officially recognized by the Ming Dynasty. He said he created it first. He said that one day he went out to pick rice, and saw the sun rising far away. At that time, Director Zhang said, Oriental Red Sunrise. You say he has been picking rice for so many days in his life, 365 days a year. Why did he suddenly say Oriental Red Sunrise in 1942? So it doesn't make sense. There are many things that are unusual. The second person is his nephew, Li Zengzheng. Li Zengzheng revealed that his uncle was illiterate and could only sing one song. It was really him who changed it. Li Zengzheng said Oriental Red. This song was written by him. He gave it to Shen Ding. These two uncles are related. But what did Li Zengzheng say? Li Zengzheng's teacher didn't do it. Li Zengzheng's teacher is called Li Jinqi. Li Jinqi clearly said, this song was modified by him in class. Then as a textbook, as a teaching content, give it to the students. Not only did Li Zengzheng learn it, everyone learned it. It can be proven. So this thing is called the Three Rites. Then we look at the addition of the composer Li Huanzhi, the fourth one, and Gongmu. Four Rites, one Gongmu. In other words, we have already understood. This is a collective creation project. This should have been done by the people of the Central Organization Propaganda Department in Yan'an at the time. Then, through Mao Zedong and Shen Ding, Li Youyuan was chosen as the composer. Because Mao Zedong didn't want the elementary school teacher and the composer Li Huanzhi, Gongmu to be named. Because he wanted a folk song from northern Shaanxi. It should be the farmers at the bottom of northern Shaanxi, the wandering artists, singing from the heart, we love Mao Zedong. What the CCP needs is this kind of artistic effect. So he thinks, Li Huanzhi, Gongmu, and even Li Jinqi, you are modifying the lyrics, adding and creating. That's what you should do. It's just for the party's work. So it can be said that Li Youyuan became the author of this Oriental Red. It should be the official intention to determine and Mao Zedong personally selected, in order to create a northern Shaanxi farmer's infinite respect for him. Express this. So this is the conclusion of today's issue. So after this, we look at the Oriental Red and Taiyangsheng now, you will understand completely. After Li Huanzhi, Gongmu, fully processed, the sesame oil became the white horse tune, Anbo, the earliest revolutionary youth. Then the third step became the Oriental Red. In the fourth step, the central government decided to choose a northern Shaanxi old farmer as the author. Who to choose? It was Li Youyuan. He is illiterate, but he can sing a northern Shaanxi folk song. So he chose you. So his nephew was not convinced. Li Zengzheng estimated that it was the word I gave him. Li Zengzheng's teacher said, you're talking nonsense. I told you in class. The whole class heard it. I understand. This is the process. So the whole process of the birth of Oriental Red today explains this problem. Oriental Red, Taiyangsheng, Mao Zedong came out of China, right? He is the star of the people for the happiness of the people. This is the first paragraph. So now some people continue to think. In the past, when Deng Xiaoming came out, someone changed it. Today, you can continue to write. Oriental Red, Taiyangsheng, Xi Zedong came out of China. He is the star of the people for the happiness of the people. The people call him Qinglingzong. So we understand that Oriental Red is a process of collective creation. It's definitely not Li Youyuan. Li Youyuan's name is recognized by the central government. It was even recognized by Mao Zedong himself. If Li Jinqi is a wandering artist from northern Shaanxi, it must be him. Because he is an important change. If An Bo had a little more political awareness at the time, he would not have created the White Horse Tune. It is likely that Oriental Red was born in 1938. It was not finalized until 1942 or 1944. So this is the history of Oriental Red. Thank you.