Part 1, Chapter 2

George Orwell
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Do you know the road I live in, Ellesmere Road, West Bletchley? Even if you don't,
you know 50 others exactly like it. You know how these streets fester all over the inner
outer suburbs. Always the same. Long, long rows of little semi-detached houses,
the numbers in Ellesmere Road run to 212 and ours is 191, as much alike as council houses
and generally uglier. The stucco front, the creosoted gate, the privet hedge,
the green front door. The laurels, the myrtles, the hawthorns, mon abri, mon repos, Bellevue.
At perhaps one house in 50 some antisocial type who'll probably end in the workhouse has painted
his front door blue instead of green. That sticky feeling round my neck had put me into a demoralized
kind of mood. It's curious how it gets you down to have a sticky neck. It seems to take all the
bounce out of you, like when you suddenly discover in a public place that the sole of one of your
shoes is coming off. I had no illusions about myself that morning. It was almost as if I could
stand at a distance and watch myself coming down the road, with my fat, red face and my false teeth
and my vulgar clothes. A chap like me is incapable of looking like a gentleman. Even if you saw me
at 200 yards distance you'd know immediately, not, perhaps, that I was in the insurance business,
but that I was some kind of tout or salesman. The clothes I was wearing were practically the
uniform of the tribe. Grey herringbone suit, a bit the worse for wear, blue overcoat costing 50
shillings, bowler hat, and no gloves. And I've got the look that's peculiar to people who sell
things on commission, a kind of coarse, brazen look. At my best moments, when I've got a new
shoot or when I'm smoking a cigar, I might pass for a bookie or a publican, and when things are
very bad I might be touting vacuum cleaners, but at ordinary times you'd place me correctly.
Five to ten quid a week, you'd say as soon as you saw me. Economically and socially I'm about
at the average level of Ellesmere Road. I had the street pretty much to myself. The men had
bunked to catch the 8.21 and the women were fiddling with the gas stoves. When you've time
to look about you, and when you happen to be in the right mood, it's a thing that makes you laugh
inside to walk down these streets in the inner-outer suburbs and to think of the lives that
go on there. Because, after all, what is a road like Ellesmere Road? Just a prison with the cells
all in a row. A line of semi-detached torture chambers where the poor little five to ten pound
a weekers quake and shiver, every one of them with the boss twisting his tail and his wife
riding him like the nightmare, and the kids sucking his blood like leeches. There's a lot
of rot talked about the sufferings of the working class. I'm not so sorry for the proles myself.
Did you ever know a navvy who lay awake thinking about the sack? The prole suffers physically,
but he's a free man when he isn't working. But in every one of those little stucco boxes there's
some poor bastard who's never free except when he's fast asleep and dreaming that he's got the
boss down the bottom of a well and is bunning lumps of coal at him. Of course, the basic trouble with
people like us, I said to myself, is that we all imagine we've got something to lose. To begin with,
nine-tenths of the people in Ellesmere Road are under the impression that they own their houses.
Ellesmere Road, and the whole quarter surrounding it, until you get to the High Street is part of a
huge racket called the Hesperides Estate, the property of the cheerful Credit Building Society.
Building societies are probably the cleverest racket of modern times.
My own line, insurance, is a swindle, I admit, but it's an open swindle with the cards on the table.
But the beauty of the building society swindles is that your victims think you're doing them a
kindness. You wallop them, and they lick your hand. I sometimes think I'd like to have the
Hesperides Estate surmounted by an enormous statue to the god of building societies.
It would be a queer sort of god. Among other things it would be bisexual.
The top half would be a managing director and the bottom half would be a wife in the family way.
In one hand it would carry an enormous key, the key of the workhouse, of course, and in the other,
what do they call those things like French horns with presents coming out of them,
a cornucopia, out of which would be pouring portable radios, life insurance policies,
false teeth, aspirins, French letters, and concrete garden rollers.
As a matter of fact, in Ellesmere Road we don't own our houses, even when we've finished paying
for them. They are not freehold, only leasehold. They are priced at $5.50, payable over a period of
16 years, and they are a class of house, which, if you bought them for cash down,
would cost round about $3.80. That represents a profit of $170 for the cheerful credit,
but needless to say that cheerful credit makes a lot more out of it than that.
$3.80 includes the builder's profit, but the cheerful credit, under the name of Wilson and
Bloom, builds the houses itself and scoops the builder's profit. All it has to pay for is the
materials. But it also scoops the profit on the materials, because under the name of Brooks and
Scatterby it sells itself the bricks, tiles, doors, window frames, sand, cement, and, I think, glass.
And it wouldn't altogether surprise me to learn that under yet another alias it sells itself the
timber to make the doors and window frames. Also, and this was something which we really
might have foreseen, though it gave us all a knock when we discovered it, the cheerful credit
doesn't always keep to its end of the bargain. When Ellesmere Road was built it gave on some
open fields, nothing very wonderful, but good for the kids to play in, known as Platts Meadows.
There was nothing in black and white, but it had always been understood that Platts Meadows
weren't to be built on. However, West Bletchley was a growing suburb, Rothwell's Jam Factory had
opened in 28 and the Anglo-American All Steel Bicycle Factory started in 33, and the population
was increasing and rents were going up. I've never seen Sir Herbert Crumb or any other of
the big noises of the cheerful credit in the flesh, but in my mind's eye I could see their
mouths watering. Suddenly the builders arrived and houses began to go up on Platts Meadows.
There was a howl of agony from the Hesperides, and a Tenants' Defence Association was set up.
No use. Crumb's lawyers had knocked the stuffing out of us in five minutes,
and Platts Meadows were built over. But the really subtle swindle,
the one that makes me feel old Crumb deserved his baronetcy, is the mental one.
Merely because of the illusion that we own our houses and have what's called a stake in the
country, we poor saps in the Hesperides, and in all such places, are turned into Crumb's
devoted slaves forever. We're all respectable householders, that's to say Tories, yes-men,
and bumsuckers. Daren't kill the goose that lays the gilded eggs.
And the fact that actually we aren't householders, that we're all in the middle of paying for our
houses and eaten up with the ghastly fear that something might happen before we've made the
last payment, merely increases the effect. We're all bought, and what's more we're
bought with our own money. Every one of those poor downtrodden bastards, sweating his guts
out to pay twice the proper price for a brick doll's house that's called Bellevue because
there's no view and the bell doesn't ring, every one of those poor suckers would die on the field
of battle to save his country from Bolshevism. I turned down Walpole Road and got into the
High Street. There's a train to London at 10.14. I was just passing the Sixpenny Bazaar when I
remembered the mental note I'd made that morning to buy a packet of razor blades.
When I got to the soap counter the floor manager, or whatever his proper title is,
was cursing the girl in charge there. Generally there aren't many people in the Sixpenny at that
hour of the morning. Sometimes if you go in just after opening time you see all the girls lined
up in a row and given their morning curse, just to get them into trim for the day. They say these
big chain stores have chaps with special powers of sarcasm and abuse who are sent from branch to
branch to ginger the girls up. The floor manager was an ugly little devil, undersized, with very
square shoulders and a spiky grey moustache. He'd just pounced on her about something,
some mistake in the change evidently, and was going for her with a voice like a circular saw.
Oh, no. Course you couldn't count it. Course you couldn't. Too much trouble, that'd be.
Oh, no. Before I could stop myself I'd caught the girl's eye. It wasn't so nice for her to
have a fat middle-aged bloke with a red face looking on while she took her cursing.
I turned away as quickly as I could and pretended to be interested in some stuff at the next counter,
curtain rings or something. He was on to her again. He was one of those people who turn away
and then suddenly dart back at you, like a dragonfly. Course you couldn't count it.
Doesn't matter to you if we're too bob out. Doesn't matter at all. What's too bob to you?
Couldn't ask you to go to the trouble of counting it properly.
Oh, no. Nothing matters, e'erthcept your convenience. You don't think about others,
do you? This went on for about five minutes in a voice you could hear half across the shop.
He kept turning away to make her think he'd finished with her and then darting back to
have another go. As I edged a bit farther off I had a glance at them. The girl was a kid about
eighteen, rather fat, with a sort of moony face, the kind that would never get the change right
anyway. She turned pale pink and she was wriggling, actually wriggling with pain. It was
just the same as if he'd been cutting into her with a whip. The girls at the other counters were
pretending not to hear. He was an ugly, stiff-built little devil, the sort of cocksbarrow type of man
that sticks his chest out and puts his hands under his coattails, the type that'd be a sergeant major
only they aren't tall enough. Do you notice how often they have undersized men for these
bullying jobs? He was sticking his face, moustaches and all, almost into her so as to
scream at her better. And the girl all pink and wriggling. Finally he decided that he'd said
enough and strutted off like an admiral on the quarterdeck, and I came up to the counter for my
razorblades. He knew I'd heard every word, and so did she, and both of them knew I knew they knew.
But the worst of it was that for my benefit she'd got to pretend that nothing had happened and put
on the standoffish keep-your-distance attitude that a shopgirl's supposed to keep up with male
customers. Had to act the grown-up young lady half a minute after I'd seen her cursed like a skivvy.
Her face was still pink and her hands were trembling. I asked her for pennyblades and
she started fumbling in the threepenny tray. Then the little devil of a floor manager turned
our way and for a moment both of us thought he was coming back to begin again. The girl flinched
like a dog that sees the whip. But she was looking at me out of the corner of her eye.
I could see that because I'd seen her cursed she hated me like the devil.
Queer. I cleared out with my razorblades. Why do they stand it? I was thinking. Pure funk,
of course. One back answer and you get the sack. It's the same everywhere. I thought of the lad
that sometimes serves me at the chain store grocery we deal at. A great hefty lump of twenty,
with cheeks like roses and enormous forearms, ought to be working in a blacksmith's shop.
And there he is in his white jacket, bent double across the counter, rubbing his hands together
with his, yes, sir. Very true, sir. Pleasant weather for the time of the year, sir.
What can I have the pleasure of getting you today, sir? Practically asking you to kick his bung.
Orders, of course. The customer is always right. The thing you can see in his face is mortal dread
that you might report him for impertinence and get him sacked. Besides, how's he to know you
aren't one of the narcs the company sends round? Fear. We swim in it. It's our element. Everyone
that isn't scared stiff of losing his job is scared stiff of war, or fascism, or communism,
or something. Jews sweating when they think of Hitler. It crossed my mind that that little
bastard with the spiky moustache was probably a damn sight more scared for his job than the girl
was. Probably got a family to support. And perhaps, who knows, at home his meek and mild,
grows cucumbers in the back garden, lets his wife sit on him and the kids pull his moustache.
And by the same token you never read about a Spanish inquisitor or one of these higher-ups
in the Russian opu without being told that in private life he was such a good kind man,
best of husbands and fathers, devoted to his tame canary, and so forth.
The girl at the soap counter was looking after me as I went out of the door.
She'd have murdered me if she could. How she hated me because of what I'd seen.
Much more than she hated the floor manager.
