Beethoven Op.110 Piano Sonata No.31 A flat major 貝多芬 鋼琴 奏嗚曲 第31號 ベートーヴェン ピアノソナタ Score Sheet 譜【Kero】
【Kero】 Score Sheet 譜 樂譜 谱 乐谱 Partitura 楽譜付き
Beethoven Piano Sonata No.31 Op.110 in A flat major
貝多芬 鋼琴 奏嗚曲 第31號 作品110 降A大調
贝多芬 钢琴 奏呜曲 第31号 作品110 降A大调
Beethoven Sonata para piano n.º 31 en la bemol mayor Op. 110
ベートーヴェン ピアノソナタ 第31番 変イ長調 作品110
Classical music Música clásica クラッシック 古典音樂 古典音乐
#Beethoven #Piano #Sonata
00:00 I Moderato cantabile molto espressivo
II. Allegro molto
III. Adagio ma non troppo – Allegro ma non troppo
00:00 I Moderato cantabile molto espressivo
07:21 II Allegro molto
09:34 III Adagio ma non troppo
13:37 Fuga Allegro ma non troppo
降A大調31號鋼琴奏鳴曲，作品110號是路德維希·范·貝多芬發表的第31首和倒數第二首鋼琴奏鳴曲 "鋼琴奏鳴曲 (貝多芬)")。他在1820至1822年共創作三首鋼琴奏鳴曲，本作是第二首，於1821年創作，與作品109號和作品111號組成奏鳴曲集。貝多芬1820年接受委託，1821年下半年開始譜寫作品110號，1822年初完成最終修訂。作曲家忙於其他作品而且身體狀況惡化，導致本作延誤。原版1822年經施萊辛格旗下出版社在巴黎和柏林發行，沒有附加說明，1823年義大利作曲家穆齊奧·克萊門蒂出版了英語版。
全曲分三個樂章。第一樂章為中板，使用典型的奏鳴曲式，開始於一個如歌的主題。第二樂章採快板，由簡潔且幽默的諧謔曲段和三聲中部段構成；音樂學家馬丁·庫珀認為諧謔曲段是以兩首民歌為基礎創作。第三樂章由對比顯著的多個部分組成：開頭是緩慢的宣敘調，接下來是「哀傷的詠敘調」、賦格，切回詠敘調，再奏響賦格形成雄渾的尾聲。音樂學家、作家威廉·金德曼認為第三樂章的賦格與貝多芬許多晚期作品類似，如《迪亞貝利變奏曲》的小賦格和《莊嚴彌撒 "莊嚴彌撒 (貝多芬)")》部分橋段。阿道夫·伯恩哈德·馬克思認為第三樂章賦格可比巴赫、亨德爾的同類作品。31號鋼琴奏鳴曲贏得好評，是音樂分析的重要主題，唐納德·托維、丹尼斯·馬修斯、查爾斯·羅森均有研究著作面世。阿圖爾·施納貝爾、格連·古爾德、阿爾弗雷德·布倫德爾等鋼琴家均有本作錄音傳世。
The Piano Sonata No. 31 in A♭ major, Op. 110, by Ludwig van Beethoven was composed in 1821 and published in 1822. It is the middle piano sonata in the group of three (Opp. 109 "Piano Sonata No. 30 (Beethoven)"), 110, and 111 "Piano Sonata No. 32 (Beethoven)")) that he wrote between 1820 and 1822, and is the penultimate of his piano sonatas "Piano sonatas (Beethoven)"). Though the sonata was commissioned in 1820, Beethoven did not begin work on Op. 110 until the latter half of 1821, and final revisions were completed in early 1822. The delay was due to factors such as Beethoven's work on the Missa solemnis "Missa solemnis (Beethoven)") and his deteriorating health. The original edition was published by Schlesinger in Paris and Berlin in 1822 without dedication, and an English edition was published by Muzio Clementi in 1823.
The work is in three movements "Movement (music)"). The _Moderato_ first movement follows a typical sonata form with an expressive and cantabile opening theme. The Allegro second movement begins with a terse but humorous scherzo, which Martin Cooper "Martin Cooper (musicologist)") believes is based on two folk songs, followed by a trio "Trio (music)") section. The last movement comprises multiple contrasting sections: a slow introductory recitative, an _arioso dolente_, a fugue, a return of the arioso, and a second fugue that builds to a passionate and heroic conclusion. William Kinderman finds parallels between the last movement's fugue and other late works by Beethoven, such as the _fughetta_ in the _Diabelli Variations_ and sections of the Missa solemnis, and Adolf Bernhard Marx favourably compares the fugue to those of Bach and Handel. The sonata is the subject of musical analyses including studies by Donald Tovey, Denis Matthews, Heinrich Schenker, and Charles Rosen. It has been recorded by pianists such as Artur Schnabel, Glenn Gould, and Alfred Brendel.
The sonata is in three movements "Movement (music)"), though Schlesinger's original edition separated the third movement into an Adagio and a Fuga. Alfred Brendel characterises the main themes of the sonata as all derived from the hexachord – the first six notes of the diatonic scale – and the intervals of the third and fourth that divide it. He also points out that contrary motion is a feature in much of the work, and is particularly prominent in the second movement.
The main themes of each movement begin with a phrase covering the range of a sixth. Another point of significance is the note F, which is the sixth degree of the A♭ major scale. F forms the peak of the first phrase of the sonata and acts as the tonic of the second movement. Fs in the right hand also begin the second movement's trio "Trio (music)") section and the third movement's introduction.
The sonata lasts 19 minutes.