秦始皇陵兵馬俑坑一號坑志願者講解

Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the First Emperor Qin Shi Huang's Marcelline Site Museum. My name is Yu Ruihui, I am a volunteer from Central South University and glad to be your interpreter. Emperor Qin Shi Huang's Marcelline Site Museum is a large on-site museum made up of two parts, the Calicut Army Exhibition and the First Emperor's Marcelline. Before I take you around the museum for details, I would like to give you a brief introduction about the First Emperor Qin Shi Huang and his Marcelline Complex. This will help you get a better understanding about the Calicut Army and his First Emperor's Marcelline. Emperor Qin Shi Huang, whose original name is Yin Zheng, is the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty and a well-known figure in Chinese history. When he was only 30 years old, he became the king of Qin State. After 15 years of fighting, he unified China as a whole country for the first time and declared himself as the first emperor. In order to consolidate his power, the emperor took a series of measures, such as the linkage of the Great Wall, the standardization of the writing language, as well as the large construction of his Marcelline. Next, please follow me to visit the Marcelline Site Park. The Marcelline Site Park was also called the Lishan Park because of the bronze narrowing tool unearthed near the tomb mound. There are inscriptions on the bottom of the bronze item, so call it Lishan Park for the respect of the history. First, we are going to visit the Marcelline area. We can see the bronze tomb mound first, but the height is varied from person to person. The official statement is 52.5 meters from the north. It is still a mystery for people what on earth can be buried on the underground palace under the mound. According to the record of historians, it was something like the real palace for the emperor when he was alive. Bobby traps were made to prevent stealing, but the tomb was not open yet. People are dubious about it. Fortunately, the archaeological works and high-tech have confirmed its reliability. Except for the massive treasures buried inside of the tomb, there are also many relics outside. There are more than 600 buried pits around the tomb according to research. The world famous terracotta army was founded in 1979. There are three pits on display, about 1,500 meters east of the tomb. They stand for the garrison force to protect the emperor's underground palace for his afterlife. There are about 6,000 figures in three pits, if fully excavated. It is known as the eighth wonder of the world and attracts millions of visitors each year. The first emperor's tomb is the biggest one in China. It has the richest collection of the burial objects inside the Chinese history. In 1987, the first emperor's mausoleum and his tomb were put on the list of world cultural heritages. First emperor's tomb is the biggest one in China. It has the richest collection of the burial objects inside the Chinese history. In 1987, the first emperor's mausoleum and his terracotta army were put on the list of world cultural heritages. Now we are going to visit pit number one. Pit number one was discovered in March 1974 when some local farmers were digging a water well. There are about 6,000 figures in this large pit, if fully excavated, according to the dynasty. But today, only one third has been excavated. Pit number one is the largest pit. It is in rectangular shape. It measures 230 meters long from east to west, 32 meters wide from north to south, and 5 meters deep, covering an area of 40,230 square meters. It has an earth and wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. Five sloping roadways were constructed on four sides of the pit to permit access. The layout of this pit is a large military battle formation. There are chariots and infantrymen in this pit. In the front of the formation are the vanguards. Three ranks of soldiers are standing here in order. They are the first to sacrifice for the emperor. Behind the vanguards is the main body of the formation. There are 38 columns with the lines of chariots and infantrymen. The left and the right side of the formation are flanked with the row of guards respectively. And the rear of the formation is another row of guards. The guards are meant to defend against the enemy's attack from the flanks and the rear. This battle formation is impressively well organized. The berries and horses are standing as firm as a rock. None of the berries have shells, but they carry various types of weapons. It is a pity that we can't see the real weapons because they were stolen by someone. After stealing most of the weapons, the one also broke the pottery figures into fragments and burnt them. On the top part, the black curricula still left there. At the northwest part of Pit No.1, we can see the site of the third excavation. There have been two previous archaeological excavations of Pit No.1. Archaeologists of the Terracotta Army Museum began the third excavation of this pit on 13 June 2009. Some archaeologists are still working in the current excavation of 200 square meters. They will eventually complete an excavation that will take at least five years, covering an area of about 2,000 square meters at the north end of the pit from its west to east side. The Qin terracotta burials and houses were made in life-size and exquisitely made with high technology. The hardness of their bodies indicates that they might be fired at a temperature between 950 and 1050 degrees centigrade. All of the soldiers and houses were made in local clay. The weight of terracotta burials varied from 110 to 300 kilos. The average height is 1.8 meters. How was this large and heavy status made 2,200 years ago? Investigations into the construction of the figures have shown that the same method was used throughout the entire production. In general, bodies, heads, arms of human figures are hollow and lack solids. The legs of houses are also solid pottery and they support a hollow body. The construction of human figures requires a number of steps. The clay was sifted and washed to ensure an even texture and color and was combined with ground carcass. The feet and pedestrian on which they stood were handmade or molded with the legs. The torso was either sculptured from strips of the clay or cast prior to the attachment of the arms. All the joints would have been sealed and strengthened with clay coils. The final step was the creation of the head. The heads of the human figures were made in two-piece molds and were joined together. Ears, noses and hair were handmade independently and then added on in order to create individualized appearances for each of the figures. Such facial features as the mouth, moustache and beard and hairstyle was sculptured by probably a sharp bamboo. No two figures on earth so far have the same features or expressions. Some experts say that real soldiers served as moons when terracotta variations were made. Besides the different faces, features as armor plates with fixings, belt hooks, shoesties and concealed details were preciously sculptured. After each stage was made, the craftsmen were ordered to inscribe or paint their names on the backs of robes, legs or armor. The names of over 18 craftsmen have been so far discovered. They seem to be 2000 years ago qualified control. The principles of construction were employed in the making of the houses. After the terracotta army and houses were made, they were put into kilns to be fired. The head of human figures were fired separately from the body, so the necks were lined like holes. Both house types have round holes in each side of the body too. These holes could permit the gas and vapors that could have built up in the kilns to escape, prevent the figures from deforming and exploding. MING PAO CANADA // MING PAO TORONTO