前裝黑火藥燧發步槍

肯塔基长步枪原名宾夕法尼亚长步枪。
来自德国的一位移民以手中的耶格步枪为基础设计的一款步枪。经过北美拓荒者的改良，口径变小，枪管加长，加上枪托，也将弹头用浸了油脂的布或皮革包上以利前膛装弹。因其在宾夕法尼亚州设计制造而成，该枪便被称为宾夕法尼亚长步枪，后来这种枪被带到肯塔基地区，因此也被广泛称为肯塔基长步枪。当时装弹速度较慢、但是精度较好的线膛步枪，有膛线，被普遍认为是只有行家才能使用的武器。而且早期的线膛步枪有很多缺陷，装填困难，制造成本很高，实战表现也并不太好。该枪经过改良，在美国独立战争中被一些熟练射手使用，帮助美国赢得了几场关键战役的胜利。
在被誉为美国独立战争转折点的萨拉托加战役，狙击手莫西·墨菲射杀英军将领西蒙·弗雷泽将军，而墨菲使用的武器，正是肯塔基步枪。

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