J.S. Bach

J.S. Bach

J.S. Bach (Johann Sebastian Bach, 1685–1750) was a German composer and organist of the Baroque era whose music is a cornerstone of the Western classical tradition. Born in Eisenach into a family of musicians and orphaned at ten, he was raised and trained by his elder brother, an organist. After posts as organist in Arnstadt, Mühlhausen and Weimar, he became court music director at Köthen, where he wrote the Brandenburg Concertos and the first book of The Well-Tempered Clavier. In 1723 he became cantor of St. Thomas Church in Leipzig, where for twenty-seven years he wrote music for the city's churches, including some 200 surviving cantatas, the St. Matthew Passion and the Mass in B Minor. He often signed his scores “S.D.G.” (Soli Deo Gloria, “to God alone the glory”). Felix Mendelssohn's 1829 performance of the St. Matthew Passion began a lasting revival of his music.

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From Vivaldi to Beethoven

Vivaldi's concertos, including The Four Seasons, spread across Europe, and Bach studied them closely, arranging several for keyboard and organ. Bach's own works became a foundation of Western music: Mozart discovered his fugues in Vienna in the early 1780s and was deeply influenced by them, and the young Beethoven learned The Well-Tempered Clavier from his teacher in Bonn. Beethoven carried the Classical style of Mozart toward the Romantic age.

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