Antonio Vivaldi
Antonio Vivaldi
Antonio Vivaldi (1678–1741) was an Italian composer, violinist and Catholic priest of the Baroque era, best known for The Four Seasons. Born in Venice and taught violin by his father, he was ordained in 1703 and, for his red hair, became known as “the Red Priest.” That year he joined the Ospedale della Pietà, a Venetian charitable home for abandoned girls, where for much of the next three decades he taught and composed for its all-female ensemble. His concerto collection L'estro armonico (1711) spread his fame across Europe, and J.S. Bach arranged several of its works. He wrote some 500 concertos, sacred works such as the Gloria, and dozens of operas, and The Four Seasons (1725) paints the year in sound. Largely forgotten after his death in Vienna, his music was rediscovered in the 20th century and is now among the most performed of the Baroque.
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From Vivaldi to Beethoven
Vivaldi's concertos, including The Four Seasons, spread across Europe, and Bach studied them closely, arranging several for keyboard and organ. Bach's own works became a foundation of Western music: Mozart discovered his fugues in Vienna in the early 1780s and was deeply influenced by them, and the young Beethoven learned The Well-Tempered Clavier from his teacher in Bonn. Beethoven carried the Classical style of Mozart toward the Romantic age.
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