The air conditioner vs. fan question used to be a quiet curiosity in German households and a non-question across most of Europe — until this summer. It is three in the morning now, and the room has not cooled. The window has been open for hours, and nothing comes through it but more of the same air that has been standing over the city since noon. You have turned the pillow to its cold side, and then turned it again, until there is no cold side left. Below the street a delivery bike passes, and for a moment you envy the moving air around it.

This was the week the question stopped being academic. A heat dome parked itself over the continent and drew air up from North Africa, pushing temperatures as much as 15° above the seasonal norm. Germany’s weather service issued red alerts for Bonn, Frankfurt and Cologne; the United Kingdom logged its hottest June day on record; technicians in France and Spain spent the week bolting condenser units onto walls that had never held one. None of it is a peak. The warm phase of the Pacific climate cycle — El Niño — re-formed in mid-2026 after a brief La Niña and a neutral spring, and it is still strengthening, with forecasters expecting it to intensify through the Northern Hemisphere winter. In the language of the season: this is the beginning, not the crest.

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