Friends can help us with all kinds of things in life. How could I forget moving that piano for friends in Chicago? Fortunately, none of us ended up in the ER.
One of the most important things friends do, though, might seem surprising: They help us get to know ourselves.
Both in their 50s, Cindy and Ann had been friends since the second grade. Year after year, they never missed a birthday. Cindy would give Ann gourmet popcorn or maybe a sweatshirt from her alma mater, while Ann would give Cindy a special book on a topic that interested her, or maybe an old batch of family recipes. At one point, it dawned on Cindy just how thoughtful Ann’s gifts were. It wasn’t about the cost. “She really thinks about my life and what I’m doing,” Cindy said. “It’s amazing. Ann is just really thoughtful.”
Cindy had always imagined herself as a thoughtful person, too. But in comparing the kinds of gifts they sent to each other, she realized that she was not thinking about Ann in the way that Ann was thinking about her. And so began her deliberate process of becoming more thoughtful – as a result of the self-insight she had gained from her friendship with Ann.
As and , I’ve noticed the pronounced connection between friendship and self-knowledge in my counseling practice. Cindy and Ann are one example among many. I’ve come to the conclusion that to really know yourself, it’s necessary to have good friends.
The link between self-knowledge and friendship was key for Aristotle, too, more than 2,000 years ago. “Eudaimonia” – roughly translated as living well, or happiness – often remains elusive, yet Aristotle believed it didn’t have to be. Eudaimonia is largely , he said, so long as they aim at the .
Two of those are knowing yourself and . The two are tied together – you can’t develop self-knowledge in a vacuum. Happiness, for Aristotle, can never be a .
Knowing – and befriending – yourself
Humans have a highly developed . This is possible because of a split in human consciousness: There is consciousness, and there is consciousness of consciousness – what is known as reflection . Metacognition allows us to step back and note our thoughts and feelings, analyzing them almost as if they belonged to someone else.
This split , self-knowledge . We can deliberate about our thoughts, feelings and potential actions.
isn’t the same as being intellectual or even intelligent. Instead, it’s about using self-awareness and reason to .
In Aristotle’s view, from that lead to intellectual and moral virtue, so that personal integrity is possible. This, in turn, builds self-trust and , as you learn to rely on yourself to do what is right – what Aristotle called “enkratēs,” or continence.
In other words, self-knowledge is developing a good relationship with yourself. In your own internal dialogue, you become another trusted friend to yourself, based on what you’ve seen in your friendships: virtues like generosity, courage, truthfulness and prudence. Self-knowledge and moral development are tied together and realized in community, as underscored by .
Friendship based on character
Aristotle recognized three . Some are based on utility, like a study-group friend. Others are based on pleasure, such as friends in an antique car club.
The third and highest form of friendship, which can last a lifetime, is , or “arete.”
In these situations, Aristotle wrote, a friend becomes “.” These friendships are based on mutual goodwill and ; they are not fundamentally transactional. Instead, they are anchored in care and concern for the other.
Such friendships , but foster self-knowledge. As emphasizes, a good friend that you yourself do not. You can step back and analyze your desires, thoughts and feelings, but you can never actually observe yourself.
That means self-knowledge always has a . True friends and capacity for virtue. As you get to know your friend, you get to know yourself – and are challenged to become a better version of yourself.
“To perceive and to know a friend, therefore, is necessarily in a manner to perceive and in a manner to ,” Aristotle wrote in the “.” The friend is a mirror that our thinking, perception and moral understanding.
Aiming at the good life
In the end, what makes eudaimonia – the good life – possible? For Aristotle, it’s using reason to become our best selves. are the most desirable , Aristotle argued: “One always desires to live because one always desires to know, and because one wishes to be oneself the .”
And there’s no way to get there without . shares perceptions, enhances self-knowledge and magnifies life’s pleasures.
The desire to know and be known is part of the quest for happiness. Knowledge of self, others and everything else is interconnected. For Aristotle, relationships are a portal into the realms of the vast and mysterious universe.
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