In the three decades between 1993 and 2024, measles in the U.S. was relatively rare – a few hundred cases each year, at most. But suddenly, the disease has become so entrenched in American life that it sometimes fails to make headlines when a new outbreak erupts.
As of March 2026, measles has been continuously circulating around the U.S. for more than a year, starting with an that lasted from January to August 2025. Before , an and began in August and is ongoing. An outbreak in began in September, drastically increased in January 2026, and continues.
; 47 have seen cases since the start of 2025. Health officials across the U.S. have as of March 6, putting the country on track to surpass 2025’s numbers, which were the highest in 35 years.
We study at , and we view the return of measles in the U.S. as a grim signal of what’s to come.
Low levels of vaccination across the country mean measles outbreaks will continue to occur, needlessly hospitalizing and killing the unvaccinated. But beyond these harms, the disease’s resurgence serves as a serious warning about the country’s capacity to manage infectious disease threats of all kinds.
An eliminated disease returns
Measles’ return is no mystery: At its root is the falling vaccination rate.
Around 90% of the U.S. population has received the , and in some regions of the country, . Since about 2019-2020, that overall number has dropped below the 95% needed for . It is necessary to keep that rate nationally, but maintaining herd immunity at the local level is equally important in order to prevent measles from finding pockets of unvaccinated communities.
Countries that are deemed to have eliminated measles – a designation the U.S. achieved in 2000. The Pan American Health Organization was scheduled to decide in April , but the organization .
Current trends suggest that both the U.S. and Mexico, which has also been battling the disease, may lose this status – as . All three countries have seen their vaccination rates , and their outbreaks may share epidemiological links.
A serious, long-term threat to US health
By any measure, the ongoing U.S. measles outbreaks signal that the disease has returned in a way that will have serious adverse health consequences. In 2025, in the U.S. That is more than in any year since the disease’s elimination 25 years ago.
Of the country’s 2,283 confirmed measles cases in 2025, . In South Carolina, where have been reported in 2026, hospitals don’t have to report when patients are admitted due to measles complications, so the actual number of hospitalizations due to measles could be much higher.
People who recover from measles such as pneumonia, which can lead to death, or , which can later lead to deafness or intellectual disabilities from the brain swelling. The virus can also , making people more susceptible to other infections over the long term, even ones they’ve had before.
In rare instances – though more likely if someone is infected as a child – measles patients can develop a progressive dementia known as , or SSPE, anywhere from two to 10 years after their infection. SSPE always leads to death. This past year, a of this condition years after being infected with measles as an infant, before they were old enough to be vaccinated.
Measles is an economic scourge
Recurring outbreaks of measles in the U.S. will mean high economic costs. Countries have pursued measles elimination in part because of the clear economic benefits of stopping domestic transmission of the virus.
Studies have found that the is often as much as tens of thousands of dollars per case. , which involved 72 cases – a small outbreak compared with what states are reporting now – cost US$3.2 million for the public health response, medical expenses and productivity losses. The found that a sustained 1% drop in MMR coverage would cost the U.S. billions across health care systems and the economy.
An opening for infectious disease
As concerning as recent outbreaks of measles have been, they herald a larger systemic problem.
How a country controls measles can be viewed as a proxy for how well it would control many other diseases. That’s because the steps for stopping the spread are the same: deploying vaccines to prevent infections, detecting and isolating cases when they occur, identifying exposed contacts of infected people and making sure they stay home if they’re likely to be contagious, and treating sick people safely.
But besides measles, we’ve already seen infections that were once controlled, , that rose sharply in 2024 and remained high in 2025 compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic.
That’s because controlling the spread of many infectious diseases depends on the public’s trust in the basic components of public health. Declining MMR vaccine coverage reveals underlying challenges in public support for vaccines. Public confidence in is also eroding, according to polling from 2023 to early 2026 by the health policy organization KFF. trust the government even “a fair amount” to provide reliable vaccine information.
These growing cracks in the country’s public health armor will complicate efforts to protect Americans from future disease threats – whether an outbreak, a pandemic or a biological attack.
Original article
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